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All questions of Human Health and Disease for NEET Exam

Which part of the tobacco plant is infected by Meloidogyne incognita ?
[2016]
  • a)
    Flower
  • b)
    Leaf
  • c)
    Stem
  • d)
    Root
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Sarkar answered
(d) Meloidogyne incognita is a nematode (roundworm) in the family Heteroderidae. It is commonly called the "southern rootknot nematode" or the "cotton root-knot nematode".
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Which is the particular type of drug that is obtained from the plant whose one flowering branch is shown below?              [2014]
  • a)
    Hallucinogen
  • b)
    Depressant
  • c)
    Stimulant
  • d)
    Pain - killer
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Charvi Shah answered
(a) The plant illustrated in diagram is Datura which has hallucinogenic properties. Hallucinogen is a substance that produces psychological effects normally associated only with dreams, schizophrenia, or religious visions. It produces changes in perception (ranging from distortions in what is sensed to perceptions of objects where there are none), thought, and feeling.

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS:-                            [2014]
  • a)
    Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person.
  • b)
    When the infected retro virus enters host cells.
  • c)
    When HIV damages large number of helper T-Lymphocytes.
  • d)
    When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mrinalini Bajaj answered
(c) HIV infection does usually show symptoms of AIDS When HIV damages large number of helper T-Lymphocytes (CD4 cells). AIDS is the stage of HIV infection that occurs when one immune system is badly damaged and one become vulnerable to infections and infection-related cancers called opportunistic infections. When the number of ones CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimetre of blood (200 cells/mm3), one is considered to have progressed to AIDS.

Which of the following endoparasites of humans does show viviparity ?                          [2015 RS]
  • a)
    Enterobius vermicularis
  • b)
    Trichinella spiralis
  • c)
    Ascaris lumbricoides
  • d)
    Ancylostoma duodenale
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anagha Sharma answered
(b) Trichinella spiralis is an endoparasite found in human intestine. It is the smallest nematode producing larvae in large number. These larvae bore the intestine of human being and enter the blood and lymphatic systems.

Use of antihistamines and steroids give a quick relief from
[2009]
  • a)
    allergy 
  • b)
    nausea
  • c)
    cough
  • d)
    Headache
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Aman Sharma answered
Allergy is the hypersensitiveness of a person to some foreign substances coming in contact with or entering the body. The common allergens are dust, pollen mould, spores, fabricates, bacteria, etc. During an allergic reaction, there is increased the release of histamine from mast cells. Use of antihistamines and from mast cells. Use of antihistamine and steroids give a quick relief from allergy.

Asthma may be attributed to
  • a)
    bacterial infection of the lungs.
  • b)
    allergic reaction of the mast cell in the lungs
  • c)
    inflammation of the trachea
  • d)
    accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Charvi Shah answered
(b) A mast cell or a mastocyte is typically a white blood cell. It is a special kind of granulocyte, which is a part of the immune system and laden with histamine and heparin. Besides these, mast cells also secrete the prostaglandin (PG) D2, and leukotriene (LT) C4, which are capable of inducing bronchoconstriction and mucosal edema, both features of asthma.

Which one of the following statements is correct?
[2009]
  • a)
    Benign tumours show the property of metastasis.
  • b)
    Heroin accelerates body functions.
  • c)
    Malignant tumours ours may exhibit metastasis.
  • d)
    Patients who have undergone surgery are given cannabinoids to relieve pain.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnab Iyer answered
Malignant tumours may exhibit metastasis. Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood.

HIV that causes AIDS, first starts destroying:                       [2015 RS]
  • a)
    Leucocytes
  • b)
    Helper T- Lymphocytes
  • c)
    Thrombocytes
  • d)
    B- Lymphocytes
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Sarkar answered
(b) After infection, HIV starts to destroy the Tcells (T-helper lymphocytes). T. cells are very important for the immune system. In the early stage of infection, the decline in numbers of T.cells is observed.

Widal Test is carried out to test :
[2012]
  • a)
    Malaria
  • b)
    diabetes mellitus
  • c)
    HIV/AIdS
  • d)
    Typhoid fever
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sneha Basak answered
Widal test is carried out to test typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhii bacteria. Typhoid vaccine is available.

Which one of the following acts as a physiological barrier to the entry of microorganisms in the human body? 
  • a)
    Tears
  • b)
    Monocytes
  • c)
    Skin
  • d)
    Epithelium of urogenital tract
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnab Iyer answered
Physiological barriers to the entry of microorganisms in the human body are tears in eyes, saliva in mouth and HCl in the stomach.The enzymes lysozymes are found in tears and saliva and inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan present in the cell wall of microorganisms especially eubacteria.

The letter T in T -lymphocyte refers to
[2009]
  • a)
    Thalamus
  • b)
    Tonsil
  • c)
    Thymus
  • d)
    Thyroid
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Yash Saha answered
The letter T in T-lymphocyte refers to thymus. In human anatomy, the thymus is an organ located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity just behind the sternum. The thymus gland is a pink-grey organ that lies underneath the top of the breast bone.

Match List I with List II.      (NEET 2023)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • a)
    A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
  • b)
    A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
  • c)
    A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
  • d)
    A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Infinity Academy answered
Option (a) is the correct answer because: 
  • Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails.It is caused by various species of dermatophyte fungi, including Trichophyton, Microsporum and  Epidermophyton.
  • Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of thread-like nematode worms (filarial worms). The most common filarial worms causing the disease include Wuchereria bancrofti. It is a  causative agent of lymphatic filariasis, a type of filariasis that affects the lymphatic system.
  • Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites.
  • Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, and it can be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms. Haemophilus influenzae is indeed one of the bacteria that can cause pneumonia, especially in certain populations, like children and older adults.

Which of the following reasons is mainly responsible for graft rejection in transplantation of organs?  (NEET 2022 Phase 2)
  • a)
    Cell-mediated response
  • b)
    Inability of recipient to differentiate between ‘self’ and ‘non-self’ tissues/cells
  • c)
    Humoral immune response only
  • d)
    Auto-immune response    
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Stepway Academy answered
  • Option (1) is the correct answer as the body is able to differentiate between ‘self’ and ‘non-self’ and the cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection.
  • Option (2) is incorrect as body of higher vertebrates have the ability to differentiate foreign organisms from self cells.
  • Option (4) is incorrect as the autoimmune response occur when the body’s immune system fails to recognize ‘self’ from ‘non-self’ and starts destroying the body’s own cells.

Select the incorrect statement with respect to acquired immunity.     (NEET 2022)
  • a)
    Anamnestic response is elicited on subsequent encounters with the same pathogen
  • b)
    Anamnestic response is due to memory of first encounter
  • c)
    Acquired immunity is non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth
  • d)
    Primary response is produced when our body encounters a pathogen for the first time
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnav Unni answered
Explanation of Incorrect Statement
The incorrect statement regarding acquired immunity is option 'C': "Acquired immunity is a non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth."
Understanding Acquired Immunity
- Acquired immunity, also known as adaptive immunity, is a specialized defense mechanism.
- It develops over time and is specific to particular pathogens that the body has encountered.
- Unlike innate immunity, which is present at birth and is non-specific, acquired immunity is tailored to recognize and eliminate specific invaders.
Key Characteristics of Acquired Immunity
- Specificity: Acquired immunity targets specific pathogens, distinguishing them from others.
- Memory: It retains a memory of past infections, which allows for a quicker and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.
Contrast with Innate Immunity
- Innate Immunity: This is the body's first line of defense and includes physical barriers (like skin), chemical barriers (like enzymes), and immune cells (like phagocytes). It is present from birth and responds in a non-specific manner.
Types of Acquired Immunity
- Active Immunity: Developed after exposure to a pathogen or through vaccination.
- Passive Immunity: Acquired by transferring antibodies from another individual (e.g., maternal antibodies).
In summary, option 'C' is incorrect because acquired immunity is not present at birth and is indeed a specific response developed after exposure to pathogens.

Which of the following immune response is responsible for rejection of kidney graft?   [2019]
  • a)
    Cell-mediated immune response
  • b)
    Auto-immune response
  • c)
    Humoral immune response
  • d)
    Inflammatory immune response
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Riya Banerjee answered
Transplantation of tissue/organ often fails due to non-acceptance by the patient’s body therefore, tissue matching and blood group matching are essential before undertaking any graft/transplant. When the immune system recognises the protein in the transplanted tissue or organ as foreign, it initiates cellular immunity. As a result of this, there is a rejection of transplanted organs. To suppress the immune response during transplantation, histocompatibility antigen and immunosuppressants play an important role.

 In which blood corpuscles, the HIV undergoes replication and produces progeny viruses?       (NEET 2023)
  • a)
    TH cells
  • b)
    B-lymphocytes
  • c)
    Basophils
  • d)
    Eosinophils
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Dipika Deshpande answered
Understanding HIV Replication
HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a retrovirus that primarily targets the immune system, specifically certain types of blood corpuscles.
Key Target: T-helper Cells
- HIV specifically infects T-helper cells, also known as CD4+ cells.
- These cells are crucial for the immune response as they help activate other immune cells.
Mechanism of Infection
- The virus attaches to the CD4 receptor on T-helper cells.
- Once inside, HIV utilizes the host's cellular machinery to replicate itself.
- This involves reverse transcription of its RNA genome into DNA, which is then integrated into the host cell's genome.
Progeny Viruses Production
- As the infected T-helper cell functions, it produces new HIV particles.
- These progeny viruses are then released into the bloodstream, where they can infect other T-helper cells, continuing the cycle of infection.
Importance of T-helper Cells
- The depletion of T-helper cells leads to a compromised immune system, making the body more susceptible to opportunistic infections and diseases.
- This characteristic of HIV is why it can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) if untreated.
Conclusion
In summary, HIV primarily replicates in T-helper cells, which are vital for a robust immune response. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for developing effective treatments and interventions for HIV/AIDS.

Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity:  [2020]
  • a)
    Active immunity is quick and gives full response
  • b)
    Foetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity
  • c)
    When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host’s body. It is called “Active immunity”
  • d)
    When ready made antibodies are directly given, it is called “Passive immunity”.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Sengupta answered
Active immunity is slow and takes time to give its full effective response. Foetus receiving some antibodies from their mother, through the placenta during pregnancy is an example of passive immunity. Active immunity is the immunity in which when host is exposed to antigens either living or dead, antibodies produces in the host body. In passive immunity readymade antibodies are directly given to protect the body against foreign agents.

Match List-I with List-II     [2021]

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • a)
    A
  • b)
    B
  • c)
    C
  • d)
    D
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Dev Patel answered
  • Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are responsible for the disease pneumonia in humans which infects the alveoli (air filled sacs) of the lungs.
  • Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite in the large intestine of human which causes amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery).
  • Wuchereria (W. bancrofti and W. malayi), the filarial worms cause a slowly developing chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and the disease is called elephantiasis or filariasis.
  • Many fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are responsible for ringworms which is one of the most common infectious diseases in man  Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body such as skin, nails and scalp are the main symptoms of the disease.

Which of the following is a pair of viral diseases?
[2009]
  • a)
    Common cold, AIDS
  • b)
     dysentery, common cold
  • c)
    Typhoid, tuberculosis
  • d)
    Ringworm, AIDS
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnav Iyer answered
Common Cold, AIDS is a pair of viral diseases. Viruses are a very common type of infectious disease. Viruses are the smallest life-form existing, since they are not even a single cell. It is almost like they are not alive at all. They are small strands of DNA-like cell material. A virus consists mostly of RNA and cannot survive without host cells.

Given below are two statements : 
Statement I : Bone marrow is the main lymphoid organ where all blood cells including lymphocytes are produced. 
Statement II : Both bone marrow and thymus provide micro environments for the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes.
In the light of above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below (NEET 2024)
  • a)
     Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
  • b)
     Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
  • c)
     Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
  • d)
     Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mohit Rajpoot answered
Statement I: Bone marrow is the main lymphoid organ where all blood cells, including lymphocytes, are produced.
  • Evaluation: This statement is partially correct. Bone marrow is indeed a primary lymphoid organ where all blood cells, including lymphocytes, are produced. However, it specifies that it is the main lymphoid organ, which might be misleading as lymphocytes also undergo maturation in other organs like the thymus and spleen.
Statement II: Both bone marrow and thymus provide microenvironments for the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes.
  • Evaluation: This statement is incorrect. While the thymus provides a microenvironment for the maturation of T-lymphocytes, bone marrow does not participate in the maturation of T-lymphocytes; it is involved in their formation before they are sent to the thymus for maturation.

Chapter doubts & questions for Human Health and Disease - NEET Past Year Papers 2025 is part of NEET exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for NEET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

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