All questions of CTET Full Mock Test Paper 2 (Science & Mathematics) for CTET & State TET Exam

Directions: Identify the compound sentence.
  • a)
    He is too tired to walk.
  • b)
    After he had done the sums, he went to bed.
  • c)
    As she worked hard, she completed the work.
  • d)
    The farmer was old and he could not plough the field himself.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Aparna Kapoor answered
Compound Sentence Identification Explanation:

Explanation:
A compound sentence is a sentence that contains at least two independent clauses. In a compound sentence, these independent clauses can stand alone as separate sentences. Let's analyze the given options to identify the compound sentence:
- Option 'A': "He is too tired to walk." This is a simple sentence with only one independent clause.
- Option 'B': "After he had done the sums, he went to bed." This is a complex sentence with a dependent clause ("After he had done the sums") and an independent clause ("he went to bed").
- Option 'C': "As she worked hard, she completed the work." This is a complex sentence with a dependent clause ("As she worked hard") and an independent clause ("she completed the work").
- Option 'D': "The farmer was old and he could not plough the field himself." This is a compound sentence as it contains two independent clauses: "The farmer was old" and "he could not plough the field himself."
Therefore, the compound sentence in the given options is option 'D'. The presence of two independent clauses ("The farmer was old" and "he could not plough the field himself") connected by the coordinating conjunction "and" makes it a compound sentence.

The order of learning language skills in the Direct Method of Language Teaching is:
  • a)
    Speaking, reading, listening, writing
  • b)
    Reading, writing, listening, speaking
  • c)
    Listening, reading, writing, speaking
  • d)
    Listening, speaking, reading, writing
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

The Direct Method emphasizes the use of the target language in the classroom and focuses on developing oral proficiency.
  • In this method, the learning process starts with listening, as students are exposed to authentic spoken language in the target language.
  • They then move on to speaking, practicing and producing the language through oral communication activities.
  • Reading skills are introduced next, allowing students to comprehend written texts in the target language.
  • Finally, writing skills are developed, enabling students to express themselves in written form.
  • This sequence reflects the natural progression of language acquisition, mirroring the way children acquire their first language.
  • By prioritizing listening and speaking at the early stages, the Direct Method aims to develop communicative competence and fluency before moving on to reading and writing, which involve more complex language structures and skills.
Hence , it is clear that the order of learning language skills in the Direct Method of Language Teaching is Listening, speaking, reading, writing.

Direction: Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions.
Initiatives such as “4 per mille” and Terraton aim to sequester huge amounts of carbon in the soil. The 2018 U.S. Farm Bill includes the first-ever incentives for farmers to adopt practices aimed at improving soil health and sequestering carbon. But these initiatives are missing a key point: not all soil carbon is the same.
The very different lifetimes of particulate organic matter and mineral-associated organic matter have important implications for these efforts. For example, adding low-quality crop residues to agricultural fields would likely create more particulate organic matter than mineral-associated organic matter. This could increase soil carbon in the short term - but if that field later is disturbed by tilling, a lot of it would decompose and the benefit would be quickly reversed. The best practices focus on building up the mineral-associated organic matter for longer-term carbon storage, while also producing high-quality particulate organic matter with lots of nitrogen to help boost crop productivity.
Natural healthy soils show us that providing continuous and diverse plant inputs that reach all the way to deep soil is key for achieving both high mineral-associated organic matter storage and particulate organic matter recycling. There are many promising ways to do this, such as maintaining plant cover on fields year-round; growing diverse crops that include high-nitrogen legumes and perennials with deep roots; and minimizing tillage.
However, not all soils can accumulate both mineral-associated organic matter and particulate organic matter. Before implementing any management practices for carbon sequestration, participants should first assess the carbon storage potential of the local soil, much as a doctor studies a patient before prescribing a cure. Sequestering soil carbon effectively requires an understanding of how particulate organic matter and mineral-associated organic matter work, how human actions affect them, and how to build up both types to meet our planet’s climate and food security needs.
Q. What will happen if we add low-quality crop residues to the agricultural field?
  • a)
    It will help the soil to sequester more carbon in the atmosphere.
  • b)
    It will create more particulate organic matter than mineral-based organic matter in the soil.
  • c)
    It will create more mineral-associated organic matter than particulate organic matter.
  • d)
    It will help the high diversity crops to grow better.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
For example, adding low-quality crop residues to agricultural fields would likely create more particulate organic matter than mineral-associated organic matter. 

Floor of a square room of side 10 m is to be completely covered with square tiles, each having length 50 cm. The smallest number of tiles needed is
  • a)
    250
  • b)
    324
  • c)
    400
  • d)
    520
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Gupta answered
Calculation:
Area of square room
= (10)2 = 100 sq m = 100 × (100)2 sq cm
= 100 × 100 × 100 sq cm
Now, area of tile
= (50)2 = 50 × 50 sq cm
∴ Number of tiles needed
= Area of square room/Area of tile

Directions: Study the following pie chart carefully and answer the questions.
The pie chart given below shows the percentage distribution of the total number of male faculties in six different schools.
Total male faculties in all schools together = 8400

What is the average of total number of male faculties in school A, C and F?
  • a)
    1466
  • b)
    1456
  • c)
    1686
  • d)
    1256
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Given:
Male faculties in scool A = 10%, school C = 24% and school F = 18%
Calculation:
Male faculties in 
School A = 8400 × 10/100 = 840
School C = 8400 × 24/100 = 2016
School F = 8400 × 18/100 = 1512
Average = (840 + 2016 + 1512)/3 = 1456
∴ The average of total number of male faculties in school A, C and F is 1456.

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question. (choose the most appropriate answers)
When another old cave is discovered in the South France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals , such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals. Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex. Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed to the destructive action of water and temperature changes, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances, air movement has also damaged the images inside, Although they are not out in the open air, where natural light would have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recognizable. To prevent further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23 years after it was discovered.
Q. The underlined word ‘ However’ is used in the sentence as :
  • a)
    adjective
  • b)
    preposition
  • c)
    adverb
  • d)
    exclamation
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Let's discuss the marked option first; i.e. 'Adverb':
  • Adverbs are used to add more information about a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a clause or a whole sentence.
    E.g. - very tall (modifying adjective 'tall'), ended too quickly (modifying another adverb 'quickly), Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella (modifying the whole sentence).
  • However (adverb): despite what has been said earlier
    Ex: This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others. ('however' is modifying the whole clause 'This is one possible solution to the problem')
  • Similarly, in the given question sentence, 'however' adds information to the previous sentence 'Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them'.
Therefore, the correct part of speech of the asked word is 'Adverb'.
(Option 3) is the correct answer.

A tightly structured lesson of Physics if taught with little flexibility is least conducive to the learning of the student who
  • a)
    has an IQ of 125
  • b)
    is culturally disadvantaged
  • c)
    has an IQ of 85
  • d)
    is hyperactive
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
It is a process which is explicitly and systematically designed to ensure that the learners accomplish the instructional objectives. The purpose of instruction is to improve performance. Hyperactive students find it difficult to concentrate for a long time. They need freedom to learn in short spans. Hyperactive students need to be consistently active because of their inability to concentrate and impulsive behaviour.

Direction: ​Read the given passages carefully and answer the question that follows.
Everything that men do or think concerns either the satisfaction of the needs they feel or the need to escape from pain. This must be kept in mind when we seek to understand spiritual or intellectual movements and the way in which they develop, for feeling and longing are the motive forces of all human striving and productivity – however nobly these latter may display themselves to us.
What, then, are the feelings and the needs which have brought mankind to religious thought and to faith in the widest sense? A moment’s consideration shows that the most varied emotions stand at the cradle of religious thought and experience.
In primitive people, it is, first of all, fear that awakens religious ideas – fear of hunger, of wild animals, of illness, and of death. Since the understanding of causal connections is usually limited on this level of existence, the human soul forges a being, more or less like itself, on whose will and activities depend the experiences which it fears. One hopes to win the favor of this being, by deeds and sacrifices, which according to the tradition of the race are supposed to appease the being or to make him well disposed to man. I call this the religion of fear.
This religion is considerably established, though not caused, by the formation of priestly caste which claims to mediate between the people and the being they fear and so attains a position of power. Often a leader or despot will combine the function of the priesthood with its own temporal rule for the sake of greater security, or an alliance may exist between the interests of political power and the priestly caste.
Q. “Human soul forges a being” means:
  • a)
    That ghosts and witches are a creation of the human mind
  • b)
    That the concept of God is a creation of the human mind
  • c)
    Both (A) and (B)
  • d)
    Neither (A) nor (B)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
According to the line given in the passage, Since the understanding of causal connections is usually limited on this level of existence, the human soul forges a being, more or less like itself, on whose will and activities depend on the experiences which it fears.
'forges' means "create something strong or successful".
Here, the speaker says that human has forged something in his mind which is similar to himself most probably his fears. The concept of God is a creation of the human mind- this sentence is correct because 'God' is one of the fears of a human mind which is mentioned in the passage.
The First statement 'that ghosts and witches are a creation of the human mind'- this statement is also correct because of the phrase causal connections.

Match the column I with column II
  • a)
    a) ii, b) i, c ) iv ,d) iii
  • b)
    a) i, b) ii, c ) iii , d) iv
  • c)
    a) iii ,b) iv, c) i , d) ii
  • d)
    a) i, b) iii, c)ii , d) iv
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Contact  and Non-contact forces:
  • The force between two bodies when they are physically in contact is called contact force.
    Examples: muscular force, frictional force, etc.
  • The force between the two bodies which are not in physical contact between the two objects is called non-contact force.
    Examples: magnetic force, electrostatic force, gravitational force, etc.
  • The force which acts on the holding bucket is due to the gravitational force.
  • The force of interaction that occurs between two charges is called electrostatic charge. It is a non-contact force.
  • The force applied to move a body away from us is called Push. E.g. Moving a box on a table.
  • The force which results due to the action of muscles is called muscular force. E.g. walking, running, squeezing a lemon.
 So, the correct answer is : a) iii ,b) iv, c) i, d) ii.

Determinants of individual differences in human beings relate to which of the following?
  • a)
    Differences in environment
  • b)
    Differences in heredity
  • c)
    Both heredity and environment interacting separately 
  • d)
    Interaction between heredity and environment
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Isha Sinha answered


Interaction between Heredity and Environment

Individual differences in human beings are influenced by a complex interplay between heredity and environment. Both factors contribute significantly to shaping an individual's characteristics, behaviors, and capabilities. Here is how they interact:

Heredity:
- Heredity refers to the genetic information passed down from parents to offspring.
- It determines traits such as eye color, height, and certain predispositions to diseases.
- Genetic factors also play a role in intelligence, personality traits, and other psychological characteristics.

Environment:
- The environment includes all external influences on an individual, such as family, peers, school, culture, and socioeconomic status.
- Environmental factors can affect physical health, mental well-being, cognitive development, and social skills.
- The quality of the environment, including nurturing, education, and opportunities, can have a profound impact on an individual's growth and development.

Interaction between Heredity and Environment:
- It is essential to understand that heredity and environment do not act independently but interact dynamically.
- Genes can influence how individuals respond to their environment and how their environment shapes genetic expression.
- For example, a child may inherit a genetic predisposition for a certain disease, but environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle choices can either exacerbate or mitigate the risk.
- Similarly, a person's genetic makeup may influence their temperament, but environmental experiences can also play a significant role in shaping personality traits.

In conclusion, individual differences in human beings are a result of the complex interplay between heredity and environment. Both factors contribute to the uniqueness of each individual, and understanding their interaction is crucial for promoting optimal development and well-being.

As per the vision statement of NCF 2005, School Mathematics does not take place in a situation, where children
  • a)
    learn to enjoy Mathematics
  • b)
    see Mathematics as a part of their daily life experience
  • c)
    pose and solve meaningful problems
  • d)
    memorise formulae and algorithms
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sameer Kapoor answered
The vision statement of NCF 2005 (National Curriculum Framework) for School Mathematics emphasizes the importance of creating a learning environment where children do not merely memorize formulas and algorithms, but instead, they develop a deeper understanding of mathematics and its applications in their daily lives.

Explanation of the answer:
The correct answer to this question is option 'D', which states that School Mathematics does not take place in a situation where children memorize formulas and algorithms. This choice aligns with the vision statement of NCF 2005, which emphasizes a more holistic approach to mathematics education.

Explanation of the vision statement:
The vision statement of NCF 2005 promotes a learner-centered approach to mathematics education. It seeks to move away from the traditional approach of rote memorization and focus on building conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and an appreciation for the subject.

Key points from the vision statement:

1. Learning to enjoy Mathematics: The vision statement emphasizes the importance of creating a positive and enjoyable learning environment for children. It encourages teachers to use various teaching strategies, activities, and resources to make mathematics engaging and interesting for students. The goal is to instill a love for mathematics and remove any fear or anxiety associated with the subject.

2. Mathematics as a part of daily life experience: The vision statement emphasizes the need to connect mathematics to real-life situations and experiences. It encourages teachers to help students understand the relevance and applicability of mathematics in their daily lives. This can be done by incorporating real-life examples, problem-solving activities, and hands-on experiences in the teaching of mathematics.

3. Pose and solve meaningful problems: The vision statement emphasizes the importance of problem-solving in mathematics education. It encourages teachers to provide students with opportunities to pose and solve meaningful problems, both in and outside the classroom. This helps students develop critical thinking, logical reasoning, and analytical skills.

4. Memorize formulas and algorithms: The vision statement discourages the practice of rote memorization of formulas and algorithms without understanding their underlying concepts. It emphasizes the need for students to develop a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts and relationships. Instead of focusing solely on memorization, the emphasis is on building conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills.

In conclusion, the vision statement of NCF 2005 encourages a shift from rote memorization to a more holistic and meaningful approach to mathematics education. It promotes the idea that School Mathematics should not be a situation where children only memorize formulas and algorithms, but rather a learning environment where they learn to enjoy mathematics, see it as a part of their daily life experience, and pose and solve meaningful problems.

The value of a machine depreciates at the rate of 10% per year. It was purchased three years ago. If its present value is Rs. 1,45,800, then for how much was it purchased?
  • a)
    Rs. 1,75,800
  • b)
    Rs. 1,80,000
  • c)
    Rs. 2,00,000
  • d)
    Rs. 2,10,000
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anaya Patel answered
Given information:

The machine depreciates at a rate of 10% per year. It was purchased three years ago, and its present value is Rs. 1,45,800.

Calculating the original purchase price:

To find out the original purchase price, we need to calculate the current value of the machine by applying the depreciation rate for three years.

Let's assume the original purchase price of the machine is x.

After the first year, the value of the machine will be 90% of x, which is 0.9x.
After the second year, the value of the machine will further decrease to 90% of 0.9x, which is 0.9 * 0.9x = 0.81x.
After the third year, the value of the machine will decrease to 90% of 0.81x, which is 0.9 * 0.81x = 0.729x.

Given that the present value of the machine is Rs. 1,45,800, we can set up the following equation:

0.729x = 1,45,800

Solving the equation:

To solve the equation, divide both sides by 0.729:

x = 1,45,800 / 0.729

x ≈ Rs. 2,00,000

Therefore, the machine was purchased for Rs. 2,00,000.

Which among the following are the parameters for measuring the validity of a test?
(A) Construct
(B) Stability
(C) Criterion
(D) Content
  • a)
    A, B only
  • b)
    A, B, C
  • c)
    A, C, D
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
To have confidence that a test is valid, and thus the inferences we make based on the test scores are valid, three kinds of validity evidence are:
Construct- It is the extent to which the content of the test matches the instructional objectives.
Criterion- It is the extent to which scores on the test are in agreement with or predict an external criterion.
Content- It is the extent to which an assessment corresponds to other variables, as predicted by some rationale or theory.

Directions: Select the most appropriate option.
Which of the following is a critique of theory of multiple intelligences?
  • a)
    Multiple intelligences are only the 'talents' present in intelligence as a whole.
  • b)
    Multiple intelligences provide students to discover their propensities.
  • c)
    It overemphasises practical intelligence.
  • d)
    It cannot be supported by empirical evidence at all.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
The theory of multiple intelligences is a theory of intelligence that differentiates it into specific (primarily sensory) "modalities", rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences has attracted controversy and criticism. 'Multiple intelligences are only the 'talents' present in intelligence as a whole' is one of the criticisms of this theory.
Hence, option 1 is correct.

cos 12º + cos 84º + cos 132º + cos 156º =
  • a)
    (-1)/4
  • b)
    (-1)/2
  • c)
    1/4
  • d)
    1/2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
cos 132º + cos 12º + cos 156º + cos 84º
= 2 cos 72º cos 60º + 2 cos 120º cos 36º

= - (1/2)
The value of cos 12º + cos 84º + cos 132º + cos 156º = -(1/2)

In Geometry, a student is able to make predictions and formulate a hypothesis accordingly. In which level according to Bloom's taxonomy this student is?
  • a)
    Analysis
  • b)
    Evaluation
  • c)
    Synthesis
  • d)
    Application
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Om Singhania answered
Explanation:

Level according to Bloom's Taxonomy:

Synthesis
- In Bloom's Taxonomy, synthesis is the level where students are able to make predictions, formulate hypotheses, and create new ideas based on existing information.
- When a student in Geometry is able to make predictions and formulate a hypothesis accordingly, they are demonstrating the ability to synthesize information.
- This level of thinking involves taking information from various sources, analyzing it, and then creating something new or making predictions based on that analysis.
- Therefore, the student in this scenario would be operating at the synthesis level according to Bloom's Taxonomy.

The diagonal of a rectangle is 17 cm and its area is 120 cm2. The perimeter of the rectangle is ____
  • a)
    23 cm
  • b)
    32 cm
  • c)
    30 cm
  • d)
    46 cm
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Gupta answered
Given:
The diagonal of a rectangle = 17 cm
The area of the rectangle = 120 cm2
Formula used:
The diagonal of a rectangle = √(Length2 + Width2)
The area of a rectangle = Length × Width
The perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (Length + Width)
Calculation:
Let, the length of the rectangle = L
The width of the rectangle = W
Then, L × W = 120   .....(1)
Also, √(L2 + W2) = 17
⇒ (L2 + W2) = 172  [Squaring on both sides]
⇒ (L2 + W2) = 289
⇒ (L + W)2 - 2 × L × W = 289  [By using a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 - 2ab formula]
⇒ (L + W)2 - 2 × 120 = 289  [From the equation (1), L × W = 120]
⇒ (L + W)2 - 240 = 289
⇒ (L + W)2 = 289 + 240
⇒ (L + W)2 = 529
⇒ (L + W) = √529  [Taking square root of both sides]
⇒ (L + W) = 23   .....(2)
Now, The perimeter of the rectangle = 2 (L + W)
= 2 × 23  [∵ (L + W) = 23]
= 46 cm
∴ The perimeter of the rectangle is 46 cm.

Which of the following statements is not true ?
  • a)
    Growth is a biological process.
  • b)
    Education is a goal-oriented process.
  • c)
    Learning is a process of behavioural changes.
  • d)
    Development is a quantitative process.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Growth is the expansion of some object, institution or population which is measurable and is always quantitative whereas development is related to qualitative improvement. Qualitative differences focus on changes in the way children think, behave, and perceive the world differently as they mature.
Hence statement 4 is not true.

How many times be a solution of pH = 3 diluted to get a solution of pH = 6?
  • a)
    2
  • b)
    10
  • c)
    100
  • d)
    1000
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kavya Sharma answered
To understand why the correct answer is option 'D', let's break down the problem step by step.

1. pH Scale:
The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, where 0 is highly acidic, 7 is neutral, and 14 is highly alkaline. Each unit on the pH scale represents a tenfold difference in acidity or alkalinity.

2. pH and Hydrogen Ion Concentration:
pH is calculated based on the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of H+ ions, and the more acidic the solution. The higher the pH, the lower the concentration of H+ ions, and the more alkaline the solution.

3. Dilution and pH:
When a solution is diluted, the concentration of H+ ions decreases. This means that the pH of the solution will increase. Dilution has the effect of reducing the acidity of a solution.

4. Relationship between pH Values:
To determine how many times a solution of pH 3 must be diluted to reach a pH of 6, we need to consider the difference in hydrogen ion concentration between the two solutions.

- pH 3 has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^(-3) moles per liter (M).
- pH 6 has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^(-6) M.

To reach a pH of 6 from pH 3, the concentration of H+ ions needs to decrease by a factor of 10^3. This means that the solution needs to be diluted 1000 times.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - 1000.

Which of the following is a myth about the nature of science?
  • a)
    Science is a creative endeavor
  • b)
    A hypothesis is an educated guess.
  • c)
    The way to learn Science is to do Science
  • d)
    Science is a composite discipline
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
‘Science’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘scientia’ which means ‘knowing’. In order to present the nature of Science to learners, a teacher can keep in mind that McComos (1998) proposed 15 incorrect ideas about Science. A myth about the Nature of Science:
  • A hypothesis becomes theories that in turn become laws.
  • Scientific laws and other such ideas are absolute.
  • A hypothesis is an educated guess.
  • A general and universal scientific method exists.
  • Evidence accumulated carefully will result in sure knowledge.
  • Science and its methods provide absolute proof.
However, science is a creative endeavor, way to learn science is to do science and science is a composite discipline are true statements about nature of science. 

In the given figure l ∥ m ∥ n, the value of x is 
  • a)
    80° 
  • b)
    70° 
  • c)
    60° 
  • d)
    50° 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Given:
l ∥ m ∥ n
Concept used: 
Sum of interior angles of a triangle = 180° 
Calculation:

⇒ ∠ABC = 180° - 120° = 60° 
⇒ ∠ACB = 180° - ∠A - ∠ABC
⇒ ∠ACB = 180° - 70° - 60°
⇒ ∠ACB = 50°
⇒ ∠x = ∠ACB [Corresponding angles]
⇒ ∠x = 50°
∴ The value of x is 50°. 

Direction: Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention.
The big fuss about consensus management is an issue that boils down to a lot of noise about not much. The consensus advocates are great admirers of the Japanese management style. Consensus is what Japan is famous for. Well, I know the Japanese fairly well: They still remember Douglas MacArthur with respect, and they still bow down to their Emperor. In my dealings with them, I found that they talk a lot about consensus, but there's always one guy behind the scenes who ends up making the tough decisions. It doesn't make sense to me to think that Mr. Toyoda or Mr. Morita of Sony sits around in committee meetings and says, "We've got to get everybody in this organization, from the janitor up, to agree with this move". The Japanese believe in their workers' involvement early on in the decision-making process and in feedback from employees. And they probably listen better than we do. But you can bet that when the chips are down, the yen stops at the top guy's desk. So, we're wasting time trying toDirection: Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention.
The big fuss about consensus management is an issue that boils down to a lot of noise about not much. The consensus advocates are great admirers of the Japanese management style. Consensus is what Japan is famous for. Well, I know the Japanese fairly well: They still remember Douglas MacArthur with respect, and they still bow down to their Emperor. In my dealings with them, I found that they talk a lot about consensus, but there's always one guy behind the scenes who ends up making the tough decisions. It doesn't make sense to me to think that Mr. Toyoda or Mr. Morita of Sony sits around in committee meetings and says, "We've got to get everybody in this organization, from the janitor up, to agree with this move". The Japanese believe in their workers' involvement early on in the decision-making process and in feedback from employees. And they probably listen better than we do. But you can bet that when the chips are down, the yen stops at the top guy's desk. So, we're wasting time trying to emulate something I don't think really exists.
Business structures are microcosms of other structures. There were no corporations in the fifteenth century. But there were families. There were city governments, provinces, and armies. There was the Church. All of them had, for lack of a better word, a pecking order.
Why? Because that's the only way you can steer clear of anarchy. Otherwise, you'll have somebody come in one morning and tell you: "Yesterday I got tired of painting red convertibles, so today I switched to all baby-blues on my own". You'll never get anything done right that way.
What's to admire about consensus management anyway? By its very nature, it's slow. It can never be daring. There can never be real accountability - or flexibility. About the only plus that I've been able to figure out is that consensus management means consistency of direction and objectives. And so much consistency can become faceless, and that's a problem too. In any event, I don't think it can work in this country. The fun of business for entrepreneurs, big or small, lies in the free enterprise system, not in the greatest agreement by the greatest number.
Business structures are microcosms of other structures. There were no corporations in the fifteenth century. But there were families. There were city governments, provinces, and armies. There was the Church. All of them had, for lack of a better word, a pecking order.
Why? Because that's the only way you can steer clear of anarchy. Otherwise, you'll have somebody come in one morning and tell you: "Yesterday I got tired of painting red convertibles, so today I switched to all baby-blues on my own". You'll never get anything done right that way.
What's to admire about consensus management anyway? By its very nature, it's slow. It can never be daring. There can never be real accountability - or flexibility. About the only plus that I've been able to figure out is that consensus management means consistency of direction and objectives. And so much consistency can become faceless, and that's a problem too. In any event, I don't think it can work in this country. The fun of business for entrepreneurs, big or small, lies in the free enterprise system, not in the greatest agreement by the greatest number.
Q. Which of the following is true as per the given passage?
  • a)
    The author suggests that the Japanese practice consensus management in letter and spirit
  • b)
    Consensus management is a very daring practice
  • c)
    According to the author, consensus management cannot work in India
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Dia Mehta answered
Reading the passage we find that:
'To do something in letter and spirit' means 'to follow the rules surrounding it and their intentions completely' and nowhere in the entire passage does the author ask the Japanese to practise consensus management. Thus, Option (A) is incorrect.
The last paragraph states: 'What's to admire about consensus management anyway? By its very nature, it's slow. It can never be daring.' Thus, Option (B) is also incorrect.
Nowhere in the passage does the author talk about 'India' or about 'Japan's army'. Which shows that Option (C) and (D) are incorrect.
Thus, it is clear that the first four options are factually incorrect as they completely disregard what's been said in the passage.

Language of mathematics learned in school should be interlinked with everyday speech because
  • a)
    It will help children in good interpersonal skills
  • b)
    It makes children highly motivated
  • c)
    It develops deep understanding of the subject
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
The language of mathematics refers to the language used to express mathematical thoughts and ideas. It makes learners able to assimilate mathematical terms, reason logically, and recognize and employ patterns of mathematical thought. The language of mathematics learned in school should be interlinked with everyday speech because it develops a deep understanding of the subject.
The main characteristics of mathematical language are
  • the simplicity of the concepts so that the learner can easily understand them.
  • accuracy is also needed in mathematics so that students can learn to commit fewer mistakes and be accurate in doing calculations.
  • through precision, students learn exactly how to use formulas and under what situations these formulas are correct.
Hence, we conclude that the language of mathematics learned in school should be interlinked with everyday speech because it develops a deep understanding of the subject.

निर्देश: निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर उसके आधार पर दिए गए प्रश्नों) के उत्तर के लिए सबसे उचित विकल्प चुनिए :
विनम्रता का यह कथन बहुत ठीक है कि विनम्रता के बिना स्वतंत्रता का कोई अर्थ नहीं। इस बात को सब लोग मानते हैं कि आत्मसंस्कार के लिए थोड़ी बहुत मानसिक स्वतंत्रता परमावश्यक है – चाहे उस स्वतंत्रता में अभिमान और नम्रता दोनों का मेल हो और चाहे वह नम्रता ही से उत्पन्न हो। यह बात तो निश्चित है कि जो मनुष्य मर्यादापूर्वक जीवन व्यतीत करना चाहता है उसके लिए वह गुण अनिवार्य है, जिससे आत्मनिर्भरता आती है और जिससे अपने पैरों के बल खड़ा होना आता है। युवा को यह सदा स्मरण रखना चाहिए कि वह बहुत कम बातें जानता है, अपने ही आदर्श से वह बहुत नीचे है और उसकी आकांक्षाएँ उसकी योग्यता से कहीं बढ़ी हुई हैं। उसे इस बात का ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि वह अपने बड़ों का सम्मान करे, छोटे और बराबर वालों से कोमलता का व्यवहार करे, ये बातें आत्म-मर्यादा के लिए आवश्यक हैं। यह सारा संसार, जो कुछ हम हैं और जो कुछ हमारा है – हमारा शरीर, हमारी आत्मा, - हमारे कर्म, हमारे भोग, हमारे घर और बाहर की दशा हमारे बहुत से अवगुण, और थोड़े गुण सब इसी बात की आवश्यकता प्रकट करते हैं कि हमें अपनी आत्मा को नम्र रखना चाहिए। नम्रता से मेरा अभिप्राय दब्बूपन से नहीं है जिसके कारण मनुष्य दूसरों का मुँह ताकता है जिससे उसका संकल्प क्षीण और उसकी प्रज्ञा मंद हो जाती है, जिसके कारण बढ़ने के समय भी पीछे रहता है और अवसर पड़ने पर झट से किसी बात का निर्णय नहीं कर सकता। मनुष्य का बेड़ा उसके अपने ही हाथ में है, उसे वह चाहे जिधर ले जाए। सच्ची आत्मा वही है जो प्रत्येक दशा में प्रत्येक स्थिति के बीच अपनी राह आप निकालती है।
Q. आत्म-मर्यादा के लिए आवश्यक है -
  • a)
    अपने से बड़ों का सम्मान करना तथा छोटों और बराबर वालों से कोमलतापूर्वक व्यवहार करना
  • b)
    अपनी मर्यादा में रहना
  • c)
    विनम्रता का व्यवहार करना
  • d)
    अपनी आत्मा को नम्र रखना ।
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Varun Sengupta answered
Explanation:

Context:
The given question is related to the concept of Direct and Indirect Speech.

Answer:
The correct answer to the question is option 'A'.

Explanation:
In Direct Speech, the exact words spoken by a person are enclosed in quotation marks. In this case, the dash indicates the start of the direct speech. Therefore, the text following the dash should be considered as part of the direct speech.
In the given sentence, the text after the dash is enclosed in quotation marks which indicates that it is a direct speech. Hence, the correct way to write this sentence in reported speech would be to remove the quotation marks and change the reporting verb to past tense.
Therefore, option 'A' is the correct answer as it correctly changes the direct speech to reported speech.

Conclusion:
Understanding the rules of Direct and Indirect Speech is crucial for converting sentences accurately from one form to another. In this case, recognizing the use of quotation marks and changing the reporting verb to past tense are key factors in determining the correct answer.

A wire is in the form of a square with side 66 cm. If it is bent into a circle, then what is the radius of the circle?
  • a)
    42
  • b)
    36
  • c)
    45
  • d)
    33
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Given:
A wire is in the shape of a square of side 66 cm
Formula Used:
The perimeter of a Square = 4 × Side
The perimeter of a Circle = 2πr
Calculation:
According to the question,
Perimeter of Square = Perimeter of Circle
⇒ 4 × 66 = 2 × (22/7) × r
⇒ 2 × 3 = r/7
⇒ r = 42 cm
∴ The radius of the circle is 42 cm.

Absenteeism can be stopped by
  • a)
    teaching
  • b)
    punishing the students
  • c)
    giving them sweets
  • d)
    contacting the parents
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Teaching as a Solution to Absenteeism:
Teaching is the most effective way to address absenteeism among students. Here's why:

Engagement:
- By making the lessons interesting and interactive, teachers can keep students engaged and motivated to attend classes regularly.
- Incorporating hands-on activities, group projects, and real-life examples can make learning more enjoyable for students.

Relevance:
- Teachers can make the content relevant to students' lives by connecting it to their interests, experiences, and future goals.
- Showing the practical applications of what they are learning can help students see the value of attending classes.

Support:
- Teachers can provide additional support to students who are struggling with attendance issues by offering extra help, counseling, or resources.
- Building a positive and supportive relationship with students can encourage them to come to school regularly.

Responsibility:
- By instilling a sense of responsibility in students towards their education, teachers can help them understand the importance of attending classes and being present in school.
- Setting clear expectations and holding students accountable for their attendance can promote a sense of ownership and commitment.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, teaching plays a crucial role in addressing absenteeism among students. By creating engaging, relevant, and supportive learning environments, teachers can help promote regular attendance and ensure that students are actively participating in their education.

Which of the following statements is/are NOT correct?
I. Force per unit volume is called pressure.
II. Liquids can exert pressure on walls of containers.
III. Force acting on an object can cause a change in it state of motion but not its shape.
  • a)
    Only I and II
  • b)
    Only III
  • c)
    I, II and III
  • d)
    Only I and III
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
  • Force acting on a unit area is called pressure.
  • The pressure increases with increasing depth.
  • This is due to the water up above weighing down on the water below.
  • Liquid pressure increases as depth increases.
  • The pressure is greater on the lower surfaces of the body than on the upper surfaces as the pressure in a fluid increases with depth.
  • Pressure and depth are directly proportional to each other.

Characteristic of simplicity relates to which of the following?
  • a)
    Moral value
  • b)
    Practical value
  • c)
    Cultural value
  • d)
    Disciplinary value
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Om Singhania answered
The characteristic of simplicity relates to the disciplinary value.

Simplicity is a characteristic that is valued and emphasized in various disciplines and fields of study. It refers to the quality of being straightforward, uncomplicated, and easy to understand. Simplicity is often seen as a desirable trait because it promotes clarity, efficiency, and effectiveness in different areas of life.

In the context of disciplines such as science, mathematics, and engineering, simplicity is highly valued. The principle of Occam's razor, for example, states that the simplest explanation is often the best explanation. In scientific research, simplicity is often sought after in theories and models, as it allows for easier understanding and application. In mathematics, simplicity is valued in the form of elegant and concise proofs and solutions. In engineering, simplicity is key to creating efficient and reliable designs.

Simplicity is also valued in other fields, such as literature, art, and design. In literature, simplicity in writing style and storytelling can enhance the reader's experience and make the message more accessible. In art and design, simplicity can create visually appealing and impactful works. Minimalism, for example, is a style that emphasizes simplicity and eliminates unnecessary elements in order to convey a clear and powerful message.

Furthermore, simplicity is often valued in personal and professional contexts. In personal life, simplicity can lead to a balanced and fulfilling lifestyle, free from unnecessary complexity and stress. In the workplace, simplicity can improve productivity and communication, as well as reduce errors and confusion.

Overall, simplicity is a characteristic that is highly valued in various disciplines and areas of life. It promotes clarity, efficiency, and effectiveness, and is an important principle to strive for in order to achieve better understanding and results.

A box contains some slips on which numbers 25, 26, 27, ..........49, are written (one number in one slip). A slip is drawn at random from the box. What is the probability that the selected slip bears a prime number?
  • a)
    0.16
  • b)
    0.24
  • c)
    0.28
  • d)
    0.36
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Formula Used:
Probability = Number of favorable event/Total number of event
Calculation:     
Prime number are 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47
Total number of events = 25
Favorable events = 6
⇒ Probability = 6/25 = 0.24
∴ The probability to be a prime number is 0.24
The correct option is 3 i.e. 0.24

The HCF of 1683, 2244 and 5049 is x. The sum of digits of x is
  • a)
    15
  • b)
    11
  • c)
    13
  • d)
    12
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Given:
The HCF of 1683, 2244 and 5049 is x.
Concept used:
HCF - The greatest number which divides each of the two or more numbers
Calculation:
⇒ 1683 = 3 × 3 × 11 × 17
⇒ 2244 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 11 × 17
⇒ 5049 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 17
The HCF = (3 × 11 × 17)
⇒ 561
So,
⇒ x = 561
Now,
The sum of digits of x = (5 + 6 + 1)
⇒ 12
∴ The required sum of digits of x is 12.

When a child gets bored while doing a task, it is a sign that:
  • a)
    the task may have become mechanically repetitive.
  • b)
    the child is not intelligent.
  • c)
    the child is not capable of learning.
  • d)
    the child needs to be disciplined.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Understanding Boredom in Children
When a child gets bored while engaged in a task, it often indicates that the task may have become mechanically repetitive. This insight can help caregivers and educators create more engaging learning experiences.
Reasons for Mechanical Repetition
- Lack of Challenge: If a task is too easy, children may lose interest quickly. They thrive on challenges that stimulate their minds.
- Limited Engagement: Repetitive tasks can lead to disengagement. Children seek variety and stimulation to stay focused and motivated.
- Reduced Creativity: Mechanical tasks often restrict creative thinking. Children may feel confined and thus become bored when their creativity is not utilized.
Contrasting Misconceptions
- Intelligence Misunderstanding: Boredom is not a reflection of a child's intelligence. Intelligent children can also become bored with monotonous tasks.
- Learning Capability: Feeling bored does not imply a child’s inability to learn. It may highlight the need for diverse and stimulating educational approaches.
- Discipline Misinterpretation: Boredom should not be equated with a need for discipline. Instead, it may indicate a mismatch between the child's interests and the task at hand.
Conclusion
Recognizing that boredom stems from repetitive tasks allows parents and educators to adjust their approaches. By introducing variety and challenges, they can create a more engaging environment that fosters curiosity and learning. Understanding this dynamic is essential for nurturing a child's educational journey.

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. 
Nature is an infinite source of beauty. Sunrise and sunset, mountains and rivers, lakes and glaciers, forests and fields provide joy and bliss to the human mind and heart for hours together. Everything in nature is splendid and divine. Every day and every season of the year has a peculiar beauty to unfold. Only one should have eyes to behold it and a heart to feel it like the English poet William Wordsworth who after seeing daffodils said: And then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils?
Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning To develop a balanced personality, one needs to have a healthy attitude which can make us appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature. There is another balm to soothe our tired souls and listless minds than the infinite nature all around us. We should enjoy it fully to lead a balanced and harmonious life, full of peace and tranquility.
Q. What are the town planners doing today?
  • a)
    Providing facilities for enjoying nature
  • b)
    Establishing balance between concrete and artificial jungle of cities
  • c)
    Supporting the cry to go back to villages
  • d)
    Making efforts to inculcate healthy attitude among people
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kunaal Satija answered
When you the 2nd paragraph of the given passage, you will find the following lines:
Nature is a great teacher. Early man was thrilled with the beauty and wonders of nature. The Aryans worshipped nature. One can learn lessons in the vast school of nature. Unfortunately, the strife, the stress and the tension of modern life have made people immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of care that they have no time to stand and stare. They cannot enjoy the beauty of lowing rivers, swinging trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. There is, however, a cry to go back to the village from the concrete and artificial jungle of cities. Hence the town planners of today pay special attention to providing enough natural scenic spots in town planning 
The highlighted sentences show that town planners provide something to feel like nature, which means they are providing facilities for enjoying nature. 
Hence, the correct sentence is "option 1"

If a learner is able to perform the four basic operations on whole numbers, fractions and decimal numbers, the learner is at _________.
  • a)
    the partitioning phase
  • b)
    factoring phase
  • c)
    operating phase
  • d)
    quantifying phase
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Naman Gupta answered
Understanding the Operating Phase
The operating phase is a critical stage in mathematical learning where a learner demonstrates proficiency in performing arithmetic operations. This includes basic operations with whole numbers, fractions, and decimal numbers.
Key Characteristics of the Operating Phase:
- Proficiency in Basic Operations:
- Learners can add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers with confidence.
- They can also handle fractions and decimals, applying the same operations effectively.
- Conceptual Understanding:
- At this phase, learners not only perform calculations but also understand the underlying concepts.
- They grasp how operations affect the values of numbers and can compare results.
- Application of Skills:
- Learners can apply these skills to solve real-world problems.
- This includes tasks like budgeting, cooking measurements, and other daily activities that require numerical operations.
Comparison with Other Phases:
- Partitioning Phase:
- This phase focuses on breaking numbers into parts but does not necessarily require performing operations.
- Factoring Phase:
- Involves finding factors of numbers, which is a more advanced skill related to multiplication and division.
- Quantifying Phase:
- This phase emphasizes understanding quantities and measurements rather than operations.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, when a learner can confidently perform the four basic operations on whole numbers, fractions, and decimal numbers, they have reached the operating phase. This foundation is essential for more advanced mathematical concepts and practical applications.

The section on 'activities and projects included in the exercises of NCERT Science textbooks for class Vlll' primarily aims at
  • a)
    enhancing in-depth understanding of the basic concepts
  • b)
    keeping the students engaged during vacations
  • c)
    providing opportunity to students for extended learning 
  • d)
    assessing the students on practical skills
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nihal Menon answered
The section on activities and projects included in the exercises of NCERT Science textbooks for class VIII primarily aims at providing opportunities to students for extended learning.

Extended Learning Opportunities
The activities and projects included in the exercises of NCERT Science textbooks for class VIII are designed to go beyond the basic concepts and provide students with opportunities for extended learning. These activities and projects encourage students to explore the topics in more depth and engage in hands-on learning experiences.

Enhancing In-depth Understanding of Basic Concepts
By engaging in activities and projects, students are able to develop a deeper understanding of the basic concepts taught in the textbook. These activities allow students to apply their knowledge and think critically about the concepts, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

Practical Skills Assessment
While the primary aim of the activities and projects is to provide extended learning opportunities, they also serve as a means to assess the students' practical skills. These activities often require students to perform experiments, make observations, and analyze data, which helps in evaluating their practical understanding of the concepts.

Engagement and Interest
Another benefit of including activities and projects in the textbooks is that they help in keeping the students engaged and interested in the subject. These hands-on learning experiences make the learning process more interactive and enjoyable for the students, leading to better retention of knowledge.

Overall Effectiveness
The inclusion of activities and projects in the exercises of NCERT Science textbooks for class VIII has proven to be an effective way to enhance students' understanding of the basic concepts, provide extended learning opportunities, assess practical skills, and keep students engaged and interested in the subject. Therefore, option C - providing opportunities to students for extended learning - is the correct answer.

Individuals who have the ability to understand the motives, feelings and behaviours of others to bond with them are high on_______intelligence in Howard Gardner’s theory.
  • a)
    naturalistic
  • b)
    interpersonal
  • c)
    intrapersonal
  • d)
    spatial
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Individuals who have the ability to understand the motives, feelings and behaviours of others to bond with them are high on interpersonal Intelligence in Howard Gardner’s theory.
Interpersonal intelligence: In this type of intelligence people have the ability to understand others' feelings, wishes, expectations, and needs & others' behavior.
These people have better social communication skills and have the ability to relate well with others and manage relationships.
Thus, people having interpersonal intelligence have the ability to interact with others in society.

A teacher wants her students to know about government schemes through primary sources. Which one of the following schemes is inappropriate?
  • a)
    A review of a book on government schemes
  • b)
    An interview with a Block Development Officer
  • c)
    A survey of schemes in the students' neighbourhood
  • d)
    A report on expenditure incurred, on various schemes in the student's neighbourhood.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
A review of a book on government schemes is not appropriate to take knowledge of primary sources.
Primary Sources: A source will be considered as a primary source in case it carries newly generated information, original work of research, or a new interpretation of already known facts. The document is the first and often the only published record of original research. The information contained in primary sources is generally scattered and unorganized.

3-digit numbers are formed using the digits 1, 3, 7 without repetition of digits. A number is randomly selected. What is the probability that the number is divisible by 3?
  • a)
    0
  • b)
    1/3
  • c)
    1/4
  • d)
    1/8
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amisha Menon answered
To find the probability that a 3-digit number formed using the digits 1, 3, and 7 is divisible by 3, we need to determine the total number of possible outcomes and the number of favorable outcomes.

Total Number of Outcomes:
Since we are forming 3-digit numbers without repetition, we have 3 choices for the hundreds place, 2 choices for the tens place, and 1 choice for the units place. Therefore, the total number of 3-digit numbers that can be formed is 3 * 2 * 1 = 6.

Favorable Outcomes:
To determine the favorable outcomes, we need to consider the divisibility rule for 3. A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.

We can form 3-digit numbers using the digits 1, 3, and 7 in the following ways:

1. Numbers that are divisible by 3:
- 137 (1 + 3 + 7 = 11, not divisible by 3)
- 173 (1 + 7 + 3 = 11, not divisible by 3)
- 317 (3 + 1 + 7 = 11, not divisible by 3)
- 371 (3 + 7 + 1 = 11, not divisible by 3)
- 713 (7 + 1 + 3 = 11, not divisible by 3)
- 731 (7 + 3 + 1 = 11, not divisible by 3)

There are no numbers that are divisible by 3.

Therefore, the number of favorable outcomes is 0.

Probability:
The probability of an event is given by the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of outcomes.

In this case, the probability that the number is divisible by 3 is 0 divided by 6, which equals 0.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A) 0.

"Scientific knowledge is subject to change" This given statement gives which aspect of the nature of science?
  • a)
    Empirical evidence is used to refine and support ideas in Science
  • b)
    Scientific knowledge is long lasting yet tentative
  • c)
    Science is a creative endeavor
  • d)
    Laws and theories play a central role in developing scientific knowledge, yet they have different functions
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Science learners need to know not only facts/concepts but also about the processes through which this knowledge is generated. Aspects of Nature of Science:
  • Scientific knowledge is long-lasting yet tentative, that is Scientific knowledge is subject to change because we make new observations and tend to reinterpret the existing observations.
  • Empirical evidence is used to refine and support ideas in Science
  • Social and historical factors play a role in the construction of scientific knowledge
  • Laws and theories play a central role in developing scientific knowledge, yet they have different functions
  • Accurate record-keeping, peer review, and replication of experiments help to validate scientific ideas
  • Science is a creative endeavor
  • Science and Technology are not the same, but they have an impact on each other.
Hence, it can be concluded that the statement "Scientific knowledge is subject to change" means Scientific knowledge is long-lasting yet tentative.

A hockey player is moving northward and suddenly turns westward with the same speed to avoid an opponent. The force that acts on the player is
  • a)
    frictional force along westward. 
  • b)
    muscle force along southward.
  • c)
    frictional force along south-west. 
  • d)
    muscle force along south-west.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mayank Patel answered
Frictional Force Explanation:

When the hockey player is moving northward and suddenly turns westward, their velocity changes. This change in velocity is caused by a force acting on the player. Let's analyze the situation to determine the force that acts on the player.

1. Initial Motion:
- The hockey player is initially moving northward. This means their velocity vector points in the north direction.
- Since there is no mention of any external force acting on the player, we can assume that the only force acting on the player is the force of friction.
- Frictional force always acts in the opposite direction to the motion, so in this case, it acts southward.

2. Change in Motion:
- To avoid an opponent, the hockey player suddenly turns westward.
- This change in motion implies that there must be a force acting on the player to cause this change.
- The force that causes this change in motion is the frictional force between the player's skates and the ice.
- This frictional force acts perpendicular to the direction of motion, which in this case is directed south-west.

3. Final Motion:
- After the player turns westward, they continue moving with the same speed.
- Since the player is now moving westward, the frictional force acting on them is still in the south-west direction.
- There is no mention of any other forces acting on the player, so we can conclude that the only force acting on the player is the frictional force along the south-west direction.

Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, we can conclude that the force that acts on the hockey player when they suddenly turn westward is the frictional force along the south-west direction. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - frictional force along south-west.

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely, and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock; in some towns, there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 20th, but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two hours so that it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.
The children assembled first, of course. The school was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name “Dellacroy”—eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. The girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys, and the tiny children rolled in the dust or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters.
Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet, and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother’s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his father and his oldest brother.
Q. Select the segment of the sentence that contains the grammatical error. If there is no error, mark "D" as your answer.
The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, (A)/  with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; (B)/ the flowers were blossoming profusely, and the grass was rich green. (C)/ No Error (D)
  • a)
    A
  • b)
    B
  • c)
    C
  • d)
    D
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The error lies in the usage of the adjective rich instead of the adverb richly.
An Adverb is a word that describes, modifies, or gives more information about a verb, adjective, adverb, or phrase.
Example: She smiled cheerfully.
The word green refers to the color of the grass.
In the given sentence, the word green is used as an adjective, and rich is also used as an adjective, which is grammatically wrong. 
Here, the adverb richly should be used to modify the adjective green as how much green the grass is. 
So, the correct sentence is: The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely, and the grass was richly green.

A foreign/non-mother tongue language teacher often faces the problem of a class full of reluctant, unmotivated learners. This can be helped by:
  • a)
    using methods and strategies to motivate and make learning more challenging in the class
  • b)
    taking the help of an academic counsellor who will address the class
  • c)
    identifying the students who are 'unmotivated' and taking a special class for them
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Language is one of the most important characteristic forms of human behavior. Language plays a crucial role in the process of learning. It is evident that the child acquires the language in the home environment informally in an unstructured manner but it is at the school where the child learns the language formally.
In language learning, it's a teacher's responsibility to use customized and stimulating instructions method to make learning interesting for learners. If a foreign/non-mother tongue language teacher often faces the problem of a class full of reluctant, unmotivated learners, this can be helped by the following ways:
  • Encouraging students and teaching them responsibility, to get them involved in the classroom.
  • Setting expectations and making reasonable demands encourages students to participate.
  • Teaching through games and discussions instead of lectures, encourage students to debate.
  • Using methods and strategies to motivate the students such as offering a small incentive for work.
  • Making learning more challenging in the class by connecting it with the real world to ensure learners' active involvement.
Thus, from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that if a foreign/non-mother tongue language teacher often faces the problem of a class full of reluctant, unmotivated learners, it can be helped by using methods and strategies to motivate and make learning more challenging in the class.

This is the largest breeding area for Birds in Asia:
  • a)
    Keoladeo National Park
  • b)
    Sariska wild life sanctuary
  • c)
    National desert park
  • d)
    Taalchaapar sanctuary
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rahul Khanna answered
Keoladeo National Park is the largest breeding area for birds in Asia. Located in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India, this national park is a haven for avian species, attracting thousands of migratory birds every year. Here is an explanation of why Keoladeo National Park is considered the largest breeding area for birds in Asia.

a) Ecological Importance:
- Keoladeo National Park, also known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, covers an area of 29 square kilometers and is predominantly a wetland ecosystem.
- The park consists of marshes, lakes, ponds, and shallow wetlands, which provide an ideal breeding ground for a diverse range of bird species.
- The park's wetland ecosystem supports a rich variety of aquatic plants, insects, and fish, creating a favorable environment for nesting and feeding.

b) Migratory Birds:
- Keoladeo National Park serves as a crucial wintering ground and breeding site for numerous migratory bird species.
- Over 350 species of birds have been recorded in the park, including both resident and migratory birds.
- Migratory birds from Central Asia, Siberia, and other parts of the world travel thousands of kilometers to reach Keoladeo National Park during the winter season.
- These birds include the critically endangered Siberian crane, as well as various species of ducks, geese, waders, and raptors.

c) Breeding and Nesting:
- The wetland habitats of Keoladeo National Park provide an abundance of food resources and safe nesting sites for birds.
- The park's marshes and shallow waters attract birds that build their nests on the ground or in the reed beds.
- Birds like painted storks, herons, egrets, cormorants, and ibises breed and raise their young in the park.
- The diverse vegetation within the park offers hiding places for nests and protection against predators.

d) Conservation Efforts:
- Keoladeo National Park has been recognized as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, highlighting its significance in bird conservation.
- The park is protected under various wildlife conservation acts and is managed by the Rajasthan Forest Department.
- Conservation efforts include habitat restoration, controlling water levels, preventing poaching, and raising awareness among visitors and local communities.

In conclusion, Keoladeo National Park in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, is the largest breeding area for birds in Asia due to its extensive wetland ecosystem that attracts a wide range of migratory bird species. The park's ecological importance, provision of nesting sites, and conservation efforts contribute to its status as a vital breeding ground for birds.

You have given three different tasks to three groups in your classroom -
Group 1: Compare the given figures and find out which one occupies more area.
Group 2: Calculate the perimeter of the given shapes using a ruler.
Group 3: Find out how many steps you can take along the sides of the classroom walls by walking heel to toe.
On what basis have these groups most likely been created?
  • a)
    Based on student learning styles
  • b)
    Based on student learning levels.
  • c)
    Based on student interest in Maths.
  • d)
    Based on students’ cognitive ability.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Eesha Bhat answered
Group teaching allows freedom for the students to interact freely and establish intimate contact with their teachers on the one hand and with peers on the other. A teacher intends to develop conflict resolution skills among his\her students. To realize this goal, the teacher can organize a variety of tasks.
  • serves as an important tool to make learning meaningful by working together. In groups, students work collaboratively and involve in active learning. It provides an opportunity for the students to work together in an efficient way. 

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