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Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Transgenic mouse is termed as 'super mouse' because it is twice big in size than the normal mouse.
Statement 2: In 'super mouse', the gene for human growth factor has been introduced and expressed.
- a)Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is correct explanation of statement 1
- b)Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1
- c)Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
- d)Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Transgenic mouse is termed as 'super mouse' because it is twice big in size than the normal mouse.
Statement 2: In 'super mouse', the gene for human growth factor has been introduced and expressed.
Statement 1: Transgenic mouse is termed as 'super mouse' because it is twice big in size than the normal mouse.
Statement 2: In 'super mouse', the gene for human growth factor has been introduced and expressed.
a)
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is correct explanation of statement 1
b)
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1
c)
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
d)
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect
|
Saranya Tiwari answered |
Statement 1: Transgenic mouse is termed as super mouse because it is twice big in size than the normal mouse.
Statement 2: In super mouse, the gene for human growth factor has been introduced and expressed.
The correct answer is option 'A' - Statement 1 is incorrect, but statement 2 is correct.
Explanation:
Transgenic Mouse:
A transgenic mouse is a genetically modified mouse that carries genes from other species, often human genes. These genes are introduced into the mouse genome through genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic mice are widely used in medical research to study the function of genes and to model human diseases.
Statement 1: Transgenic mouse is termed as super mouse because it is twice big in size than the normal mouse.
This statement is incorrect. The term "super mouse" is not specifically used to describe the size of a transgenic mouse. Transgenic mice can be engineered to express specific traits or genes, but these traits can vary depending on the purpose of the study. Size may or may not be a characteristic of a transgenic mouse, and it is not a defining feature of transgenic mice in general.
Statement 2: In super mouse, the gene for human growth factor has been introduced and expressed.
This statement is correct. Transgenic mice can be engineered to express specific genes from other species, including human genes. In this case, the gene for a human growth factor has been introduced into the transgenic mouse and is being expressed. This genetic modification allows researchers to study the effects of the human growth factor in a mouse model, which can provide insights into human biology and potential therapeutic applications.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, statement 1 is incorrect because the term "super mouse" is not specifically related to the size of a transgenic mouse. However, statement 2 is correct as transgenic mice can be engineered to express specific genes, including human genes such as the gene for a human growth factor.
Statement 2: In super mouse, the gene for human growth factor has been introduced and expressed.
The correct answer is option 'A' - Statement 1 is incorrect, but statement 2 is correct.
Explanation:
Transgenic Mouse:
A transgenic mouse is a genetically modified mouse that carries genes from other species, often human genes. These genes are introduced into the mouse genome through genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic mice are widely used in medical research to study the function of genes and to model human diseases.
Statement 1: Transgenic mouse is termed as super mouse because it is twice big in size than the normal mouse.
This statement is incorrect. The term "super mouse" is not specifically used to describe the size of a transgenic mouse. Transgenic mice can be engineered to express specific traits or genes, but these traits can vary depending on the purpose of the study. Size may or may not be a characteristic of a transgenic mouse, and it is not a defining feature of transgenic mice in general.
Statement 2: In super mouse, the gene for human growth factor has been introduced and expressed.
This statement is correct. Transgenic mice can be engineered to express specific genes from other species, including human genes. In this case, the gene for a human growth factor has been introduced into the transgenic mouse and is being expressed. This genetic modification allows researchers to study the effects of the human growth factor in a mouse model, which can provide insights into human biology and potential therapeutic applications.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, statement 1 is incorrect because the term "super mouse" is not specifically related to the size of a transgenic mouse. However, statement 2 is correct as transgenic mice can be engineered to express specific genes, including human genes such as the gene for a human growth factor.
Which variety of rice was patented by a U.S. company even though the highest number of varieties of this rice is found in India?- a)Sharbati Sonara
- b)Co-667
- c)Basmati
- d)Lerma Roja
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which variety of rice was patented by a U.S. company even though the highest number of varieties of this rice is found in India?
a)
Sharbati Sonara
b)
Co-667
c)
Basmati
d)
Lerma Roja
|
Priya Sen answered |
Introduction
The patenting of rice varieties has sparked significant debate, particularly when a U.S. company patents a variety predominantly found in countries like India. Among these varieties, Basmati rice stands out as a notable example.
What is Basmati Rice?
- Basmati rice is known for its unique aroma, long grains, and fluffy texture.
- It has been cultivated in the Indian subcontinent for centuries and is a staple in various traditional dishes.
Patenting Issues
- In the late 1990s, a U.S. company, RiceTec, patented hybrid varieties that they claimed to be Basmati.
- This patent raised concerns among Indian farmers and stakeholders who argued that Basmati is a traditional variety that has been cultivated for generations in India and Pakistan.
Consequences of Patenting
- The patent led to legal battles over the rights to the name "Basmati."
- It highlighted the complexities of intellectual property rights in agriculture, especially concerning indigenous crops.
Conclusion
The case of Basmati rice serves as a significant example of the intersection between traditional agricultural practices and modern patent laws. Despite the patenting attempts, the highest number of Basmati rice varieties continues to be cultivated in India, emphasizing the importance of preserving indigenous agricultural heritage while navigating the challenges posed by globalization and intellectual property rights.
The patenting of rice varieties has sparked significant debate, particularly when a U.S. company patents a variety predominantly found in countries like India. Among these varieties, Basmati rice stands out as a notable example.
What is Basmati Rice?
- Basmati rice is known for its unique aroma, long grains, and fluffy texture.
- It has been cultivated in the Indian subcontinent for centuries and is a staple in various traditional dishes.
Patenting Issues
- In the late 1990s, a U.S. company, RiceTec, patented hybrid varieties that they claimed to be Basmati.
- This patent raised concerns among Indian farmers and stakeholders who argued that Basmati is a traditional variety that has been cultivated for generations in India and Pakistan.
Consequences of Patenting
- The patent led to legal battles over the rights to the name "Basmati."
- It highlighted the complexities of intellectual property rights in agriculture, especially concerning indigenous crops.
Conclusion
The case of Basmati rice serves as a significant example of the intersection between traditional agricultural practices and modern patent laws. Despite the patenting attempts, the highest number of Basmati rice varieties continues to be cultivated in India, emphasizing the importance of preserving indigenous agricultural heritage while navigating the challenges posed by globalization and intellectual property rights.
Gene can therapy can be referred to as- a)pre - clinical testing for inherited diseases in newborns
- b)treatment of diseases caused by genetic defect
- c)genetic engineering using rDNA technology
- d)cancer treatment using in vitro cultured stem cells
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Gene can therapy can be referred to as
a)
pre - clinical testing for inherited diseases in newborns
b)
treatment of diseases caused by genetic defect
c)
genetic engineering using rDNA technology
d)
cancer treatment using in vitro cultured stem cells
|
Geetika Shah answered |
Gene therapy is a collection of methods, that allows correction of gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo. Correcting of a genetic defect involves delivery of a normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and compensate for the non-functional gene.
Rules of conduct that may be used to regulate our activities in relation to the biological world is called- a)bioethics
- b)biowar
- c)biopatent
- d)biopiracy
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Rules of conduct that may be used to regulate our activities in relation to the biological world is called
a)
bioethics
b)
biowar
c)
biopatent
d)
biopiracy
|
|
Suresh Iyer answered |
Bioethics may be viewed as the set of standards that may be used to regulate various activities based on their effects on the biological world. This is because biotechnology has aroused social as well as political concerns, which have ranged from biotechnology being unnatural to detrimental to biodiversity.
Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: The tumour inducing plasmid (Ti plasmid) acts as a cloning vector in recombinant DNA technology.
Statement 2: The Ti plasmid which is used in the mechanisms of delivering genes to a cell remains pathogenic.- a)Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
- b)Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
- c)Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
- d)Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: The tumour inducing plasmid (Ti plasmid) acts as a cloning vector in recombinant DNA technology.
Statement 2: The Ti plasmid which is used in the mechanisms of delivering genes to a cell remains pathogenic.
Statement 1: The tumour inducing plasmid (Ti plasmid) acts as a cloning vector in recombinant DNA technology.
Statement 2: The Ti plasmid which is used in the mechanisms of delivering genes to a cell remains pathogenic.
a)
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
b)
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
c)
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
d)
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
A tumour inducing Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been modified into a cloning vector which is not pathogenic to the plants, However, it is still able to use its mechanism to deliver genes of our interest into various plants.
So, the correct answer is 'Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect'.
So, the correct answer is 'Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect'.
Sheep Dolly was genetically similar to- a)The mother from which nucleated fertilized egg was taken
- b)The mother from which the nucleus of udder cell was taken
- c)The surrogate mother
- d)Both surrogate mother and nuclear donor mother
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Sheep Dolly was genetically similar to
a)
The mother from which nucleated fertilized egg was taken
b)
The mother from which the nucleus of udder cell was taken
c)
The surrogate mother
d)
Both surrogate mother and nuclear donor mother
|
Mira Joshi answered |
Dolly, the sheep, was cloned in 1997, Ian wilmur and his colleagues at the Roslin Research Scotland, took cells from ewe (mother sheep’s udder) They stored these udder cells in low nutrient culture. This stopped the starved cells from dividing switched of their active genes. One compete udder cell with its nucleus was selected, because its nucleus carries the mother's genetic information in the mean time, an unfertilised egg cell was taken from a different ewe. Its nucleus was removed leaving an empty cell containing all the essential machinery to produce an embryo. They then fused udder cell nucleus with the empty egg cell by electrical stimulation. The altered egg was cultured for six days.
Out of many resulting embryos, one was implanted in the uterus of the surrogate mother, where it grew into a lamb, So Dolly was born, genetically identical to mother sheep because her first cell nucleus came from mother’s cell. Dolly's birth proved that adult cells could acquire the cloning potential of embryonic cells.
Out of many resulting embryos, one was implanted in the uterus of the surrogate mother, where it grew into a lamb, So Dolly was born, genetically identical to mother sheep because her first cell nucleus came from mother’s cell. Dolly's birth proved that adult cells could acquire the cloning potential of embryonic cells.
Early detection of a disease is possible by- a)PCR
- b)Gene therapy
- c)Recombinant DNA technology and ELISA
- d)both (a) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Early detection of a disease is possible by
a)
PCR
b)
Gene therapy
c)
Recombinant DNA technology and ELISA
d)
both (a) and (c)
|
|
Raghav Bansal answered |
Using conventional methods of diagnosis (serum and urine analysis, etc.) early detection is not possible. Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) are some of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
A monopoly granted to a person who has either invented a new and useful article, made improvement in an existing article or invented a new process of making an article is called- a)biopiracy
- b)bioethics
- c)patent
- d)genetic modification
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A monopoly granted to a person who has either invented a new and useful article, made improvement in an existing article or invented a new process of making an article is called
a)
biopiracy
b)
bioethics
c)
patent
d)
genetic modification
|
Anjali Sharma answered |
A patent is the right granted by government to an inventor to prevent others from commercial use of his invention. When patents are granted for biological entities and for products derived from them, these patents are called biopatents. Primarily, industrialised countries, like U.S.A., Japan and members of European Union, are awarding biopatents.
Agrochemical based agriculture includes- a)Fertilisers and pesticides
- b)Genetically modified crops
- c)RNA interference
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Agrochemical based agriculture includes
a)
Fertilisers and pesticides
b)
Genetically modified crops
c)
RNA interference
d)
All of these
|
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
Agrochemical based agriculture is used to increase the food production. It includes use of agrochemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides.
Which of the following companies started selling humulin in the year 1983?- a)Eli Lilly
- b)Genetech
- c)GEAC
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following companies started selling humulin in the year 1983?
a)
Eli Lilly
b)
Genetech
c)
GEAC
d)
None of these
|
|
Shraddha Sharma answered |
Answer:
Eli Lilly is the company that started selling Humulin in the year 1983.
Explanation:
Humulin is a type of insulin used to treat diabetes, and it was the first genetically engineered drug to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The development of Humulin was a joint effort between Eli Lilly and Genentech, but Eli Lilly was the company responsible for marketing and selling the drug.
The approval of Humulin in 1982 marked a significant milestone in the field of biotechnology and paved the way for the development of more genetically engineered drugs. Eli Lilly has since continued to be a major player in the diabetes market, developing and marketing other insulin products such as Humalog and Basaglar.
In summary, Eli Lilly started selling Humulin in the year 1983, making it the first genetically engineered drug to be marketed and sold to the public.
Eli Lilly is the company that started selling Humulin in the year 1983.
Explanation:
Humulin is a type of insulin used to treat diabetes, and it was the first genetically engineered drug to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The development of Humulin was a joint effort between Eli Lilly and Genentech, but Eli Lilly was the company responsible for marketing and selling the drug.
The approval of Humulin in 1982 marked a significant milestone in the field of biotechnology and paved the way for the development of more genetically engineered drugs. Eli Lilly has since continued to be a major player in the diabetes market, developing and marketing other insulin products such as Humalog and Basaglar.
In summary, Eli Lilly started selling Humulin in the year 1983, making it the first genetically engineered drug to be marketed and sold to the public.
Which of the following has been covered under the broad patent category?- a)Triticum
- b)Oryza
- c)Pissum sativum
- d)Brassica
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following has been covered under the broad patent category?
a)
Triticum
b)
Oryza
c)
Pissum sativum
d)
Brassica
|
Preethi Saha answered |
Broad patent category refers to patents that cover a large category of organisms or genetic material. In this case, the correct answer is option 'B' - Oryza.
Explanation:
- Triticum: It is a genus of plants that includes wheat species. However, it is not a broad patent category as it refers to a specific genus of plants.
- Pissum sativum: It is the scientific name for peas. Similar to Triticum, it refers to a specific plant species and not a broad patent category.
- Brassica: It is a genus of plants that includes several species such as mustard, cabbage, and broccoli. However, it is not a broad patent category as it refers to a specific genus of plants.
- Oryza: It is a genus of plants that includes several species of rice. Oryza has been covered under the broad patent category as it refers to a large category of organisms.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option 'B' - Oryza as it has been covered under the broad patent category.
Explanation:
- Triticum: It is a genus of plants that includes wheat species. However, it is not a broad patent category as it refers to a specific genus of plants.
- Pissum sativum: It is the scientific name for peas. Similar to Triticum, it refers to a specific plant species and not a broad patent category.
- Brassica: It is a genus of plants that includes several species such as mustard, cabbage, and broccoli. However, it is not a broad patent category as it refers to a specific genus of plants.
- Oryza: It is a genus of plants that includes several species of rice. Oryza has been covered under the broad patent category as it refers to a large category of organisms.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option 'B' - Oryza as it has been covered under the broad patent category.
Which of the following statements regarding gene therapy is/are correct?- a)It is an application of biotechnology, in which a defective gene is manipulated by introduction of a normal, healthy and functional gene
- b)The genetic disorders that are being investigated for gene therapy, range from sickle-cell anaemia to severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID)
- c)The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements regarding gene therapy is/are correct?
a)
It is an application of biotechnology, in which a defective gene is manipulated by introduction of a normal, healthy and functional gene
b)
The genetic disorders that are being investigated for gene therapy, range from sickle-cell anaemia to severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID)
c)
The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
d)
All of these
|
|
Mira Joshi answered |
Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. Under intensive investigation are, disease ranging from the rare genetic diseases caused by single mutations like sickle cell anaemia to killer diseases such as server combined immuno-deficiency (SCID). The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-years old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This enzymes is very important for the immune system to function. ADA deficiency can lead to severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID).
Study the following statements regarding Bt toxins produced by bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and select the correct one.
- a)Most strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterans
- b)Bt toxin proteins do not kill the bacteria themselves because the toxin proteins occur in an inactive form called protoxins
- c)When an insect ingests the inactive Bt toxin, it is converted to an active form of toxin due to alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the protein toxin crystals
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Study the following statements regarding Bt toxins produced by bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and select the correct one.
a)
Most strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterans
b)
Bt toxin proteins do not kill the bacteria themselves because the toxin proteins occur in an inactive form called protoxins
c)
When an insect ingests the inactive Bt toxin, it is converted to an active form of toxin due to alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the protein toxin crystals
d)
All of these
|
|
Ajay Yadav answered |
Soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces proteins that kill certain insects like lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). Bacillus thuringiensis forms some intracellular protein crystals. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein. The Bt toxin protein exists as inactive toxin and is converted into an active form due to the alkaline pH of the alimentary canal that solubilises the crystals. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and create pores which cause cell swelling and lysis and finally cause death of the insect.
Read the given statements and select the correct optionsStatement 1: In recombinant DNA technology, human genes are often transferred into bacteria (prokaryotes) or yeast (eukaryote).
Statement 2: Both bacteria and yeast multiply very fast to form huge population which expresses the desired gene.- a)Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
- b)Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
- c)Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
- d)Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the given statements and select the correct options
Statement 1: In recombinant DNA technology, human genes are often transferred into bacteria (prokaryotes) or yeast (eukaryote).
Statement 2: Both bacteria and yeast multiply very fast to form huge population which expresses the desired gene.
Statement 2: Both bacteria and yeast multiply very fast to form huge population which expresses the desired gene.
a)
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
b)
Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
c)
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
d)
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
|
EduRev NEET answered |
Recombinant DNA is a form of DNA whose nucleotide sequence has undergone alteration as a result of incorporation of exchange with another DNA strand. In recombinant DNA technology, human genes are often transferred into bacteria or yeast because both bacteria and yeast multiply very fast to form huge population, which expresses the desired gene. By doing so, one can observe the phenotypes of the gene more quickly and in a larger scale than by studying the same traist in humans.
The organisation which makes decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services is- a)Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
- b)Genome Environment Action Committee
- c)Genetic Environment Approval Committee
- d)Genetics and Ethical Issue Action Committee
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The organisation which makes decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services is
a)
Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
b)
Genome Environment Action Committee
c)
Genetic Environment Approval Committee
d)
Genetics and Ethical Issue Action Committee
|
|
Ajay Yadav answered |
Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredictable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem. Therefore, the Indian Government has set up organisations such as GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee), which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services.
Bt corn has been made resistant from corn borer disease by introduction of the gene- a)cry l Ab
- b)cry ll Ab
- c)ampR
- d)Trp
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Bt corn has been made resistant from corn borer disease by introduction of the gene
a)
cry l Ab
b)
cry ll Ab
c)
ampR
d)
Trp
|
|
Meera Singh answered |
CrylAb has been introduced in Bt corn to protect it from corn borer.
Technique used to detect the DNA in a clone is- a)polymerase chain reaction
- b)gel electrophoresis
- c)chromatography
- d)autoradiography
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Technique used to detect the DNA in a clone is
a)
polymerase chain reaction
b)
gel electrophoresis
c)
chromatography
d)
autoradiography
|
Jyoti Sengupta answered |
A single stranded DNA or RNA joined with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells. It is followed by detection using autoradiography. The clone having the mutated gene will not appear on the photographic film, because the probe will not have the complementarity with the mutated gene.
The process of RNA inteference has been used to made tovacco plant resistant to - a)Bacillus thuringiensis
- b)Meloidogyne incognita
- c)flies and mosquites
- d)both (a) and (b)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The process of RNA inteference has been used to made tovacco plant resistant to
a)
Bacillus thuringiensis
b)
Meloidogyne incognita
c)
flies and mosquites
d)
both (a) and (b)
|
Preeti Iyer answered |
Meloidogyne incognita infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes great reduction in yield. Fire and Mello (1998) invented a novel strategyt to prevent this infestation. It was based on the process of RNA interference.
Study the following ststements regarding organic farming and select the correct ones.
(i) It utilities genetically modified crops like Bt cotton.
(ii) It uses only naturally produced inputs like compost and biofertilisers.
(iii) It does not use pesticides and urea.
(iv) It produces vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals.- a)(i) and (ii)
- b)(iii) and (iv)
- c)(ii) and (iii)
- d)(ii), (iii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Study the following ststements regarding organic farming and select the correct ones.
(i) It utilities genetically modified crops like Bt cotton.
(ii) It uses only naturally produced inputs like compost and biofertilisers.
(iii) It does not use pesticides and urea.
(iv) It produces vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals.
(i) It utilities genetically modified crops like Bt cotton.
(ii) It uses only naturally produced inputs like compost and biofertilisers.
(iii) It does not use pesticides and urea.
(iv) It produces vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals.
a)
(i) and (ii)
b)
(iii) and (iv)
c)
(ii) and (iii)
d)
(ii), (iii) and (iv)
|
|
Riya Banerjee answered |
In organic farming, farmers use manures, bio fertilisers, biopesticides and biocontrol agents to increase the crop production instead of using artificial fertilisers and pesticides. It does not utilise genetic engineering.
A doctor while operating on an HIV (+)ve patient accidentally cuts himself with a scalpel. Suspecting himself to have contracted the virus which test will he take to rule out/confirm his suspicion?- a)PCR
- b)Routine urine examination
- c)TLC
- d)DLC
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A doctor while operating on an HIV (+)ve patient accidentally cuts himself with a scalpel. Suspecting himself to have contracted the virus which test will he take to rule out/confirm his suspicion?
a)
PCR
b)
Routine urine examination
c)
TLC
d)
DLC
|
|
Anshu Banerjee answered |
Test to confirm HIV infection
The doctor in this scenario needs to get tested to confirm if he has contracted HIV. The test that he needs to take is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test.
Explanation
PCR is a highly accurate and sensitive test that detects the genetic material (RNA) of the virus in the blood. It can detect the virus even in the early stages of infection before antibodies are produced by the body. This makes it the most reliable test to confirm HIV infection, especially in cases where there is a risk of transmission through accidental exposure like in this scenario.
Other tests like routine urine examination, Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), and Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) are not specific for HIV and cannot detect the virus. They may indicate an infection or inflammation in the body but cannot confirm HIV.
Therefore, if the doctor wants to rule out or confirm his suspicion of HIV infection, he should undergo PCR testing. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life of people living with HIV and prevent the progression of the disease.
The doctor in this scenario needs to get tested to confirm if he has contracted HIV. The test that he needs to take is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test.
Explanation
PCR is a highly accurate and sensitive test that detects the genetic material (RNA) of the virus in the blood. It can detect the virus even in the early stages of infection before antibodies are produced by the body. This makes it the most reliable test to confirm HIV infection, especially in cases where there is a risk of transmission through accidental exposure like in this scenario.
Other tests like routine urine examination, Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), and Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) are not specific for HIV and cannot detect the virus. They may indicate an infection or inflammation in the body but cannot confirm HIV.
Therefore, if the doctor wants to rule out or confirm his suspicion of HIV infection, he should undergo PCR testing. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life of people living with HIV and prevent the progression of the disease.
During the processing of proinsulin into the mature insulin- a)C -peptide is added to proinsulin
- b)C-peptide is removed from proinsulin
- c)B-peptide is added to proinsulin
- d)B-peptide is removed from proinsulin
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
During the processing of proinsulin into the mature insulin
a)
C -peptide is added to proinsulin
b)
C-peptide is removed from proinsulin
c)
B-peptide is added to proinsulin
d)
B-peptide is removed from proinsulin
|
|
Bhavya Menon answered |
Explanation:
During the processing of proinsulin into the mature insulin, the C-peptide is removed from proinsulin.
Proinsulin is a single chain polypeptide consisting of three regions: the N-terminal B-chain, the C-terminal A-chain, and a connecting peptide (C-peptide) in the middle. The connecting peptide or C-peptide is important because it connects the B-chain and A-chain of proinsulin.
During the processing of proinsulin, the C-peptide is cleaved enzymatically from the precursor molecule. This cleavage reaction is catalyzed by proteolytic enzymes called prohormone convertases (PCs) in the secretory granules of pancreatic beta-cells.
Once the C-peptide is removed, the remaining A and B chains of proinsulin are held together by disulfide bonds to form mature insulin. Mature insulin is then secreted into the bloodstream in response to increased glucose levels.
The removal of C-peptide is important for two reasons:
1. Regulation of insulin secretion: C-peptide is co-secreted with insulin in equimolar amounts, and its removal allows for more precise control of insulin secretion.
2. Diagnostic value: C-peptide levels can be measured in blood to assess insulin secretion and to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Since C-peptide has a longer half-life than insulin, measuring C-peptide levels can provide a more accurate assessment of insulin secretion over time.
In conclusion, during the processing of proinsulin into mature insulin, the C-peptide is enzymatically cleaved from the precursor molecule, leaving the A and B chains of insulin held together by disulfide bonds.
During the processing of proinsulin into the mature insulin, the C-peptide is removed from proinsulin.
Proinsulin is a single chain polypeptide consisting of three regions: the N-terminal B-chain, the C-terminal A-chain, and a connecting peptide (C-peptide) in the middle. The connecting peptide or C-peptide is important because it connects the B-chain and A-chain of proinsulin.
During the processing of proinsulin, the C-peptide is cleaved enzymatically from the precursor molecule. This cleavage reaction is catalyzed by proteolytic enzymes called prohormone convertases (PCs) in the secretory granules of pancreatic beta-cells.
Once the C-peptide is removed, the remaining A and B chains of proinsulin are held together by disulfide bonds to form mature insulin. Mature insulin is then secreted into the bloodstream in response to increased glucose levels.
The removal of C-peptide is important for two reasons:
1. Regulation of insulin secretion: C-peptide is co-secreted with insulin in equimolar amounts, and its removal allows for more precise control of insulin secretion.
2. Diagnostic value: C-peptide levels can be measured in blood to assess insulin secretion and to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Since C-peptide has a longer half-life than insulin, measuring C-peptide levels can provide a more accurate assessment of insulin secretion over time.
In conclusion, during the processing of proinsulin into mature insulin, the C-peptide is enzymatically cleaved from the precursor molecule, leaving the A and B chains of insulin held together by disulfide bonds.
What might be an advantage of beginning gene therapy prior to birth?- a)This would give the body plenty of time to utilise the new genes
- b)The body would not reject it as it has not yet recognised ‘self’
- c)The cells being extremely young, are more receptive to gene therapy
- d)Probably there is not any advantage
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What might be an advantage of beginning gene therapy prior to birth?
a)
This would give the body plenty of time to utilise the new genes
b)
The body would not reject it as it has not yet recognised ‘self’
c)
The cells being extremely young, are more receptive to gene therapy
d)
Probably there is not any advantage
|
Juhi Sharma answered |
The foreign genesc) It could potentially prevent the development of genetic disorders or diseases before they occurd) It could allow for more targeted and precise gene editing, as the cells and tissues are still developing and more malleablee) It could potentially eliminate the need for gene therapy later in life, as the corrected genes would be present from the beginningf) It could potentially improve the overall health and quality of life for individuals with genetic disorders or diseasesg) It could allow for the correction or modification of multiple genes simultaneously, addressing multiple issues at onceh) It could potentially prevent the transmission of genetic disorders or diseases to future generationsi) It could allow for early intervention and personalized treatment plans, leading to better outcomes and prognosis for individuals with genetic disorders or diseases.
The transgenic animals are those which have- a)Foreign RNA in all of its cells
- b)Foreign DNA in some of its cells
- c)Foreign DNA in all of its cells
- d)Both (a) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The transgenic animals are those which have
a)
Foreign RNA in all of its cells
b)
Foreign DNA in some of its cells
c)
Foreign DNA in all of its cells
d)
Both (a) and (c)
|
|
Sonal Chakraborty answered |
Transgenic Animals
Transgenic animals are those animals that have been genetically modified by the insertion of foreign DNA into their genome. This technology is widely used in biomedical research and biotechnology to study gene function, produce medically important proteins, and develop new therapies.
Foreign DNA in all of its cells
The correct answer to the question is option C, which is "Foreign DNA in all of its cells." This means that transgenic animals have foreign DNA integrated into their genome in every cell of their body. This is usually accomplished by injecting foreign DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg, which is then implanted into a surrogate mother.
Applications of Transgenic Animals
Transgenic animals have many applications in biomedical research and biotechnology, including:
1. Production of therapeutic proteins: Transgenic animals can be engineered to produce human proteins that are used in medicine, such as insulin, growth hormones, and clotting factors.
2. Disease modeling: Transgenic animals can be used to model human diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and cystic fibrosis.
3. Gene therapy: Transgenic animals can be used to test and develop gene therapy treatments for genetic diseases.
4. Agricultural applications: Transgenic animals can be engineered to have desirable traits, such as increased milk production or disease resistance.
5. Conservation: Transgenic animals can be used to save endangered species by introducing beneficial genes into their populations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, transgenic animals are those animals that have been genetically modified by the insertion of foreign DNA into their genome. This technology has many applications in biomedical research and biotechnology and has the potential to improve human health and conserve endangered species.
Transgenic animals are those animals that have been genetically modified by the insertion of foreign DNA into their genome. This technology is widely used in biomedical research and biotechnology to study gene function, produce medically important proteins, and develop new therapies.
Foreign DNA in all of its cells
The correct answer to the question is option C, which is "Foreign DNA in all of its cells." This means that transgenic animals have foreign DNA integrated into their genome in every cell of their body. This is usually accomplished by injecting foreign DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg, which is then implanted into a surrogate mother.
Applications of Transgenic Animals
Transgenic animals have many applications in biomedical research and biotechnology, including:
1. Production of therapeutic proteins: Transgenic animals can be engineered to produce human proteins that are used in medicine, such as insulin, growth hormones, and clotting factors.
2. Disease modeling: Transgenic animals can be used to model human diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and cystic fibrosis.
3. Gene therapy: Transgenic animals can be used to test and develop gene therapy treatments for genetic diseases.
4. Agricultural applications: Transgenic animals can be engineered to have desirable traits, such as increased milk production or disease resistance.
5. Conservation: Transgenic animals can be used to save endangered species by introducing beneficial genes into their populations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, transgenic animals are those animals that have been genetically modified by the insertion of foreign DNA into their genome. This technology has many applications in biomedical research and biotechnology and has the potential to improve human health and conserve endangered species.
Main objective of production of herbicide resistant GM crops is to- a)Encourage eco-friendlly herbicides
- b)Reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety
- c)Eliminate weeds from the fields without the use of manual labour
- d)Eliminate weeds from the fields without the use of herbicides
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Main objective of production of herbicide resistant GM crops is to
a)
Encourage eco-friendlly herbicides
b)
Reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety
c)
Eliminate weeds from the fields without the use of manual labour
d)
Eliminate weeds from the fields without the use of herbicides
|
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
Weeds such as Striga decrease crop yields and quality by competing with crop plants for light, water and nutrients. Weeds are to be removed with the help of herbicide (weed killer) Herbicide tolerance has been developed in maize, cotton, soybean, tobacco, etc. The main aim is to reduce herbicide accumulation in food products for health safety.
Which one of the following is not used as bio-fertiliser?- a)Bacillus thuringiensis
- b)Anabaena
- c)Nostoc
- d)Rhizobium
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is not used as bio-fertiliser?
a)
Bacillus thuringiensis
b)
Anabaena
c)
Nostoc
d)
Rhizobium
|
|
Nitya Saha answered |
Explanation:
Definition of Bio-fertilizer:
Bio-fertilizers are a type of fertilizers that contain living microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, which enhance the nutrient availability and uptake by plants. These microorganisms establish a symbiotic relationship with the plant roots and promote their growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, producing growth-promoting substances, and suppressing plant pathogens.
Options:
a) Bacillus thuringiensis
b) Anabaena
c) Nostoc
d) Rhizobium
Explanation of each option:
a) Bacillus thuringiensis:
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium that produces crystal proteins toxic to certain insect pests. It is widely used as a biological insecticide to control pests in agriculture and forestry. However, it is not used as a bio-fertilizer as it does not have the ability to fix nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus.
b) Anabaena:
Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. They form symbiotic associations with certain plants, such as Azolla (a floating aquatic fern), and provide them with nitrogen. Anabaena is commonly used as a bio-fertilizer in paddy fields to enhance nitrogen availability for rice plants.
c) Nostoc:
Nostoc is another genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen. Like Anabaena, Nostoc forms symbiotic associations with certain plants and contributes to nitrogen fixation. It is also used as a bio-fertilizer in paddy fields.
d) Rhizobium:
Rhizobium is a genus of soil bacteria that form symbiotic associations with leguminous plants (plants belonging to the family Fabaceae). These bacteria infect the root nodules of legumes and convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be utilized by the plant. Rhizobium is widely used as a bio-fertilizer for leguminous crops like peas, beans, and clover.
Conclusion:
Among the given options, Bacillus thuringiensis is not used as a bio-fertilizer because it does not possess the ability to fix nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus. The other options, Anabaena, Nostoc, and Rhizobium, are commonly used as bio-fertilizers due to their nitrogen-fixing capabilities.
Definition of Bio-fertilizer:
Bio-fertilizers are a type of fertilizers that contain living microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, which enhance the nutrient availability and uptake by plants. These microorganisms establish a symbiotic relationship with the plant roots and promote their growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, producing growth-promoting substances, and suppressing plant pathogens.
Options:
a) Bacillus thuringiensis
b) Anabaena
c) Nostoc
d) Rhizobium
Explanation of each option:
a) Bacillus thuringiensis:
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium that produces crystal proteins toxic to certain insect pests. It is widely used as a biological insecticide to control pests in agriculture and forestry. However, it is not used as a bio-fertilizer as it does not have the ability to fix nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus.
b) Anabaena:
Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. They form symbiotic associations with certain plants, such as Azolla (a floating aquatic fern), and provide them with nitrogen. Anabaena is commonly used as a bio-fertilizer in paddy fields to enhance nitrogen availability for rice plants.
c) Nostoc:
Nostoc is another genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen. Like Anabaena, Nostoc forms symbiotic associations with certain plants and contributes to nitrogen fixation. It is also used as a bio-fertilizer in paddy fields.
d) Rhizobium:
Rhizobium is a genus of soil bacteria that form symbiotic associations with leguminous plants (plants belonging to the family Fabaceae). These bacteria infect the root nodules of legumes and convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be utilized by the plant. Rhizobium is widely used as a bio-fertilizer for leguminous crops like peas, beans, and clover.
Conclusion:
Among the given options, Bacillus thuringiensis is not used as a bio-fertilizer because it does not possess the ability to fix nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus. The other options, Anabaena, Nostoc, and Rhizobium, are commonly used as bio-fertilizers due to their nitrogen-fixing capabilities.
A human protein which is being obtained from transgenic animals and is used to treat emphysema is- a)alpha-lactalbumin
- b)thyroxine
- c)α−1- antitrypsin
- d)insulin
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A human protein which is being obtained from transgenic animals and is used to treat emphysema is
a)
alpha-lactalbumin
b)
thyroxine
c)
α−1- antitrypsin
d)
insulin
|
|
Suresh Iyer answered |
A human protein which is obtained from transgenic animals and is used to treat emphysema is α−1-antitrypsin. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA which codes for particular product such as human proteins.
Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the genetic modification of corps?- a)It makes crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses
- b)It results in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants
- c)It helps to reduce post harvest losses
- d)It enhances the nutritional value of food
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the genetic modification of corps?
a)
It makes crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses
b)
It results in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants
c)
It helps to reduce post harvest losses
d)
It enhances the nutritional value of food
|
|
Kirti Khanna answered |
Genetic Modification of Crops
Introduction:
Genetic modification of crops involves the alteration of the genetic material of plants to achieve desirable traits. This can be done through various techniques such as gene insertion, gene deletion, and gene editing.
Statement:
The correct answer is option 'B' - Genetic modification of crops does not result in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants.
Explanation:
Genetic modification of crops has several benefits and can lead to various improvements in plants. However, it is important to note that not all statements regarding genetic modification are correct. Let's examine each option and understand why option 'B' is not correct.
a) It makes crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses:
Genetic modification can introduce genes into crops that enhance their tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. This can improve crop productivity and sustainability in challenging environments.
b) It results in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants:
This statement is incorrect. Genetic modification techniques can be used to improve the efficiency of mineral usage by plants. For example, genes can be inserted into crops to enhance their ability to take up and utilize essential minerals from the soil, resulting in improved nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency.
c) It helps to reduce post-harvest losses:
Genetic modification can help reduce post-harvest losses by enhancing traits such as disease resistance and improved shelf life. For example, crops can be genetically modified to have increased resistance to pests and diseases, reducing the risk of post-harvest losses due to these factors.
d) It enhances the nutritional value of food:
Genetic modification can be used to enhance the nutritional value of food by increasing the levels of essential nutrients or bioactive compounds. For example, crops can be genetically modified to have increased levels of vitamins, minerals, or antioxidants, resulting in improved nutritional content.
Conclusion:
Genetic modification of crops offers various benefits, including increased tolerance to abiotic stresses, reduction of post-harvest losses, and enhancement of nutritional value. However, it does not result in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants, as option 'B' incorrectly suggests.
Introduction:
Genetic modification of crops involves the alteration of the genetic material of plants to achieve desirable traits. This can be done through various techniques such as gene insertion, gene deletion, and gene editing.
Statement:
The correct answer is option 'B' - Genetic modification of crops does not result in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants.
Explanation:
Genetic modification of crops has several benefits and can lead to various improvements in plants. However, it is important to note that not all statements regarding genetic modification are correct. Let's examine each option and understand why option 'B' is not correct.
a) It makes crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses:
Genetic modification can introduce genes into crops that enhance their tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. This can improve crop productivity and sustainability in challenging environments.
b) It results in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants:
This statement is incorrect. Genetic modification techniques can be used to improve the efficiency of mineral usage by plants. For example, genes can be inserted into crops to enhance their ability to take up and utilize essential minerals from the soil, resulting in improved nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency.
c) It helps to reduce post-harvest losses:
Genetic modification can help reduce post-harvest losses by enhancing traits such as disease resistance and improved shelf life. For example, crops can be genetically modified to have increased resistance to pests and diseases, reducing the risk of post-harvest losses due to these factors.
d) It enhances the nutritional value of food:
Genetic modification can be used to enhance the nutritional value of food by increasing the levels of essential nutrients or bioactive compounds. For example, crops can be genetically modified to have increased levels of vitamins, minerals, or antioxidants, resulting in improved nutritional content.
Conclusion:
Genetic modification of crops offers various benefits, including increased tolerance to abiotic stresses, reduction of post-harvest losses, and enhancement of nutritional value. However, it does not result in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants, as option 'B' incorrectly suggests.
Some of the steps involved in the production of Humulin are given below. Choose the correct sequence.
(i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially.
(ii) Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
(iii) Purification of humulin.
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid.
(v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli.
(vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E.coli.- a)i, iii, v, vi, ii, iv
- b)ii, i, iv, iii. v, vi
- c)i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii
- d)iii, v, ii, i, vi, iv
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Some of the steps involved in the production of Humulin are given below. Choose the correct sequence.
(i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially.
(ii) Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
(iii) Purification of humulin.
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid.
(v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli.
(vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E.coli.
(i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially.
(ii) Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
(iii) Purification of humulin.
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid.
(v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli.
(vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E.coli.
a)
i, iii, v, vi, ii, iv
b)
ii, i, iv, iii. v, vi
c)
i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii
d)
iii, v, ii, i, vi, iv
|
|
Jyoti Sengupta answered |
The correct sequence is
1.Synthesis of the gene for human insulin artificially.
2.Insertion of human insulin.
3.Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
4. Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
5.Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E.
6.Purification of Humulin.
So, the correct option is 'i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii'.
1.Synthesis of the gene for human insulin artificially.
2.Insertion of human insulin.
3.Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
4. Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
5.Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E.
6.Purification of Humulin.
So, the correct option is 'i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii'.
Though Green Revolution has been a resounding success in terms of agricultural, production, yet it has failed in its overall social objectives because- a)it has not succeeded in making India totally and permanently self-sufficient in food
- b)use of agrochemicals becomes very expensive for Indian farmers as well as these have harmful effects on environment
- c)in regional terms, only Punjab and Haryana states, and the eastern plains of river Ganges in West Bengal state, showed reasonably good results, but results were less impressive in other parts of India
- d)all of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Though Green Revolution has been a resounding success in terms of agricultural, production, yet it has failed in its overall social objectives because
a)
it has not succeeded in making India totally and permanently self-sufficient in food
b)
use of agrochemicals becomes very expensive for Indian farmers as well as these have harmful effects on environment
c)
in regional terms, only Punjab and Haryana states, and the eastern plains of river Ganges in West Bengal state, showed reasonably good results, but results were less impressive in other parts of India
d)
all of these
|
|
Jyoti Sengupta answered |
The development of several high yielding varieties of wheat and rice in 1960 increased yields per unit area. This phase is often called the Green Revolution. However, for farmers in the developing world, agrochemicals are often too expensive, and further increase in yield with existing varieties are not possible using conventional breeding. Thus, it has not fully succeeded in making India totally self-sufficient in food with only some parts showing impressive results.
Which of the following statements is/are correct with regard to the disadvantages of GM crops?- a)GM crops can affect human health by causing allergic reactions
- b)Transgenes in commercial crops can endanger native species e.g., the Bt toxin gene expressed in pollen might endanger pollinators like honeybees
- c)Production of GM crops causes damage to the natural environment and its always costly
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements is/are correct with regard to the disadvantages of GM crops?
a)
GM crops can affect human health by causing allergic reactions
b)
Transgenes in commercial crops can endanger native species e.g., the Bt toxin gene expressed in pollen might endanger pollinators like honeybees
c)
Production of GM crops causes damage to the natural environment and its always costly
d)
All of these
|
|
Priya Menon answered |
The transgenic food, containing enyme produced by antibiotic gene, can cause allergies because it is a foreign protein. The bacteria present in alimentary canal can take up antibiotic resistance gene and become resistant to that antibiotic. Transgenes can endanger native species if Bt toxin is expressed in pollens which are transported by pollinator honeybees. GM crop production causes changes in natural environment which may be harmful for all organisms.
Genetic engineering is possible, because- a)we can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNAase
- b)restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro
- c)the phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood
- d)we can see DNA by electron microscope
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Genetic engineering is possible, because
a)
we can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNAase
b)
restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro
c)
the phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood
d)
we can see DNA by electron microscope
|
|
Mrinalini Kaur answered |
Understanding Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is a powerful technique that allows scientists to modify an organism's DNA. This capability hinges on several key processes, one of which is the ability to cut DNA at specific sites.
Key Process: Cutting DNA
- Genetic engineering is fundamentally reliant on the ability to manipulate DNA.
- Endonucleases, particularly restriction endonucleases, are essential tools in this process.
- These enzymes can recognize specific nucleotide sequences in the DNA and cleave it at designated locations.
Role of Restriction Endonucleases
- Purified restriction endonucleases obtained from bacteria are widely used in laboratory settings.
- They enable scientists to cut DNA at predictable sites, facilitating the insertion or deletion of specific genes.
- This precision allows for the creation of recombinant DNA, where DNA from different sources can be joined together.
Importance of Specificity
- The specificity of these enzymes ensures that only targeted sequences are modified, minimizing unintended changes to the organism's genome.
- The ability to manipulate DNA in this manner has led to advances in biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.
Conclusion
While other options, such as transduction and visualization of DNA, play roles in genetics, they do not directly enable the precise modification of DNA. The capacity to cut DNA at specific sites is the cornerstone of genetic engineering, making option 'A' the correct answer.
Genetic engineering is a powerful technique that allows scientists to modify an organism's DNA. This capability hinges on several key processes, one of which is the ability to cut DNA at specific sites.
Key Process: Cutting DNA
- Genetic engineering is fundamentally reliant on the ability to manipulate DNA.
- Endonucleases, particularly restriction endonucleases, are essential tools in this process.
- These enzymes can recognize specific nucleotide sequences in the DNA and cleave it at designated locations.
Role of Restriction Endonucleases
- Purified restriction endonucleases obtained from bacteria are widely used in laboratory settings.
- They enable scientists to cut DNA at predictable sites, facilitating the insertion or deletion of specific genes.
- This precision allows for the creation of recombinant DNA, where DNA from different sources can be joined together.
Importance of Specificity
- The specificity of these enzymes ensures that only targeted sequences are modified, minimizing unintended changes to the organism's genome.
- The ability to manipulate DNA in this manner has led to advances in biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.
Conclusion
While other options, such as transduction and visualization of DNA, play roles in genetics, they do not directly enable the precise modification of DNA. The capacity to cut DNA at specific sites is the cornerstone of genetic engineering, making option 'A' the correct answer.
Read the given statements and select the correct optionStatement 1: Foods derived from transgenic crops are called as GM foods
Statement 2: Health and food safety concerns have been raised to ensure the safety of GM foods.- a)Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
- b)Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
- c)Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
- d)Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the given statements and select the correct option
Statement 1: Foods derived from transgenic crops are called as GM foods
Statement 2: Health and food safety concerns have been raised to ensure the safety of GM foods.
Statement 2: Health and food safety concerns have been raised to ensure the safety of GM foods.
a)
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
b)
Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
c)
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
d)
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
|
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
Crops in which foreign genes been introduced through genetic engineering are called genetically modified crops or GM foods. There have been many health and safety concern, therefore, such foods undergo lots of examination before release.
First genetically modified plant commercially released in India is- a)Golden Rice
- b)flavr savr
- c)Bt-Brinjal
- d)Bt-cotton
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
First genetically modified plant commercially released in India is
a)
Golden Rice
b)
flavr savr
c)
Bt-Brinjal
d)
Bt-cotton
|
|
Priya Menon answered |
The Government has agreed to allow cultivation of genetically modified Bt Cotton. Bt cotton farming has shown good results in Malwa region in punjab
Which Indian plants have either been patented or attempts have been made to patent them by western nations for their commercial use?- a)Basmati rice
- b)Turmeric
- c)Neem
- d)All of these have been targeted
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which Indian plants have either been patented or attempts have been made to patent them by western nations for their commercial use?
a)
Basmati rice
b)
Turmeric
c)
Neem
d)
All of these have been targeted
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
India is a country rich in tradition and expertise in natural medicines, spices, food preparations, biological pesticides and divers agriculture. Through painting without consist, foreign companies have collared at least 22 plants for their beneficial derivatives. Patients have been taken out on plants such as black papper (Piper nigrum), basmati rice (Oryaza sativa) Indian mustard (Brassica Campestris). Pomegranate (Punica granatum), turmeric (Curcuma domestica) and neem (Azadirachta indica). US, Japanse and German companies are the principal patenting pirates.
Read the given statements and select the correct option Statement 1: Ti plasmid obtained from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is effectively used as a vector for gene transfer in plant cells.
Statement 2: The part of Ti plasmid transferred into the DNA of plant cells is called as T-DNA.- a)Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
- b)Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
- c)Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
- d)Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the given statements and select the correct option
Statement 1: Ti plasmid obtained from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is effectively used as a vector for gene transfer in plant cells.
Statement 2: The part of Ti plasmid transferred into the DNA of plant cells is called as T-DNA.
Statement 2: The part of Ti plasmid transferred into the DNA of plant cells is called as T-DNA.
a)
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
b)
Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
c)
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
d)
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
|
Dev Patel answered |
Ti plasmid (tumour inducing) from the soil bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens is effectively used as vector for gene transfer to plant cells. this bacterium induces tumors in broad leaf plants such as tomato, tobacco and soybean.
The plasmid is "disarmed" by deletion of the tumour inducing genes. These transformed bacteria can still infect plant cells. The part of Ti plasmid transferred into plant cell DNA, is called T-DNA. This T-DNA with desired DNA spliced into it, is inserted into the chromosomes of the host plant where it produces copies of itself by migrating from one chromosomal position to another at random, but it no longer produces tumors.
Which of the following agricultural challenges cannot be solved with transgenic techniques?- a)Crops are damaged by frost or drought
- b)Crops are damaged by insect pests
- c)Public concern about safety of synthetic pesticides
- d)Public preference for organic vegetables
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following agricultural challenges cannot be solved with transgenic techniques?
a)
Crops are damaged by frost or drought
b)
Crops are damaged by insect pests
c)
Public concern about safety of synthetic pesticides
d)
Public preference for organic vegetables
|
|
Geetika Shah answered |
Transgenic techniques in crops can make crops more resistant to many detrimental factors.
This confers pest resistance and temperature adjustability and avoiding the use of harmful synthetic pesticides.
But the pant or crop does not remain completely Organic in nature.
So, the correct option is 'Public preference for organic vegetables'.
This confers pest resistance and temperature adjustability and avoiding the use of harmful synthetic pesticides.
But the pant or crop does not remain completely Organic in nature.
So, the correct option is 'Public preference for organic vegetables'.
Read the given statements and select the correct optionStatement 1: PCR technique is helpful in detecting bacterial and viral diseases even when symptoms of the disease are not yet visible
Statement 2: Very low concentrations of bacteria or viruses in human body can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acids using the PCR technique- a)Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
- b)Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
- c)Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
- d)Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the given statements and select the correct option
Statement 1: PCR technique is helpful in detecting bacterial and viral diseases even when symptoms of the disease are not yet visible
Statement 2: Very low concentrations of bacteria or viruses in human body can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acids using the PCR technique
Statement 2: Very low concentrations of bacteria or viruses in human body can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acids using the PCR technique
a)
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
b)
Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
c)
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
d)
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
|
|
Jyoti Sengupta answered |
The technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been applied to detect HIV in suspects AIDS patients and to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients.
Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. Examples of such plants are- a)cotton and corn
- b)rice and potato
- c)tomato and soybean
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. Examples of such plants are
a)
cotton and corn
b)
rice and potato
c)
tomato and soybean
d)
All of these
|
|
Mira Tiwari answered |
Cloning of Bt toxin gene from bacteria and expression in plants has been a major breakthrough in providing resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. Several crops have been genetically modified using this technology to protect them from insect pests.
List of Plants Modified using Bt Toxin Gene:
- Cotton: Cotton plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from bollworms. The Bt cotton variety has been successful in reducing the damage caused by bollworms and increasing the cotton yield.
- Corn: Corn plants have also been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to provide protection against European corn borer and corn earworm. The Bt corn variety has been widely adopted by farmers in the United States and other countries.
- Rice: Rice plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from the yellow stem borer. The Bt rice variety is currently being tested in several countries.
- Potato: Potato plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from the Colorado potato beetle. The Bt potato variety has been approved for cultivation in several countries.
- Tomato: Tomato plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from the tomato fruitworm. The Bt tomato variety is currently being tested in several countries.
- Soybean: Soybean plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from the soybean looper and velvetbean caterpillar. The Bt soybean variety is currently being tested in several countries.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, several crops have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. The Bt crops have been successful in reducing the damage caused by insect pests and increasing the crop yield.
List of Plants Modified using Bt Toxin Gene:
- Cotton: Cotton plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from bollworms. The Bt cotton variety has been successful in reducing the damage caused by bollworms and increasing the cotton yield.
- Corn: Corn plants have also been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to provide protection against European corn borer and corn earworm. The Bt corn variety has been widely adopted by farmers in the United States and other countries.
- Rice: Rice plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from the yellow stem borer. The Bt rice variety is currently being tested in several countries.
- Potato: Potato plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from the Colorado potato beetle. The Bt potato variety has been approved for cultivation in several countries.
- Tomato: Tomato plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from the tomato fruitworm. The Bt tomato variety is currently being tested in several countries.
- Soybean: Soybean plants have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to protect them from the soybean looper and velvetbean caterpillar. The Bt soybean variety is currently being tested in several countries.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, several crops have been genetically modified using Bt toxin gene to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. The Bt crops have been successful in reducing the damage caused by insect pests and increasing the crop yield.
Which step has been taken by Government of India to cater to the requirement of patent terms and other emergency provisions in this regard?- a)Biopiracy Act
- b)Indian Patents Bill
- c)ETI Act
- d)Negotiable instruments Act
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which step has been taken by Government of India to cater to the requirement of patent terms and other emergency provisions in this regard?
a)
Biopiracy Act
b)
Indian Patents Bill
c)
ETI Act
d)
Negotiable instruments Act
|
|
Dev Patel answered |
The Indian Parliament has cleared the second amendment of the Indian Patents Bill. It takes into consideration unauthorised exploitation of bio-resources. It also involves patent terms, emergency provisions and research and development initiative.
Which of the following statements is incorrect about gene therapy in ADA deficiency?- a)Lymphocytes from patient's blood are taken out and cultured
- b)A functional ADA−cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes
- c)Lymphocytes are then introduced in the body of patient
- d)Patient does not require periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements is incorrect about gene therapy in ADA deficiency?
a)
Lymphocytes from patient's blood are taken out and cultured
b)
A functional ADA−cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes
c)
Lymphocytes are then introduced in the body of patient
d)
Patient does not require periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes
|
Lavanya Menon answered |
As a first step towards gene therapy, lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body. A functional ADA−cDNA (using a retroviral vector) is then introduced into these lymphocytes, which are subsequently returned to the body of the patient. However, as these cells are not immortal, the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes.
Hirudin is- a)a protein produced by Hordeum vulgare, which is rich in lysine
- b)a toxic molecule isolated from Gossypium hirsutum, which reduces human fertility
- c)a protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus, which prevents blood clotting
- d)an antibiotic produced by a genetically engineered bacterium, Escherichia coli
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Hirudin is
a)
a protein produced by Hordeum vulgare, which is rich in lysine
b)
a toxic molecule isolated from Gossypium hirsutum, which reduces human fertility
c)
a protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus, which prevents blood clotting
d)
an antibiotic produced by a genetically engineered bacterium, Escherichia coli
|
Nilesh Choudhury answered |
Hirudin is a protein that prevents blood clotting. It is produced from transgenic Brassica napus, a plant known as rapeseed. Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
Transgenic Brassica napus
- Transgenic plants are those that have undergone genetic modification to express a desired trait.
- Brassica napus is a plant in the mustard family that is commonly used for oilseed production.
- In this case, the plant has been genetically modified to produce hirudin.
Hirudin
- Hirudin is a protein that is naturally found in the saliva of leeches.
- It is a potent anticoagulant, meaning it prevents blood clotting.
- Hirudin works by inhibiting the activity of thrombin, an enzyme that plays a key role in blood clotting.
Medical applications of hirudin
- Hirudin has been used as a therapeutic agent for certain medical conditions.
- It has been used to prevent blood clots in patients undergoing surgery or those with a high risk of developing blood clots.
- Hirudin has also been used to treat certain types of heart attacks and strokes.
Production of hirudin in transgenic plants
- The genetic modification of Brassica napus involves the introduction of a gene that encodes for hirudin.
- The gene is typically introduced using a vector, which is a carrier molecule that can deliver the gene into the plant's cells.
- Once the gene is integrated into the plant's genome, it is expressed and the plant produces hirudin.
- The hirudin can then be extracted from the plant and purified for use in medical applications.
Transgenic Brassica napus
- Transgenic plants are those that have undergone genetic modification to express a desired trait.
- Brassica napus is a plant in the mustard family that is commonly used for oilseed production.
- In this case, the plant has been genetically modified to produce hirudin.
Hirudin
- Hirudin is a protein that is naturally found in the saliva of leeches.
- It is a potent anticoagulant, meaning it prevents blood clotting.
- Hirudin works by inhibiting the activity of thrombin, an enzyme that plays a key role in blood clotting.
Medical applications of hirudin
- Hirudin has been used as a therapeutic agent for certain medical conditions.
- It has been used to prevent blood clots in patients undergoing surgery or those with a high risk of developing blood clots.
- Hirudin has also been used to treat certain types of heart attacks and strokes.
Production of hirudin in transgenic plants
- The genetic modification of Brassica napus involves the introduction of a gene that encodes for hirudin.
- The gene is typically introduced using a vector, which is a carrier molecule that can deliver the gene into the plant's cells.
- Once the gene is integrated into the plant's genome, it is expressed and the plant produces hirudin.
- The hirudin can then be extracted from the plant and purified for use in medical applications.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the process of RNA interference?(i) This is used to prevent the infestation of protozoans.
(ii) It takes place in some eukaryotic and all prokaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
(iii) The method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule.
(iv) It is a novel strategy to produce pest-resistant plants.- a)(iii) and (iv)
- b)(i) and (iii)
- c)(i) and (ii)
- d)(ii), (iii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the process of RNA interference?
(i) This is used to prevent the infestation of protozoans.
(ii) It takes place in some eukaryotic and all prokaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
(iii) The method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule.
(iv) It is a novel strategy to produce pest-resistant plants.
(ii) It takes place in some eukaryotic and all prokaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
(iii) The method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule.
(iv) It is a novel strategy to produce pest-resistant plants.
a)
(iii) and (iv)
b)
(i) and (iii)
c)
(i) and (ii)
d)
(ii), (iii) and (iv)
|
|
Geetika Shah answered |
RNAi or RNA interference takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA. Using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode specific genes are introduced into the host plant (tobacco plant). The introduction of DNA was such that it produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells. These two RNAs being complementary to each other formed a dsRNA (double stranded RNA) that initiated RNAi.
For effective treatment of a disease- a)early diagnosis is required but understanding of its pathophysiology is not required.
- b)early diagnosis is not required but understanding of its pathophysiology is required.
- c)early diagnosis and understanding of its pathophysiology are required.
- d)neither early diagnosis nor understanding of its pathophysiology is required.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
For effective treatment of a disease
a)
early diagnosis is required but understanding of its pathophysiology is not required.
b)
early diagnosis is not required but understanding of its pathophysiology is required.
c)
early diagnosis and understanding of its pathophysiology are required.
d)
neither early diagnosis nor understanding of its pathophysiology is required.
|
Arpita Saha answered |
Importance of Early Diagnosis and Understanding Pathophysiology in Effective Disease Treatment
Early diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiology of a disease are crucial for effective treatment. Let's explore why.
1. Early Diagnosis
Early diagnosis of a disease allows for prompt treatment, which can improve outcomes and even save lives. When a disease is caught early, it may be easier to treat before it progresses or causes irreversible damage. For example, early detection of cancer can increase the chances of successful treatment and cure. Additionally, early diagnosis can prevent the spread of infectious diseases to others.
2. Understanding Pathophysiology
To effectively treat a disease, it is essential to understand its underlying pathophysiology. Pathophysiology refers to the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease. By understanding the mechanisms of a disease, healthcare providers can tailor treatments to target the specific processes involved. For example, understanding the pathophysiology of asthma can lead to the development of medications that target the airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction that cause asthma symptoms.
3. Importance of Early Diagnosis and Understanding Pathophysiology Together
Early diagnosis and understanding of pathophysiology work together to provide the best possible treatment for a disease. Without early diagnosis, a disease may progress too far for effective treatment. Without understanding pathophysiology, treatments may not effectively target the underlying mechanisms of the disease and may be less effective or even harmful. Together, early diagnosis and understanding pathophysiology can lead to the most effective and tailored treatment plans for each patient.
In conclusion, early diagnosis and understanding pathophysiology are both crucial for effective disease treatment. Without either of these components, treatment may be less effective or even harmful. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize both early diagnosis and understanding pathophysiology in healthcare.
Early diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiology of a disease are crucial for effective treatment. Let's explore why.
1. Early Diagnosis
Early diagnosis of a disease allows for prompt treatment, which can improve outcomes and even save lives. When a disease is caught early, it may be easier to treat before it progresses or causes irreversible damage. For example, early detection of cancer can increase the chances of successful treatment and cure. Additionally, early diagnosis can prevent the spread of infectious diseases to others.
2. Understanding Pathophysiology
To effectively treat a disease, it is essential to understand its underlying pathophysiology. Pathophysiology refers to the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease. By understanding the mechanisms of a disease, healthcare providers can tailor treatments to target the specific processes involved. For example, understanding the pathophysiology of asthma can lead to the development of medications that target the airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction that cause asthma symptoms.
3. Importance of Early Diagnosis and Understanding Pathophysiology Together
Early diagnosis and understanding of pathophysiology work together to provide the best possible treatment for a disease. Without early diagnosis, a disease may progress too far for effective treatment. Without understanding pathophysiology, treatments may not effectively target the underlying mechanisms of the disease and may be less effective or even harmful. Together, early diagnosis and understanding pathophysiology can lead to the most effective and tailored treatment plans for each patient.
In conclusion, early diagnosis and understanding pathophysiology are both crucial for effective disease treatment. Without either of these components, treatment may be less effective or even harmful. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize both early diagnosis and understanding pathophysiology in healthcare.
Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing- a)Transgenic mice for testing safety of the polio vaccine before use in humans
- b)Transgenic Cow — Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee
- c)Animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing
a)
Transgenic mice for testing safety of the polio vaccine before use in humans
b)
Transgenic Cow — Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee
c)
Animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power
d)
All of these
|
|
Dhruba Chakraborty answered |
For producing human insulin
c)Transgenic plants for increased resistance to pests and diseases
d)All of the above
The correct answer is d) All of the above. Genetic engineering has been used in various fields including medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology to produce transgenic organisms with desired traits or functions. Transgenic mice have been used for safety testing of vaccines, transgenic cows for producing human insulin, and transgenic plants for increased resistance to pests and diseases.
c)Transgenic plants for increased resistance to pests and diseases
d)All of the above
The correct answer is d) All of the above. Genetic engineering has been used in various fields including medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology to produce transgenic organisms with desired traits or functions. Transgenic mice have been used for safety testing of vaccines, transgenic cows for producing human insulin, and transgenic plants for increased resistance to pests and diseases.
Which of the following statements regarding the structure of proinsulin and mature insulin are not correct?
(i) Proinsulin is made up of three polypeptide chains- A, B and C.
(ii) C - polypeptide chain with 33 amino adds is removed prior to insulin formation.
(iii) Mature insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains- A and B.
(iv) Polypeptide chain A has 30 amino acids and polypeptide chain B has 21 amino acids.
(v) Polypeptide chains A and B are interconnected by only one S−S linkage.- a)(i) and (ii)
- b)(iii) and (iv)
- c)(iv) and (v)
- d)(iii), (iv) and (v)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements regarding the structure of proinsulin and mature insulin are not correct?
(i) Proinsulin is made up of three polypeptide chains- A, B and C.
(ii) C - polypeptide chain with 33 amino adds is removed prior to insulin formation.
(iii) Mature insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains- A and B.
(iv) Polypeptide chain A has 30 amino acids and polypeptide chain B has 21 amino acids.
(v) Polypeptide chains A and B are interconnected by only one S−S linkage.
(i) Proinsulin is made up of three polypeptide chains- A, B and C.
(ii) C - polypeptide chain with 33 amino adds is removed prior to insulin formation.
(iii) Mature insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains- A and B.
(iv) Polypeptide chain A has 30 amino acids and polypeptide chain B has 21 amino acids.
(v) Polypeptide chains A and B are interconnected by only one S−S linkage.
a)
(i) and (ii)
b)
(iii) and (iv)
c)
(iv) and (v)
d)
(iii), (iv) and (v)
|
|
Lavanya Menon answered |
Human insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains: A, having 21 amino acids and B, with 30 amino acids. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide bridges.
Which of the following genes were introduced in cotton to protect it from cotton bollworms?- a)CryAz and CryAb
- b)BtAc and BtAb
- c)CrylAc and CryllAb
- d)Nif genes
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following genes were introduced in cotton to protect it from cotton bollworms?
a)
CryAz and CryAb
b)
BtAc and BtAb
c)
CrylAc and CryllAb
d)
Nif genes
|
|
Tanishq Banerjee answered |
Introduction:
In order to protect cotton plants from cotton bollworms, scientists introduced specific genes into cotton that produce proteins toxic to these pests. The most commonly used genes in genetically modified cotton are CrylAc and CryllAb.
Explanation:
CrylAc gene:
- The CrylAc gene comes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a soil bacterium that produces a toxin harmful to many insect pests.
- This gene codes for a protein called CrylAc, which is toxic to the larvae of cotton bollworms.
- When the cotton plant expresses this gene, it produces the CrylAc protein, which binds to the gut lining of the cotton bollworm larvae, causing the gut to rupture and leading to the death of the pest.
CryllAb gene:
- The CryllAb gene is another variant of the Bt gene, also derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.
- It codes for a slightly different protein called CryllAb, which is also toxic to cotton bollworms.
- Similar to CrylAc, when the cotton plant expresses this gene, it produces the CryllAb protein, which acts in the same way by binding to the gut lining of the cotton bollworm larvae and causing their death.
Why CrylAc and CryllAb?
- Cotton bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera) are among the most destructive pests for cotton crops, causing significant yield losses.
- The use of CrylAc and CryllAb genes in genetically modified cotton has been proven to effectively control these pests.
- These genes provide an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical insecticides, as the proteins produced by the genes are specific to cotton bollworms and do not harm other organisms.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is option 'c' (CrylAc and CryllAb). These genes were introduced in cotton to protect it from cotton bollworms as they produce toxic proteins that specifically target and kill these pests, providing an effective and environmentally friendly pest control method for cotton crops.
In order to protect cotton plants from cotton bollworms, scientists introduced specific genes into cotton that produce proteins toxic to these pests. The most commonly used genes in genetically modified cotton are CrylAc and CryllAb.
Explanation:
CrylAc gene:
- The CrylAc gene comes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a soil bacterium that produces a toxin harmful to many insect pests.
- This gene codes for a protein called CrylAc, which is toxic to the larvae of cotton bollworms.
- When the cotton plant expresses this gene, it produces the CrylAc protein, which binds to the gut lining of the cotton bollworm larvae, causing the gut to rupture and leading to the death of the pest.
CryllAb gene:
- The CryllAb gene is another variant of the Bt gene, also derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.
- It codes for a slightly different protein called CryllAb, which is also toxic to cotton bollworms.
- Similar to CrylAc, when the cotton plant expresses this gene, it produces the CryllAb protein, which acts in the same way by binding to the gut lining of the cotton bollworm larvae and causing their death.
Why CrylAc and CryllAb?
- Cotton bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera) are among the most destructive pests for cotton crops, causing significant yield losses.
- The use of CrylAc and CryllAb genes in genetically modified cotton has been proven to effectively control these pests.
- These genes provide an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical insecticides, as the proteins produced by the genes are specific to cotton bollworms and do not harm other organisms.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is option 'c' (CrylAc and CryllAb). These genes were introduced in cotton to protect it from cotton bollworms as they produce toxic proteins that specifically target and kill these pests, providing an effective and environmentally friendly pest control method for cotton crops.
Which of the following is not a benefit of transgenic animals?- a)Investigation of new treatments for diseases
- b)Early detection of diseases
- c)Testing the safety of vaccines
- d)To produce useful biological products
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is not a benefit of transgenic animals?
a)
Investigation of new treatments for diseases
b)
Early detection of diseases
c)
Testing the safety of vaccines
d)
To produce useful biological products
|
|
Suresh Iyer answered |
Early diagnosis of disease cannot be done by transgenic animals but through techniques such as PCR and ELISA.
Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express a foreign gene are called- a)transgenic animals
- b)somatic hybrids
- c)somaclones
- d)super animals
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express a foreign gene are called
a)
transgenic animals
b)
somatic hybrids
c)
somaclones
d)
super animals
|
|
Vivek Patel answered |
The animals which carry foreign genes are called transgenic animals. The foreign genes inserted into the genome of the animal using recombinant DNA technology are called transgenes.
'Golden rice' developed through transgene approach is enriched with- a)high lysine content
- b)high methionine content
- c)high glutenin content
- d)high vitamin A content
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
'Golden rice' developed through transgene approach is enriched with
a)
high lysine content
b)
high methionine content
c)
high glutenin content
d)
high vitamin A content
|
|
Priya Menon answered |
Rice is a staple food in many countries, particularly in Asia, but does not contain vitamin A or its immediate precursors. By inserting two genes from Daffodil and one gene from a bacterial species into rice plants, Swiss researchers have produced rice capable of synthesising β-carotene, the precursor of vitamin A. Vitamin A is required by all individuals as it is present in retina of eyes. Deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness and skin disorders. This rice is called 'Golden rice' because of yellow colour of rice grains due to the presence of β-carotene.
The Bt toxin is not toxic to human beings because- a)the pro Bt toxin activation requires temperature above human body temperature
- b)the Bt toxin recognises only insect-specific targets
- c)the pro Bt toxin activation requires pH lower than that present in human stomach
- d)conversion of pro Bt toxin to Bt toxin takes place in highly alkaline conditions
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The Bt toxin is not toxic to human beings because
a)
the pro Bt toxin activation requires temperature above human body temperature
b)
the Bt toxin recognises only insect-specific targets
c)
the pro Bt toxin activation requires pH lower than that present in human stomach
d)
conversion of pro Bt toxin to Bt toxin takes place in highly alkaline conditions
|
|
Preeti Iyer answered |
Conversion of pro Bt toxin to Bt toxin takes place in highly alkaline conditions which are not present in human stomach. Human stomach is acidic in nature.
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