You are given a fairly old piece of dicot stem and a dicot root.Which of the following anatomical structures will you use to distinguish between the two? A. Secondary xylem B. Secondary phloem C. Protoxylem D. Cortical cells?

Question

Answer

Position of protoxylem is diff. in both in Stem endarch and in Root exarch condition is present..

Answer

Through propoxylem .

Answer

Protoxylem.
Because in stem,endarch condition is found,whereas it is exarch in root.

Answer

Protoxylem

Answer

Protoxylem is different in both,hence can b used for identification

Answer

Introduction:
When examining a fairly old piece of dicot stem and dicot root, several anatomical structures can be used to distinguish between the two. This includes secondary xylem, secondary phloem, protoxylem, and cortical cells. Understanding the characteristics and location of these structures can help in identifying whether the specimen is a stem or a root.

Distinguishing structures:

1. Secondary xylem:
Secondary xylem is a key structure that can be used to differentiate between a stem and a root. In dicot stems, secondary xylem forms a distinct pattern of concentric rings or growth rings due to successive layers of xylem produced in each growth season. In contrast, dicot roots lack such well-defined growth rings in their secondary xylem. Therefore, the presence or absence of growth rings can be a useful indicator in distinguishing between a stem and a root.

2. Secondary phloem:
Similarly, secondary phloem can provide valuable insights into the nature of the specimen. In dicot stems, secondary phloem forms a continuous ring between the secondary xylem and the cambium. This ring is responsible for the transportation of sugars and other organic compounds. Dicot roots, on the other hand, lack a distinct secondary phloem ring. Instead, the phloem strands are scattered throughout the root. Therefore, the presence of a continuous ring of secondary phloem suggests the specimen is a stem.

3. Protoxylem:
Protoxylem refers to the first-formed xylem elements in a plant. It is characterized by smaller and thinner-walled cells compared to the mature xylem. In dicot stems, protoxylem is typically located towards the center of the stem, closer to the pith. In dicot roots, however, protoxylem is found towards the periphery of the root, closer to the cortex. Therefore, observing the location of protoxylem can provide valuable information in distinguishing between a stem and a root.

4. Cortical cells:
Cortical cells refer to the outermost layer of the stem or root, also known as the cortex. While cortical cells are present in both dicot stems and roots, their arrangement and composition may differ. In dicot stems, the cortex is often composed of parenchyma cells with air spaces, which helps in gas exchange. In dicot roots, the cortex may contain specialized cells, such as endodermis and pericycle, which play important roles in root function. Therefore, observing the composition and arrangement of cortical cells can provide clues to differentiate between a stem and a root.

Conclusion:
By examining the presence or absence of secondary xylem growth rings, the arrangement of secondary phloem, the location of protoxylem, and the characteristics of cortical cells, it is possible to distinguish between a fairly old dicot stem and dicot root. These anatomical structures provide valuable information about the nature and function of the plant specimen, aiding in its classification and understanding.

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