Technological and Institutional Reform Programmes for Farmers

The Indian government has introduced several technological and institutional reform programmes in the agriculture sector to improve the productivity and income of farmers. Some of these programmes are:

1. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
PMFBY is a crop insurance scheme that provides financial assistance to farmers in case of crop failures due to natural calamities, pests, and diseases. It aims to reduce the financial burden on farmers and encourage them to adopt modern agricultural practices.

2. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)
PMKSY is a comprehensive irrigation scheme that aims to provide a permanent solution to the water scarcity problem in the agricultural sector. It focuses on the development of water sources, distribution network, and efficient water use.

3. Soil Health Card Scheme (SHC)
SHC is a scheme that provides farmers with information on the nutrient status of their soil and recommends appropriate fertilizers and other measures to improve soil health. It aims to increase the productivity of crops and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.

4. National Agriculture Market (eNAM)
eNAM is an online platform that connects farmers with markets across the country. It provides farmers with access to better prices, eliminates intermediaries, and promotes transparency in the agricultural marketing system.

5. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
RKVY is a scheme that provides financial assistance to states for promoting agriculture and allied sectors. It aims to increase the productivity and profitability of agriculture, promote agri-entrepreneurship, and enhance rural livelihoods.

6. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme
KCC is a scheme that provides farmers with credit facilities to meet their short-term credit requirements for agriculture and allied activities. It aims to provide timely and adequate credit to farmers at a reasonable cost.

Conclusion
The government's efforts to introduce technological and institutional reform programmes in the agriculture sector have been aimed at improving the conditions of farmers and promoting sustainable agriculture practices. These schemes have helped in addressing the challenges faced by farmers and have contributed to the growth of the agriculture sector in the country.

TECHNOLOGICAL REFORMS:

1)Indroduing electricity and irrational facilities in the real areas for running all sorts of machine and using of tube Wells, electric water pumps etc......
2)To improve Indian agriculture in 1960&1970 various inputs like chemical fertilisers ,HYV
seeds etc..was introduced you the GOVERNMENT

INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS:

1)The land reforms was the focus of five year plan by government after independence
2)In 1980&1990 various measure were taken by the central and state government which included provision of land insurance against natural calamities
3)Establishment of grammes bank ,cooperative banks to provide loans for farmers at low interest
4)Introducing got schemes lie Kiran kredit card and Personal accident insurance scheme
5)Special Heather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced by radio or by television
6) government produced subsidies on agricultural products


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