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All questions of Class 12 India - People and Economy for CTET & State TET Exam

In the world, India is one of the
  • a)
    most urbanised.
  • b)
    least urbanised.
  • c)
    moderately urbanised.
  • d)
    most industrialised.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Gayatri Yadav answered
Level of urbanization increased from 27.81% in 2001 Census to 31.16% in 2011 Census. According to the UN the year 2007 witnessed the turning point when more than 50% of the world population were living in cities, for the first time in human history.
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Average density of population in India, according to 2011 census, was
  • a)
    210
  • b)
    300
  • c)
    500
  • d)
    382
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajesh Gupta answered
- Density of population, is expressed as number of persons per unit area.
- It helps in getting a better understanding of the spatial distribution of population in relation to land.
- The density of population in India (2011) was 382 people per square kilometer and ranks third among the most densely populated countries of Asia following Bangladesh (1203 people per square kilometer in 2013) and Japan (350 people per square kilometer in 2011). There has been a steady increase of more than 200 people per square kilometer over the last 50 years as the density of population increased from 117 people per square kilometer.

The highest density of population, among the states of India, is found in
  • a)
    U.P.
  • b)
    Bihar.
  • c)
    Delhi. 
  • d)
    Punjab.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Jain answered
- The records of population density 2011 of India state that the density 2011 has increased from a figure of 324 to that of 382 per square kilometer.
- Bihar is the most thickly populated state (1106 persons/sq km.) followed by west bengal-1028 and Kerala 860.

Scattered settlements are found in
  • a)
    Bangladesh.
  • b)
    Japan.
  • c)
    Australia.
  • d)
    India.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Hrishikesh Jain answered
As the pressure of population is low; thus, man land ratio is very high, people live in large houses.

Where does Indira Gandhi Canal originate from?
  • a)
    Harike barrage
  • b)
    Bhakra nangal
  • c)
    Kosi barrage
  • d)
    Gobind sagar dam
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Jain answered
The correct option is A.
Aim of this ambitious project is to irrigate the thirsty desert land of Western Rajasthan with Himalaya's water and provide drinking water to crores of inhabitants of this area. Origin of this canal is from Harike barrage situated in Punjab. From Harike, 204 Km. long Indira Gandhi Feeder off-takes, which has 170 Km.

Which is the main reason for the male migration in India:?
  • a)
    Education
  • b)
    Business
  • c)
    Employment
  • d)
    Marriage
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Akshita Saha answered
Male migration in India is due to work and employment whereas the female population migrates mainly because of marriage.

After Hinduism, which religion in India has the maximum followers?
  • a)
    Sikhism
  • b)
    Buddhism
  • c)
    Islam
  • d)
    Jainism
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Prerna Nair answered
The religious groups of India include Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Zoroastrians, tribal and other indigenous faiths and beliefs. After Hinduism, Islam has the maximum followers in India.

Migration out of the country and into the country from the other countries is called
  • a)
    national migration.
  • b)
    internal migration.
  • c)
    international migration.
  • d)
    foreign migration.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Preethi Sen answered
Migration out of the country and into the country from the other countries is called international migration. Migration within the country is called internal migration.

The highest number of tribes is found in
  • a)
    Goa.
  • b)
    Madhya Pradesh.
  • c)
    Mizoram.
  • d)
    Assam.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Priyanka Chavan answered
The population of Scheduled Tribals (ST) in Madhya Pradesh is 20.27% ( 12.23 million); according to the 2001 census. Mizoram  (94.5%) has the highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes.

The Indian State/UT with highest density of population, according to 2011 census?
  • a)
    West Bengal
  • b)
    Kerala
  • c)
    Uttar Pradesh
  • d)
    Delhi
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kavya Khanna answered
The National Capital Region area of Delhi possesses the highest of the population density 2011 among the states of India having a statistics of 11,297 per square kilometre.

A non- ferrous mineral is
  • a)
    iron ore.
  • b)
    copper.
  • c)
    manganese.
  • d)
    chromite.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rishabh Sengupta answered
Ferrous minerals contain a large percentage of the iron content. Non-ferrous minerals do not. Bauxite, copper, gold, lead, zinc, aluminium are some examples of non-ferrous minerals.

The state in India which has the highest concentration of Buddhists and Jains is
  • a)
    Gujarat.
  • b)
    Madhya Pradesh.
  • c)
    Maharashtra.
  • d)
    Rajasthan.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Samridhi Chavan answered
The largest concentration of Buddhism is in Maharashtra (58.3%), where (73.4%) of the total Buddhists in India reside. The percentage of Jain population to the total population is maximum in Maharashtra (1.3%), Rajasthan (1.2%), Delhi (1.1%) and Gujarat (1.0%).

A factor of low growth rate of population in India is
  • a)
    fall in death rate.
  • b)
    fall in birth rate.
  • c)
    fall in infant mortality rate.
  • d)
    increase in life expectancy.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kunal Ghoshal answered
India's population growth rate was 1.2%, in 2013. The growth rate of population in India has been caused by annual birth rate, death rate and rate of migration.

Rice research institute of India is situated at:
  • a)
    Cuttack
  • b)
    Kolkata
  • c)
    Chennai
  • d)
    Dehradun 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Learning Educators answered
Rice research institute of India is situated at:
The Rice Research Institute of India is located in Cuttack. This institute plays a crucial role in developing improved rice varieties and conducting research to enhance rice production.
  • Location: Cuttack, Odisha
  • Focus: Research on rice cultivation
  • Objective: Improve rice yield and sustainability

A Statutory town is that has
  • a)
    secondary activities.
  • b)
    municipal corporation and cantonment board.
  • c)
    population more than 10,000.
  • d)
    only primary activities.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Saha answered
Statutory town have local bodies like municipal corporations, municipalities, etc., irrespective of their demographic characteristics as reckoned on 31st December 2009. Examples: Vadodara (M Corp.), Shimla (MCorp.) etc.

There is no Scheduled caste population in:
  • a)
    Mizoram
  • b)
    Nagaland
  • c)
    Manipur
  • d)
    Assam
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Nidhi Solanki answered
Correct answer is option B.
Nagaland along with Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep Islands have no Scheduled Castes.
Among UTs Delhi has the maximum number of Scheduled Castes.

The concept which has human beings as centre is called
  • a)
    humanism.
  • b)
    demographic.
  • c)
    anthropo-centric.
  • d)
    population.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjana Bose answered
The concept which is concentrated on human beings is called anthropo-centric. Countries like India are a part of this concept whereas Western countries have euro-centric approach.

Which department is meant for measuring the geographical area of administrative units:
  • a)
    Agricultural Department
  • b)
    Forest department
  • c)
    Revenue department
  • d)
    Survey of India 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Dhruba Malik answered
Measuring Geographical Area of Administrative Units

Department responsible for measuring the geographical area of administrative units is Survey of India. Let's discuss in detail.

Survey of India
Survey of India is the national survey and mapping organization of India. It was established in 1767 and is headquartered in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It is responsible for all the topographic, cadastral, and geodetic surveys of India. Survey of India is an attached office of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

Role of Survey of India
Survey of India plays a vital role in the development of the country. It provides the geographic foundation for planning and implementing various developmental activities such as road construction, building construction, urban planning, and agriculture development.

Measuring Geographical Area of Administrative Units
The Survey of India is responsible for measuring the geographical area of administrative units. It uses various techniques and tools to measure the area accurately. Some of the commonly used techniques are:

- Total Station: It is an electronic instrument used for measuring angles and distances. It can measure the distance between two points accurately and quickly.
- GPS: Global Positioning System is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information. It is used to measure the exact location of a point.
- Aerial Photography: It is the process of taking photographs of the ground from the air. Aerial photographs provide a bird's-eye view of the area and are used to measure the area of large administrative units.

Conclusion
Survey of India is the department responsible for measuring the geographical area of administrative units. It uses various techniques and tools to measure the area accurately. Measuring the area accurately is essential for planning and implementing developmental activities in the country.

In thickly forested areas and mountains, which mode of transport is best suited:
  • a)
    Land
  • b)
    Water
  • c)
    Pipeline
  • d)
    Human portage
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Preethi Sen answered
Human portage is still important in thickly-forested regions or the areas of extremely rugged terrain mountains where it is very difficult to construct roads.

Compact settlements are found in
  • a)
    mountains areas.
  • b)
    plateau and hilly regions.
  • c)
    river valleys and plains.
  • d)
    forested areas.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Simran Rane answered
Compact settlements are found in river valleys and plains because of the availability of water, plain surface and fertile soils.

Which is the most backward area of Himachal Pradesh?
  • a)
    Sangla
  • b)
    Kalpa
  • c)
    Barot
  • d)
    Bharmaur
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Sharma answered
A number of development programmes, policies and projects have been introduced to improve the well-being of tribal people.

Which one of the following minerals is known as brown diamond?
  • a)
    Iron
  • b)
    Lignite
  • c)
    Mica
  • d)
    Tin
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Athul Choudhary answered
Lignite, or brown coal, ranks last in heat and carbon content. It has been estimated that nearly half of the world’s total proven coal reserves are made up of lignite and subbituminous coal.

Which one of the crops is fiber crop?
  • a)
    Sugarcane
  • b)
    Cotton
  • c)
    Tea
  • d)
    Rubber 
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Gayatri Yadav answered
Introduction:
A fiber crop is a plant that is cultivated primarily for the fibers it produces, which are used in various industries such as textile, paper, and rope manufacturing. These crops have long, strong, and durable fibers that can be spun into yarn or used directly in different applications. Among the given options, cotton is the correct answer as it is one of the most widely cultivated fiber crops in the world.

Explanation:
Cotton:
- Cotton is a natural fiber crop that is derived from the cotton plant, scientifically known as Gossypium.
- It is cultivated for its soft and fluffy fibers that grow in protective capsules known as bolls.
- These fibers are composed mainly of cellulose and are spun into yarn or thread to produce textiles.
- Cotton fibers have desirable properties such as strength, moisture absorption, and breathability, making them ideal for clothing, bedding, and various other textile applications.

Other options:
- Sugarcane: Sugarcane is primarily grown for its high sugar content and is used in the production of sugar, molasses, and ethanol. It does not produce fibers suitable for textile applications.
- Tea: Tea is an aromatic beverage made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. While tea leaves have certain fibrous components, they are not cultivated primarily for their fibers.
- Rubber: Rubber is obtained from the latex of rubber trees and is primarily used in the production of various rubber products. It does not produce fibers suitable for textile applications.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, cotton is the correct answer as it is a widely cultivated fiber crop known for its soft and durable fibers. The other options provided, such as sugarcane, tea, and rubber, are not fiber crops and are primarily used for different purposes.

All the lift canals of Indira Gandhi canal originate from
  • a)
    right bank.
  • b)
    left bank.
  • c)
    river Yamuna.
  • d)
    river Luni.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnab Gupta answered
All the lift canals originate from the left bank of main canal while all the canals on the right bank of main canal are flow channels.

The following form of settlement develop along either side of roads, rivers etc, namely,
  • a)
    circular.
  • b)
    linear.
  • c)
    cross shaped.
  • d)
    square.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Roshni Patel answered
**Explanation:**

Settlements that develop along roads, rivers, and other linear features are known as linear settlements. These settlements are characterized by their elongated shape, following the course of the road or river.

**Reasoning:**

Linear settlements develop along linear features due to several reasons:

1. **Transportation:** Linear settlements often develop along roads, rivers, or other transportation routes because these routes provide easier access to goods and services. They allow for the movement of people, goods, and ideas, making them ideal locations for settlements.

2. **Trade and Commerce:** Linear settlements are often associated with trade and commerce due to their proximity to transportation routes. The presence of a road or river facilitates the movement of goods, attracting traders and merchants to set up businesses along these routes.

3. **Water Resources:** Linear settlements along rivers provide easy access to water resources for drinking, irrigation, and transportation. Rivers have historically been important for settlements, as they provide a source of water, food, and trade opportunities.

4. **Defense:** Linear settlements can also offer defensive advantages, as the linear shape allows for easier defense against potential threats. By positioning the settlement along a natural or man-made barrier like a river or road, it becomes easier to defend against attacks from one direction.

5. **Topography:** The topography of the land may also influence the development of linear settlements. For example, settlements may follow the contours of a valley or a ridge, taking advantage of natural features for shelter or protection.

6. **Accessibility:** Linear settlements offer better accessibility to the surrounding areas compared to circular or square settlements. With a linear shape, it is easier for people living in these settlements to travel to neighboring villages, towns, or cities.

Overall, the linear shape of settlements that develop along roads, rivers, and other linear features is a result of various factors such as transportation, trade, water resources, defense, topography, and accessibility. This form of settlement allows for better connectivity and access to resources, making it a preferred choice for human habitation.

The slums of the urban areas lack
  • a)
    social interaction.
  • b)
    access to education.
  • c)
    basic amenities.
  • d)
    right to vote.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Goyal answered
There are large rural areas and the slums in the urban areas that do not have basic amenities like potable water, education and health infrastructure available to a majority of population.

What were the reasons due to which the 8th Five Year Plan got delayed?
  • a)
    Political instability
  • b)
    Liberalisation
  • c)
    Democratisation
  • d)
    Both (A) and (B)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Krish Sharma answered
The 8th Five Year Plan in India, which covered the period from 1992 to 1997, faced a significant delay due to a combination of political instability and liberalization measures introduced by the government. Both factors played a crucial role in the postponement of the plan's implementation.

1. Political Instability:
- During the early 1990s, India witnessed a period of political instability and frequent changes in government. This instability was primarily caused by coalition politics, with no single party enjoying a clear majority in the parliament.
- The frequent changes in government led to a lack of continuity and consistency in policy-making and planning. Each new government had its own priorities and agendas, which often resulted in delays and disruptions in the implementation of the Five Year Plan.
- The political instability also affected the decision-making process and coordination between different departments and ministries, further contributing to the delay in the plan's execution.

2. Liberalization:
- The 8th Five Year Plan coincided with the introduction of economic reforms and liberalization measures in India. The government initiated these reforms to open up the Indian economy, attract foreign investment, and stimulate growth.
- The liberalization measures included the dismantling of the license raj, reduction of trade barriers, and deregulation of various sectors. These changes aimed to promote competition, efficiency, and private sector participation in the economy.
- However, the process of liberalization required careful planning and coordination to ensure a smooth transition. The government had to reorient its policies and strategies to adapt to the changing economic landscape.
- The introduction of liberalization measures and the associated policy changes required additional time and resources, leading to delays in finalizing and implementing the 8th Five Year Plan.

In conclusion, the delay in the implementation of the 8th Five Year Plan can be attributed to the combination of political instability and the introduction of liberalization measures. The frequent changes in government and the need to adapt to the new economic reforms created significant challenges and disruptions in the planning and execution of the plan.

The richest mineral belt in India is the
  • a)
    north-eastern plateaus.
  • b)
    south-western plateaus.
  • c)
    north-western region.
  • d)
    Himalayan region.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Aryan Chavan answered
The Chhotanagpur plateau is indeed the single richest mineral belt of India. Also, it is one of the richest mineral containing area in the whole world. Chhotanagpur plateau has frequently been called the Ruhr of India after a similar mineral-rich area of that name (Ruhr) in Germany. Coal, iron ore, limestone bauxite and copper are the principle products of this belt.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between the area under actual forest cover and the area classified as forest in land revenue records?
  • a)
    Actual forest cover is always larger than the designated forest area.
  • b)
    The designated forest area can increase without a corresponding increase in actual forest cover.
  • c)
    Actual forest cover and designated forest area are always the same.
  • d)
    The government does not classify any land as forest unless it has actual trees.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Learning Educators answered
The designated forest area refers to the land that the government has identified and demarcated for forest growth, while actual forest cover refers specifically to land that is currently covered by trees. It is possible for the designated forest area to increase even if the actual forest cover remains unchanged, highlighting the distinction between governmental classifications and ecological realities. Understanding this difference is crucial for effective forest management and conservation efforts. Interestingly, the concept of forest management often involves not just conservation but also the sustainable use of forest resources, aiming to balance ecological health with economic needs.

Indira Gandhi Canal originates from the
  • a)
    Harike barrage.
  • b)
    Bhakra dam.
  • c)
    Kosi barrage.
  • d)
    Gobind sagar dam.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sarthak Joshi answered
The canal originates at Harike barrage in Punjab and runs parallel to Pakistan border at an average distance of 40 km in Thar Desert of Rajasthan. It was conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1948, the canal project was launched on 31 March, 1958.

The body managing Indian air ports is
  • a)
    Indian Air Port Authority.
  • b)
    Airport Authority of India.
  • c)
    Airport Managing Committee.
  • d)
    Indian Airways Authority.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ishani Gupta answered
The Airports Authority of India (AAI) was formed on 1st April 1995 by merging the International Airports Authority of India and the National Airports Authority with a view to accelerate the integrated development, expansion and modernization of the operational, terminal and cargo facilities at the airports in the country conforming to international standards.

Which is the last point of HBJ pipeline in Northern India?
  • a)
    Shahajahnpur
  • b)
    Jagdishpur
  • c)
    Babrala
  • d)
    Agra
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Saumya Pillai answered
HBJ pipeline has been constructed by Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) to transport gas. It is 1,750 km long and connects Hazira in Maharashtra to Bijapur in M.P. and Jagdishpur in U.P.

Which is the state with the largest concentration of Christians in India?
  • a)
    Goa
  • b)
    Gujarat
  • c)
    Kerala
  • d)
    Karnataka
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anisha Chopra answered
Chistians are mostly concentrated inrural areas of Kerala, Goa and in the hills of Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur and Chotanagpur area.

Chapter doubts & questions for Class 12 India - People and Economy - NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) 2025 is part of CTET & State TET exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the CTET & State TET exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for CTET & State TET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

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