Deficiency of Nicotinic Acid:

Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is an essential nutrient required for the proper functioning of the body. Prolonged deficiency of this vitamin can lead to various health problems.

Pellagra:

Pellagra is a disease caused by prolonged deficiency of nicotinic acid. It is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Pellagra was a common disease in the early 20th century, particularly in the southern United States, where it was associated with a diet that was low in niacin. The disease is now rare, thanks to the fortification of food with niacin.

Symptoms of Pellagra:

The symptoms of pellagra include:

1. Dermatitis: Pellagra causes a rash on the skin that is commonly seen in sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the hands, arms, and neck. The rash is characterized by redness, scaling, and crusting.

2. Diarrhea: Pellagra can cause diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

3. Dementia: In advanced cases, pellagra can lead to dementia, which can cause confusion, memory loss, and disorientation.

Treatment:

The treatment for pellagra involves taking nicotinic acid supplements. The recommended daily allowance of niacin for adults is 16 mg for men and 14 mg for women. It is important to get enough niacin in the diet to prevent pellagra and other health problems.

Conclusion:

Prolonged deficiency of nicotinic acid can lead to pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. The disease is now rare, thanks to the fortification of food with niacin. Treatment involves taking nicotinic acid supplements. It is important to get enough niacin in the diet to prevent pellagra and other health problems.