**Increasing Order of Values of e/m Ratio for e, p, n, alpha**

The e/m ratio is the ratio of the charge of a particle to its mass. It is a fundamental property of particles and can provide valuable insights into their nature. In this response, we will discuss the increasing order of values of the e/m ratio for electrons (e), protons (p), neutrons (n), and alpha particles (α).

**1. Electrons (e):**

Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge and a very small mass. The e/m ratio for electrons was first measured by J.J. Thomson using cathode ray tubes in his experiments on the properties of electric discharge in gases. He observed that the cathode rays were deflected by electric and magnetic fields, and by manipulating these fields, he determined the e/m ratio to be approximately 1.76 x 10^11 C/kg.

**2. Protons (p):**

Protons are subatomic particles with a positive charge and a mass approximately 1836 times that of an electron. The e/m ratio for protons was measured using various experimental techniques, including the study of their motion in electric and magnetic fields. The value of the e/m ratio for protons is approximately 9.58 x 10^7 C/kg.

**3. Neutrons (n):**

Neutrons are subatomic particles with no charge and a mass similar to that of protons. Since neutrons are electrically neutral, their e/m ratio is zero. Consequently, the e/m ratio for neutrons cannot be measured directly using the same techniques employed for charged particles.

**4. Alpha Particles (α):**

Alpha particles are helium nuclei consisting of two protons and two neutrons, resulting in a charge of +2e and a relatively large mass compared to electrons and protons. The e/m ratio for alpha particles can be determined by studying their motion in electric and magnetic fields. The value of the e/m ratio for alpha particles is approximately 1.76 x 10^7 C/kg.

**Summary:**

In summary, the increasing order of values of the e/m ratio for the given particles is as follows:

1. Neutrons (n) - 0 C/kg
2. Alpha Particles (α) - 1.76 x 10^7 C/kg
3. Protons (p) - 9.58 x 10^7 C/kg
4. Electrons (e) - 1.76 x 10^11 C/kg

These values provide insights into the fundamental properties of particles and are important in various fields of physics, such as particle physics, nuclear physics, and electromagnetic theory.

The e/m ratio is known as specific charge where, e is the charge on particle and m is mass of the particles.

For neutrons ⇒ charge is zero.

                       mass =1.6×10−27 amu

For proton ⇒ charge =1.6×10−19C

                   mass =1.6×10−27 amu

For electron ⇒ charge =1.6×10−19C

                      mass =9.1×10−31 amu

For α−particle ⇒ charge ⇒2×1.6×10−19C

                                   mass ⇒4×1.6×10−27 amu

From these data, it can be concluded that neutron has least (e/m) specific charge and electron has high e/m ratio n, a, p, e.