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Index: Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Biology Class 12 - NEET PDF Download

1. The DNA

2. The Search for Genetic Material

3. RNA World

4. Replication

5. Transcription

6. Genetic Code

7. Translation & Regulation of Gene Expression

8. Human Genome Project

9. DNA Fingerprinting

10. Previous Year Tests

11. Tests of Chapter: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

12. NCERT Book & Solutions

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FAQs on Index: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What is the molecular basis of inheritance?
Ans. The molecular basis of inheritance refers to the mechanism by which genetic information is passed from one generation to the next. It involves the transmission of DNA, the molecule that carries genetic instructions, from parents to offspring. DNA contains genes, which are specific sequences of nucleotides that code for proteins and determine an organism's traits.
2. How does DNA replication occur during inheritance?
Ans. DNA replication is a crucial process during inheritance. It occurs in the nucleus of a cell and involves the copying of the DNA molecule to produce two identical copies. The process begins with the unwinding of the DNA double helix, followed by the separation of the two strands. Each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, resulting in two complete DNA molecules.
3. What is the role of genes in inheritance?
Ans. Genes play a fundamental role in inheritance as they carry the instructions for the formation of proteins, which are essential for the development and functioning of an organism. Different genes determine various traits such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases. During reproduction, genes are passed down from parents to offspring, resulting in the inheritance of specific traits.
4. How do mutations affect inheritance?
Ans. Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or due to external factors such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can impact inheritance by introducing changes in the genetic code. Depending on the nature and location of the mutation, it can lead to the production of abnormal proteins or the loss of protein function, which can result in genetic disorders or variations in traits passed down to offspring.
5. What are the different modes of inheritance?
Ans. There are several modes of inheritance observed in genetics. These include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and mitochondrial inheritance. In autosomal dominant inheritance, a single copy of the mutated gene from either parent can result in the expression of the trait or disorder. In autosomal recessive inheritance, two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, are required for the trait or disorder to be expressed. X-linked inheritance involves genes located on the X chromosome, while mitochondrial inheritance involves genes present in the mitochondria of the cell.
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