Minor element are those which are required in quantity of less than milligram/gram of dry matter but they are essential for proper growth and development of an organism e.g.. Cl, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Mo etc. These elements work as non-protein cofactor in enzymes e.g., Zn, Cu etc.

Minor elements, also known as trace elements or micronutrients, play a crucial role in various biological processes within the human body. While they are required in smaller quantities compared to major elements, they are essential for optimal functioning and health. Among their various functions, the main role of minor elements is to act as cofactors of enzymes.

Role of minor elements as cofactors of enzymes:

1. Enzymes and their role in biochemical reactions:
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. They facilitate the conversion of substrates into products, thereby speeding up the rate of reactions. Enzymes have specific structures that allow them to bind with substrates and facilitate their conversion. However, enzymes often require the assistance of cofactors to function effectively.

2. Cofactors and their importance:
Cofactors are non-protein molecules that bind to enzymes and assist in their catalytic activity. These cofactors can be either inorganic ions or organic molecules. Minor elements, such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium, serve as essential cofactors for numerous enzymes.

3. Role of minor elements in enzyme function:
Minor elements participate in various enzymatic reactions by interacting with the enzyme's active site or substrate. They help in stabilizing the enzyme-substrate complex, facilitating the catalytic reaction, and promoting the conversion of substrates into products. Additionally, minor elements can also assist in regulating enzyme activity and controlling metabolic pathways.

4. Examples of minor elements as cofactors:
a) Iron: Iron is a key component of heme, the pigment found in hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells. It is also a cofactor for enzymes involved in electron transport and energy production.
b) Zinc: Zinc acts as a cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in DNA synthesis, cell division, immune function, and wound healing.
c) Copper: Copper is required for the activity of enzymes involved in iron metabolism, collagen synthesis, and antioxidant defense systems.
d) Manganese: Manganese serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, bone formation, and antioxidant defense.
e) Selenium: Selenium is an essential component of selenoproteins, which have antioxidant properties and play a role in thyroid hormone metabolism.

In conclusion, the main role of minor elements is to act as cofactors of enzymes. They are essential for the proper functioning of enzymes and play a vital role in various biochemical reactions within the body.