Doping is the process of adding impurities to intrinsic semiconductors to alter their properties. Normally Trivalent and Pentavalent elements are used to dope Silicon and Germanium.The P stands for Positive, which means the semiconductor is rich in holes or Positive charged ions.

What is Doping?

Doping refers to the use of banned substances or methods by athletes to enhance their performance in sports competitions. It is considered unethical and against the rules set by various sports organizations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), and national anti-doping agencies.

Prohibited Methods
There are several methods that are prohibited both in and out of competition. These methods are categorized into different groups based on their effects and potential to enhance performance. Some of the commonly prohibited methods include:

1. Substances:
- Stimulants: These substances, such as amphetamines, cocaine, and caffeine, increase alertness and reduce fatigue.
- Anabolic Agents: Including anabolic steroids, these substances promote muscle growth and improve strength.
- Peptide Hormones and Analogues: Examples include erythropoietin (EPO) that stimulates red blood cell production, and growth hormone (GH).
- Diuretics: These substances increase urine production and can be used to mask the presence of other banned substances.

2. Methods:
- Blood Doping: This involves the re-infusion of an athlete's own blood or someone else's blood to increase the number of red blood cells and oxygen-carrying capacity.
- Gene Doping: The use of gene therapy to enhance physical performance by altering an athlete's genetic makeup.
- Masking Agents: Substances that are used to hide the presence of banned substances during doping tests, such as diuretics or probenecid.
- Manipulation of Samples: Any attempt to tamper with or manipulate urine or blood samples collected for doping tests.

Consequences of Doping
Doping is considered a serious offense in sports and can lead to severe consequences for athletes found guilty. These consequences may include:

1. Disqualification: Athletes can be disqualified from the competition in which they tested positive for doping.
2. Suspension: Athletes may face a suspension from participating in future competitions for a specified period.
3. Loss of Medals and Titles: If an athlete is found guilty of doping, any medals, titles, or records achieved during the period of doping can be revoked.
4. Fines and Financial Penalties: Athletes may be required to pay fines or face financial penalties as a result of doping violations.
5. Damage to Reputation: Doping can significantly damage an athlete's reputation, leading to loss of endorsement deals and diminished public support.

Conclusion
Doping is a serious issue in the world of sports. The use of prohibited substances and methods not only undermines the spirit of fair play but also poses risks to the health and well-being of athletes. Strict anti-doping measures are in place to protect the integrity of sports and ensure a level playing field for all competitors.

Term doping means use of drugs