Reflex action in an involuntary action by the body to external stimuli, in which we cannot control ourselves. Reflex actions often bypass the brain altogether to occur very quickly

(i) To receive the stimulus (tennis
ball on the racquet).

(ii) Sensory neurons of a spinal nerve conveys the stimulus to spinal cord.

(iii)Spinal cord to interpret the stimulus and give appropriate command
to motor neurons.

(iv)
Motor neurons of a spinal nerve to convey motor command to effector.

(v) Effectors or muscles to execute the effect by muscular movement (hit the tennis ball from the racquet).

i hope its helpful for us..........

Reflex Arc: The Process of Hitting a Tennis Ball

The reflex arc is a neural pathway that allows for the rapid and automatic response to a stimulus. It involves a sequence of events that occurs when a sensory receptor is stimulated and a motor neuron is activated to produce a reflex action. Let's explore the reflex arc in the context of a tennis player hitting a tennis ball during play.

The Sensory Receptors
Sensory receptors are specialized cells that detect and respond to specific stimuli. In the case of a tennis player, the sensory receptors involved in hitting a tennis ball are primarily located in the eyes and muscles.

Stimulus: The Tennis Ball
The stimulus in this scenario is the tennis ball approaching the player. As the tennis ball comes into the player's field of vision, the sensory receptors in the eyes detect its presence and send the sensory input to the central nervous system (CNS).

Processing in the Central Nervous System (CNS)
The sensory input from the eyes is transmitted to the brain, specifically to the visual cortex, where it is processed and interpreted. The brain analyzes the trajectory, speed, and direction of the ball, as well as factors like distance and timing.

Motor Neuron Activation
Based on the analysis carried out by the brain, a motor response is initiated. The brain sends signals to the motor neurons responsible for controlling the muscles involved in hitting the tennis ball. In this case, the motor neurons will primarily activate the muscles of the arms, shoulder, and core.

Reflex Action: Hitting the Tennis Ball
The motor neurons transmit the signals from the brain to the muscles, causing them to contract and generate the physical action required to hit the tennis ball. The muscles contract in a coordinated manner, generating the necessary force and movement to strike the ball with precision and power.

The Result: Successful Shot
Due to the rapid and automatic nature of the reflex arc, the tennis player is able to hit the tennis ball in a split second, without consciously thinking about the complex coordination required. The successful shot is a result of the efficient functioning of the sensory receptors, CNS processing, and motor neuron activation.

Conclusion
The reflex arc is a crucial mechanism for the rapid response to stimuli, allowing tennis players and athletes in various sports to perform complex movements without conscious thought. Understanding the reflex arc helps us appreciate the intricate processes involved in actions like hitting a tennis ball and highlights the remarkable capabilities of the human nervous system.