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All questions of The Mauryan Empire for UPSC CSE Exam
Which one of the following was the actual cause of the Kalinga war?- a)Ashoka wanted to control both the land and sea routes to south India, and any hostile power obstructing the route would have had to be conquered.
- b)Kalinga had grown very powerful during the reign of Bindusara and was posing a danger to the Mauryan empire.
- c)The Nagas, the sea-faring people of Kalinga, were indulged in piracy and obstructing the foreign trade.
- d)Kalinga was a thorn in the body-politik of the empire.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following was the actual cause of the Kalinga war?
a)
Ashoka wanted to control both the land and sea routes to south India, and any hostile power obstructing the route would have had to be conquered.
b)
Kalinga had grown very powerful during the reign of Bindusara and was posing a danger to the Mauryan empire.
c)
The Nagas, the sea-faring people of Kalinga, were indulged in piracy and obstructing the foreign trade.
d)
Kalinga was a thorn in the body-politik of the empire.
|
Dipika Joshi answered |
The actual cause of the Kalinga war was that Ashoka wanted to control both the land and sea routes to south India, and any hostile power obstructing the route would have had to be conquered. This can be explained under the following headings:
Background:
During the reign of Ashoka's father Bindusara, Kalinga had grown powerful and was posing a potential danger to the Mauryan empire. Ashoka, who was initially a ruthless and ambitious ruler, saw Kalinga as a thorn in the body-politik of the empire and decided to conquer it.
Ashoka's Ambition:
Ashoka wanted to control both the land and sea routes to south India as it was a significant trade route. Kalinga, being a coastal region, had control over the sea route to south India. Therefore, any hostile power obstructing the route had to be conquered, and Ashoka saw Kalinga as a threat to his ambition.
The War:
In 261 BCE, Ashoka attacked Kalinga with a massive army, which resulted in a bloody war that lasted for two years. The war was one of the bloodiest in ancient Indian history, resulting in the death of over a hundred thousand people and the enslavement of many more.
Aftermath:
The war had a profound impact on Ashoka, who was deeply affected by the human suffering he witnessed. He renounced violence and embraced Buddhism, becoming a pacifist and a patron of the religion. He also implemented policies of non-violence and religious tolerance throughout his empire.
In conclusion, the actual cause of the Kalinga war was Ashoka's ambition to control the trade routes to south India, and Kalinga's obstruction of the sea route was seen as a threat to his ambition. The war had a profound impact on Ashoka and led to his transformation as a ruler.
Background:
During the reign of Ashoka's father Bindusara, Kalinga had grown powerful and was posing a potential danger to the Mauryan empire. Ashoka, who was initially a ruthless and ambitious ruler, saw Kalinga as a thorn in the body-politik of the empire and decided to conquer it.
Ashoka's Ambition:
Ashoka wanted to control both the land and sea routes to south India as it was a significant trade route. Kalinga, being a coastal region, had control over the sea route to south India. Therefore, any hostile power obstructing the route had to be conquered, and Ashoka saw Kalinga as a threat to his ambition.
The War:
In 261 BCE, Ashoka attacked Kalinga with a massive army, which resulted in a bloody war that lasted for two years. The war was one of the bloodiest in ancient Indian history, resulting in the death of over a hundred thousand people and the enslavement of many more.
Aftermath:
The war had a profound impact on Ashoka, who was deeply affected by the human suffering he witnessed. He renounced violence and embraced Buddhism, becoming a pacifist and a patron of the religion. He also implemented policies of non-violence and religious tolerance throughout his empire.
In conclusion, the actual cause of the Kalinga war was Ashoka's ambition to control the trade routes to south India, and Kalinga's obstruction of the sea route was seen as a threat to his ambition. The war had a profound impact on Ashoka and led to his transformation as a ruler.
Which one of the following Mauryan provinces had a foreign Governor?- a)Tosali
- b)Saurashtra
- c)Ujjain
- d)Taxila
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following Mauryan provinces had a foreign Governor?
a)
Tosali
b)
Saurashtra
c)
Ujjain
d)
Taxila
|
|
Ræjû Bhæï answered |
Saurashtra, and some part of it also known as Sorath or Kathiawar, is a peninsular region of Gujarat, India, located on the Arabian Sea coast. It covers about a third of Gujarat state, notably 11 districts of Gujarat, including Rajkot District.
Which Ceylonese king, a contemporary of Ashoka, modelled himself on the latter?- a)Upali
- b)Tissa
- c)Meghavarman
- d)Shailendra
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which Ceylonese king, a contemporary of Ashoka, modelled himself on the latter?
a)
Upali
b)
Tissa
c)
Meghavarman
d)
Shailendra
|
Avantika Chopra answered |
King Tissa of Ceylon was a contemporary of Ashoka, the Mauryan Emperor of India. He modelled himself on Ashoka and his policies of non-violence and religious tolerance.
Historical Background:
- Tissa was the third king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom in Ceylon.
- He ruled from 307 BC to 267 BC, during the same period as Ashoka's reign in India.
- At that time, Ceylon was divided into several small kingdoms, and Anuradhapura was one of them.
King Tissa's Policies:
- Tissa was inspired by Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism and his policy of non-violence.
- He embraced Buddhism and made it the state religion of Ceylon.
- He built several Buddhist temples and monasteries, including the famous Mahavihara monastery.
- Tissa also encouraged the spread of Buddhism to other countries, including Burma and Thailand.
- He fostered religious tolerance and allowed other religions to coexist with Buddhism.
Comparison with Ashoka:
- Tissa's policies were similar to Ashoka's policies of non-violence, religious tolerance, and support for Buddhism.
- Both kings were contemporaries and communicated with each other through emissaries.
- However, Tissa's influence was limited to Ceylon, while Ashoka's influence extended to most of the Indian subcontinent.
Conclusion:
- King Tissa of Ceylon modelled himself on Ashoka and his policies of non-violence, religious tolerance, and support for Buddhism.
- Tissa's reign was a period of peace and prosperity in Ceylon, and his policies had a lasting impact on the country's culture and religion.
Historical Background:
- Tissa was the third king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom in Ceylon.
- He ruled from 307 BC to 267 BC, during the same period as Ashoka's reign in India.
- At that time, Ceylon was divided into several small kingdoms, and Anuradhapura was one of them.
King Tissa's Policies:
- Tissa was inspired by Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism and his policy of non-violence.
- He embraced Buddhism and made it the state religion of Ceylon.
- He built several Buddhist temples and monasteries, including the famous Mahavihara monastery.
- Tissa also encouraged the spread of Buddhism to other countries, including Burma and Thailand.
- He fostered religious tolerance and allowed other religions to coexist with Buddhism.
Comparison with Ashoka:
- Tissa's policies were similar to Ashoka's policies of non-violence, religious tolerance, and support for Buddhism.
- Both kings were contemporaries and communicated with each other through emissaries.
- However, Tissa's influence was limited to Ceylon, while Ashoka's influence extended to most of the Indian subcontinent.
Conclusion:
- King Tissa of Ceylon modelled himself on Ashoka and his policies of non-violence, religious tolerance, and support for Buddhism.
- Tissa's reign was a period of peace and prosperity in Ceylon, and his policies had a lasting impact on the country's culture and religion.
Which one of the following items of revenue was paid in cash during Mauryan period?- a)Bhaga (Land tax)
- b)Bali (Extra impost on special tracts)
- c)Kara (A special harsh tax)
- d)Hiranya (Tax on special classes crops)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following items of revenue was paid in cash during Mauryan period?
a)
Bhaga (Land tax)
b)
Bali (Extra impost on special tracts)
c)
Kara (A special harsh tax)
d)
Hiranya (Tax on special classes crops)
|
Maya Joshi answered |
Revenue System of the Mauryan Period
During the Mauryan period, the revenue system played a crucial role in the economic administration of the empire. The Mauryan rulers implemented various forms of revenue collection to meet the financial requirements of the state. Among these revenue items, the tax on special classes of crops, known as "Hiranya," was paid in cash.
Explanation:
The Mauryan Empire, under the reign of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, had a well-organized revenue system. The revenue was collected through various sources, including land taxes, extra imposts, and special taxes. Let's take a closer look at each of these revenue items:
1. Bhaga (Land Tax):
- Bhaga was a form of land tax levied on agricultural produce.
- It was collected from the cultivators in the form of a share of the total produce.
- The share collected varied from one-fourth to one-sixth of the total produce.
2. Bali (Extra Impost on Special Tracts):
- Bali was an additional tax imposed on specific tracts of land.
- These tracts were considered more fertile or productive than others.
- The extra impost was levied to exploit the potential of these tracts and generate additional revenue for the state.
3. Kara (Special Harsh Tax):
- Kara was a special tax imposed on goods and commodities.
- It was collected from traders and merchants who engaged in commercial activities.
- The tax rate was usually high, and it was considered a harsh form of revenue collection.
4. Hiranya (Tax on Special Classes of Crops):
- Hiranya was a tax levied on specific classes of crops.
- Unlike the other revenue items mentioned above, Hiranya was paid in cash.
- The tax was collected directly from the cultivators, who had to pay a fixed amount of money as per the prescribed rates.
Conclusion:
Among the various revenue items of the Mauryan period, the tax on special classes of crops, known as "Hiranya," was paid in cash. This form of revenue collection helped the Mauryan Empire meet its financial requirements and maintain a stable economy.
During the Mauryan period, the revenue system played a crucial role in the economic administration of the empire. The Mauryan rulers implemented various forms of revenue collection to meet the financial requirements of the state. Among these revenue items, the tax on special classes of crops, known as "Hiranya," was paid in cash.
Explanation:
The Mauryan Empire, under the reign of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, had a well-organized revenue system. The revenue was collected through various sources, including land taxes, extra imposts, and special taxes. Let's take a closer look at each of these revenue items:
1. Bhaga (Land Tax):
- Bhaga was a form of land tax levied on agricultural produce.
- It was collected from the cultivators in the form of a share of the total produce.
- The share collected varied from one-fourth to one-sixth of the total produce.
2. Bali (Extra Impost on Special Tracts):
- Bali was an additional tax imposed on specific tracts of land.
- These tracts were considered more fertile or productive than others.
- The extra impost was levied to exploit the potential of these tracts and generate additional revenue for the state.
3. Kara (Special Harsh Tax):
- Kara was a special tax imposed on goods and commodities.
- It was collected from traders and merchants who engaged in commercial activities.
- The tax rate was usually high, and it was considered a harsh form of revenue collection.
4. Hiranya (Tax on Special Classes of Crops):
- Hiranya was a tax levied on specific classes of crops.
- Unlike the other revenue items mentioned above, Hiranya was paid in cash.
- The tax was collected directly from the cultivators, who had to pay a fixed amount of money as per the prescribed rates.
Conclusion:
Among the various revenue items of the Mauryan period, the tax on special classes of crops, known as "Hiranya," was paid in cash. This form of revenue collection helped the Mauryan Empire meet its financial requirements and maintain a stable economy.
The lowest order in the social scale of Mauryan society was not a slave but the outcaste. Which one of the following statements about the outcastes is not correct?- a)Their caste names referred directly to their profession or work.
- b)They lived together with their families outside the towns.
- c)They accepted the position of social ostracism.
- d)They were banded into guilds.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The lowest order in the social scale of Mauryan society was not a slave but the outcaste. Which one of the following statements about the outcastes is not correct?
a)
Their caste names referred directly to their profession or work.
b)
They lived together with their families outside the towns.
c)
They accepted the position of social ostracism.
d)
They were banded into guilds.
|
Vikas Choudhury answered |
The statement that is not correct is option D, which states that outcastes were banded into guilds.
Guilds were organizations of skilled artisans or merchants who worked together to protect their economic interests, set standards for their trade, and provide mutual support. Outcastes, on the other hand, were considered outside the traditional caste system and were often engaged in menial or degrading occupations. They did not have access to guilds or other similar organizations, and their social status was often lower than that of slaves.
Outcastes were often referred to by names that reflected their lowly status, such as Chandalas or Panchamas. They were generally excluded from mainstream society and forced to live in segregated areas outside towns and villages. They were also subject to a range of social and legal disabilities, including restrictions on their movements and occupation, and were often treated as untouchables by higher castes.
Overall, while outcastes may have been organized in some informal ways, they did not have access to the kinds of formal organizations that characterized other social groups in ancient India, such as guilds or caste associations.
Which of the following is incorrect?- a)One of the six boards of Pataliputra looked after the entertainment of foreigners.
- b)One of the six boards of Pataliputra supervised trade and commerce.
- c)One of the six boards of Pataliputra collected the tenths of the prices of the articles sold.
- d)One of the six boards of Pataliputra was incharge of the defence of the town.
Correct answer is option `C`. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is incorrect?
a)
One of the six boards of Pataliputra looked after the entertainment of foreigners.
b)
One of the six boards of Pataliputra supervised trade and commerce.
c)
One of the six boards of Pataliputra collected the tenths of the prices of the articles sold.
d)
One of the six boards of Pataliputra was incharge of the defence of the town.
|
|
Varun Kapoor answered |
The incorrect statement is:
c) One of the six boards of Pataliputra collected the tenths of the prices of the articles sold.
There were six boards or committees in Pataliputra, the capital city of the Mauryan Empire, which were responsible for different administrative functions. These boards were known as the Adhyakshas or Superintendents, and they were appointed by the king.
The six boards of Pataliputra were:
a) The Board of Revenue: It was responsible for the collection of taxes and revenue from the empire.
b) The Board of Accounts: It maintained accounts and records of revenue and expenditure of the empire.
c) The Board of Weights and Measures: It standardized weights and measures and ensured that they were used accurately in trade and commerce.
d) The Board of Royal Household: It looked after the affairs of the royal household, such as the maintenance of the king's palaces and gardens.
e) The Board of General Welfare: It was responsible for the welfare of the people, such as the construction of roads, bridges, and public buildings.
f) The Board of War: It was responsible for the defence of the empire and the maintenance of the army.
Therefore, option c) is incorrect as there was no such board that collected the tenths of the prices of the articles sold.
Which one of the following would be the most accurate description of the Maurya monarchy under Ashoka?- a)Enlightened despotism
- b)Paternal despotism
- c)Guided democracy
- d)Centralized autocracy
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following would be the most accurate description of the Maurya monarchy under Ashoka?
a)
Enlightened despotism
b)
Paternal despotism
c)
Guided democracy
d)
Centralized autocracy
|
|
Kaavya Gupta answered |
The Maurya monarchy under Ashoka can be described as paternal despotism. This form of government is characterized by a ruler who exercises absolute power and authority over his subjects, but does so in a benevolent and paternalistic manner.
Paternal Despotism:
- Paternal despotism is a type of authoritarian government where the ruler has complete control over the lives of his subjects.
- However, the ruler is also seen as a father figure who takes care of his people and provides for their needs.
- This form of government is often associated with traditional societies where the ruler is seen as the ultimate authority and provider for his people.
Ashoka's Rule:
- Ashoka was a Mauryan emperor who ruled from 268 to 232 BCE. He was known for his conquest of Kalinga and his subsequent conversion to Buddhism.
- Under his rule, the Maurya monarchy became more centralized and bureaucratic.
- Ashoka implemented a number of policies that were designed to improve the lives of his subjects, such as building hospitals and irrigation systems, and promoting religious tolerance.
- He also instituted a system of moral and ethical principles that were based on Buddhist teachings.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Maurya monarchy under Ashoka was characterized by paternal despotism. While he exercised absolute power over his subjects, he also saw himself as a father figure who was responsible for their welfare. Ashoka's policies were aimed at improving the lives of his people and promoting moral and ethical values.
Paternal Despotism:
- Paternal despotism is a type of authoritarian government where the ruler has complete control over the lives of his subjects.
- However, the ruler is also seen as a father figure who takes care of his people and provides for their needs.
- This form of government is often associated with traditional societies where the ruler is seen as the ultimate authority and provider for his people.
Ashoka's Rule:
- Ashoka was a Mauryan emperor who ruled from 268 to 232 BCE. He was known for his conquest of Kalinga and his subsequent conversion to Buddhism.
- Under his rule, the Maurya monarchy became more centralized and bureaucratic.
- Ashoka implemented a number of policies that were designed to improve the lives of his subjects, such as building hospitals and irrigation systems, and promoting religious tolerance.
- He also instituted a system of moral and ethical principles that were based on Buddhist teachings.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Maurya monarchy under Ashoka was characterized by paternal despotism. While he exercised absolute power over his subjects, he also saw himself as a father figure who was responsible for their welfare. Ashoka's policies were aimed at improving the lives of his people and promoting moral and ethical values.
Consider the following statements:
1. The Maurya period saw the employment of slaves primarily for domestic purposes, which had been a practice since Vedic times.
2. The Maurya rulers managed a large population and had an army size exceeding 650,000 men.
3. The Maurya period marked significant advancements in art and architecture, including the construction of stone pillars and cave architecture.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. The Maurya period saw the employment of slaves primarily for domestic purposes, which had been a practice since Vedic times.
2. The Maurya rulers managed a large population and had an army size exceeding 650,000 men.
3. The Maurya period marked significant advancements in art and architecture, including the construction of stone pillars and cave architecture.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
Lakshya Ias answered |
- Statement 1: This statement is incorrect. While domestic slavery was present since Vedic times, the Maurya period marked the employment of slaves in large-scale agricultural operations, which was a significant departure from earlier practices.
- Statement 2: This statement is incorrect. The Maurya rulers did not have to manage a large population, and the size of the army did not exceed 650,000 men, indicating a relatively small population.
- Statement 3: This statement is correct. The Maurya period indeed saw remarkable contributions to art and architecture, including the initiation of stone masonry, the construction of impressive structures, and the development of cave architecture.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: 1 and 3 Only.
Which statement of Megasthenes is non-controversial?- a)There were seven castes in India.
- b)There were no slaves in India.
- c)Indians were monogamous.
- d)There were no famines in India.
- e)Indians neither lent out money at interest nor knew how to borrow it.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which statement of Megasthenes is non-controversial?
a)
There were seven castes in India.
b)
There were no slaves in India.
c)
Indians were monogamous.
d)
There were no famines in India.
e)
Indians neither lent out money at interest nor knew how to borrow it.
|
|
Megha Kumar answered |
The correct option is C.
Humans are a diverse lot, but before Western imperialism, 83 percent of indigenous societies were polygynous, 16 percent monogamous, and 1 percent polyandrous (where women have multiple husbands).
Humans are a diverse lot, but before Western imperialism, 83 percent of indigenous societies were polygynous, 16 percent monogamous, and 1 percent polyandrous (where women have multiple husbands).
Consider the following statements regarding Asoka's achievements and policies:1. Asoka promoted a policy of peace and non-aggression, which was an unprecedented stance for his time.2. Asoka's peaceful approach endured long after his reign, influencing neighboring states and preventing incursions.3. Asoka's reign was marked by the promotion of a single dharma, language (Sanskrit), and script (Brahmi) through inscriptions.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)1 and 3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements regarding Asoka's achievements and policies:
1. Asoka promoted a policy of peace and non-aggression, which was an unprecedented stance for his time.
2. Asoka's peaceful approach endured long after his reign, influencing neighboring states and preventing incursions.
3. Asoka's reign was marked by the promotion of a single dharma, language (Sanskrit), and script (Brahmi) through inscriptions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
1 and 3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
Srestha Kulkarni answered |
Asoka's Achievements and Policies
Asoka, the third Mauryan emperor, is renowned for his transformative contributions to ancient India. Let's evaluate the statements regarding his achievements and policies.
1. Promotion of Peace and Non-Aggression
- Asoka adopted a policy of Dhamma, emphasizing non-violence and moral governance.
- Following the Kalinga War, he renounced military conquest, a remarkable decision for his time.
- This commitment to peace set a precedent for future leaders.
2. Enduring Influence of Asoka's Peaceful Approach
- Asoka's principles influenced not only the Indian subcontinent but also neighboring regions.
- His edicts and policies fostered an environment conducive to trade and cultural exchanges.
- However, while his influence was significant, it did not entirely prevent incursions in subsequent centuries, making this statement partially true.
3. Promotion of a Single Dharma, Language, and Script
- Asoka did promote a unifying ethical framework (Dhamma) but did not enforce a single dharma.
- He used multiple languages, including Prakrit and Greek, in his inscriptions, not just Sanskrit.
- The script Brahmi was indeed used for many of his inscriptions, but asserting he promoted only one language oversimplifies his linguistic diversity.
Conclusion
- The correct analysis indicates that statements 1 and 3 are accurate regarding Asoka’s policies.
- Thus, the correct answer is option C (1 and 3 only).
Asoka, the third Mauryan emperor, is renowned for his transformative contributions to ancient India. Let's evaluate the statements regarding his achievements and policies.
1. Promotion of Peace and Non-Aggression
- Asoka adopted a policy of Dhamma, emphasizing non-violence and moral governance.
- Following the Kalinga War, he renounced military conquest, a remarkable decision for his time.
- This commitment to peace set a precedent for future leaders.
2. Enduring Influence of Asoka's Peaceful Approach
- Asoka's principles influenced not only the Indian subcontinent but also neighboring regions.
- His edicts and policies fostered an environment conducive to trade and cultural exchanges.
- However, while his influence was significant, it did not entirely prevent incursions in subsequent centuries, making this statement partially true.
3. Promotion of a Single Dharma, Language, and Script
- Asoka did promote a unifying ethical framework (Dhamma) but did not enforce a single dharma.
- He used multiple languages, including Prakrit and Greek, in his inscriptions, not just Sanskrit.
- The script Brahmi was indeed used for many of his inscriptions, but asserting he promoted only one language oversimplifies his linguistic diversity.
Conclusion
- The correct analysis indicates that statements 1 and 3 are accurate regarding Asoka’s policies.
- Thus, the correct answer is option C (1 and 3 only).
According to which tradition Ashoka is said to have visited Khotan in central Asia in 236 B.C.?
- a)Tibetan Tradition
- b)Jaina Tradition
- c)Chinese Tradition
- d)Buddhist Tradition
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
According to which tradition Ashoka is said to have visited Khotan in central Asia in 236 B.C.?
a)
Tibetan Tradition
b)
Jaina Tradition
c)
Chinese Tradition
d)
Buddhist Tradition
|
Akanksha Mukherjee answered |
According to the Buddhist tradition, Ashoka is said to have visited Khotan in central Asia in 236 B.C. This tradition is based on the historical accounts found in Buddhist texts and inscriptions.
Explanation:
1. Historical Background:
- Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty who ruled from 268 to 232 B.C.
- After the bloody Kalinga War, Ashoka embraced Buddhism and became a patron of the religion.
- He actively promoted Buddhism and sent missionaries to spread the teachings of the Buddha.
2. Ashoka's Pilgrimage:
- According to Buddhist texts, Ashoka embarked on a pilgrimage to various Buddhist sites after his conversion to Buddhism.
- The purpose of this pilgrimage was to pay homage to important Buddhist locations and spread the teachings of Buddhism.
- It is believed that Ashoka visited several places associated with the life of the Buddha, including Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, and Kushinagar.
3. Ashoka's Visit to Khotan:
- The Buddhist tradition states that Ashoka also visited Khotan, a region in central Asia, during his pilgrimage.
- Khotan was an important center of Buddhism in the region, and Ashoka is said to have visited the area to propagate the faith.
- The Buddhist texts mention that Ashoka erected numerous stupas and monasteries during his visit to Khotan.
4. Corroborating Evidence:
- The Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian, who traveled extensively in India and central Asia during the 4th century, mentioned Ashoka's visit to Khotan in his travel accounts.
- Faxian's records lend support to the claim that Ashoka indeed visited Khotan.
- Furthermore, archaeological evidence, such as the discovery of Buddhist artifacts and inscriptions, has also been found in the Khotan region, further strengthening the belief in Ashoka's visit.
In conclusion, according to the Buddhist tradition, Ashoka is said to have visited Khotan in central Asia during his pilgrimage. This tradition is supported by historical accounts found in Buddhist texts, the records of Chinese monk Faxian, and archaeological evidence.
Explanation:
1. Historical Background:
- Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty who ruled from 268 to 232 B.C.
- After the bloody Kalinga War, Ashoka embraced Buddhism and became a patron of the religion.
- He actively promoted Buddhism and sent missionaries to spread the teachings of the Buddha.
2. Ashoka's Pilgrimage:
- According to Buddhist texts, Ashoka embarked on a pilgrimage to various Buddhist sites after his conversion to Buddhism.
- The purpose of this pilgrimage was to pay homage to important Buddhist locations and spread the teachings of Buddhism.
- It is believed that Ashoka visited several places associated with the life of the Buddha, including Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, and Kushinagar.
3. Ashoka's Visit to Khotan:
- The Buddhist tradition states that Ashoka also visited Khotan, a region in central Asia, during his pilgrimage.
- Khotan was an important center of Buddhism in the region, and Ashoka is said to have visited the area to propagate the faith.
- The Buddhist texts mention that Ashoka erected numerous stupas and monasteries during his visit to Khotan.
4. Corroborating Evidence:
- The Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian, who traveled extensively in India and central Asia during the 4th century, mentioned Ashoka's visit to Khotan in his travel accounts.
- Faxian's records lend support to the claim that Ashoka indeed visited Khotan.
- Furthermore, archaeological evidence, such as the discovery of Buddhist artifacts and inscriptions, has also been found in the Khotan region, further strengthening the belief in Ashoka's visit.
In conclusion, according to the Buddhist tradition, Ashoka is said to have visited Khotan in central Asia during his pilgrimage. This tradition is supported by historical accounts found in Buddhist texts, the records of Chinese monk Faxian, and archaeological evidence.
From which of the following quarries stone was taken for the Ashokan pillars?- a)Chunar
- b)Kausambi
- c)Allahabad
- d)Rajgriha
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
From which of the following quarries stone was taken for the Ashokan pillars?
a)
Chunar
b)
Kausambi
c)
Allahabad
d)
Rajgriha
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
One of Ashoka’s first artistic programs was to erect the pillars that are now scattered throughout what was the Mauryan empire. The pillars vary from 40 to 50 feet in height. They are cut from two different types of stone—one for the shaft and another for the capital. The shaft was almost always cut from a single piece of stone. Laborers cut and dragged the stone from quarries in Mathura and Chunar, located in the northern part of India within Ashoka’s empire. The pillars weigh about 50 tons each. Only 19 of the original pillars survive and many are in fragments. The first pillar was discovered in the 16th century.
Which one of the following Maurya Kings is believed to have conquered Deccan?- a)Ashoka
- b)Bindusara
- c)Chandragupta Maurya
- d)Kunala
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following Maurya Kings is believed to have conquered Deccan?
a)
Ashoka
b)
Bindusara
c)
Chandragupta Maurya
d)
Kunala
|
Deepa Iyer answered |
Chandragupta ruled for around 25 years and after that he left his throne for his son Bindusara. Bindusara was called by the Greeks as “Amitraghata” meaning Slayer of enemies. According to some scholars Bindusara have conquered the Deccan upto Mysore. Bindusara conquered 16 states comprising ‘the land between the two seas’ as confirmed by Taranatha, the Tibetan monk. According to Sangam Literature Maurya invaded up to far south. Therefore it can be said that during the rule of Bindusara, the Mauryan dynasty extended as far as Mysore and therefore included almost the whole India but excluded a small portion of unexplored trial and forested regions near Kalinga (Odisha) and the kingdoms of extreme south were not the part of empire.
“We neither oppose the prince, nor the king, but the wicked ministers who oppress us”. Who was welcomed by these words?- a)Kunala
- b)Dasaratha
- c)Bindusara
- d)Jaluka
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
“We neither oppose the prince, nor the king, but the wicked ministers who oppress us”. Who was welcomed by these words?
a)
Kunala
b)
Dasaratha
c)
Bindusara
d)
Jaluka
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
These words were stated by the people of taxila to welcome Kunala
Which of the following gives the names of the officers at the district level in the correct decending order?- a)Pradeshika, Rajuka, Yukta
- b)Rajuka, Yukta, Pradeshika
- c)Pradeshika, Yukta, Rajuka
- d)Yukta, Pradeshika, Rajuka
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following gives the names of the officers at the district level in the correct decending order?
a)
Pradeshika, Rajuka, Yukta
b)
Rajuka, Yukta, Pradeshika
c)
Pradeshika, Yukta, Rajuka
d)
Yukta, Pradeshika, Rajuka
|
|
Shivani Pillai answered |
District Level Officers in descending order
The correct order of district level officers in descending order is as follows:
Pradeshika - The highest-ranking officer at the district level is the Pradeshika. They are responsible for the overall administration of the district and serve as the head of the district administration.
Rajuka - The next in rank is Rajuka or the District Collector. They are responsible for the collection of revenue and taxes, maintenance of law and order, and implementation of government policies in the district.
Yukta - The Yukta or the Additional Collector is the next in rank. They assist the District Collector in their duties and also supervise the revenue and administrative functions of the district.
Explanation
The district administration is an important part of the government machinery. It is responsible for the implementation of government policies and programmes at the grassroots level. The officers at the district level play a crucial role in ensuring that the government's welfare schemes and development programmes reach the people.
The Pradeshika is the highest-ranking officer at the district level. They are responsible for the overall administration of the district and serve as the head of the district administration. The Rajuka or the District Collector is the next in rank. They are responsible for the collection of revenue and taxes, maintenance of law and order, and implementation of government policies in the district. The Yukta or the Additional Collector is the next in rank. They assist the District Collector in their duties and also supervise the revenue and administrative functions of the district.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct order of district level officers in descending order is Pradeshika, Rajuka, and Yukta. These officers play a critical role in the governance of the district and are responsible for ensuring that the government's policies and programmes are implemented effectively.
The correct order of district level officers in descending order is as follows:
Pradeshika - The highest-ranking officer at the district level is the Pradeshika. They are responsible for the overall administration of the district and serve as the head of the district administration.
Rajuka - The next in rank is Rajuka or the District Collector. They are responsible for the collection of revenue and taxes, maintenance of law and order, and implementation of government policies in the district.
Yukta - The Yukta or the Additional Collector is the next in rank. They assist the District Collector in their duties and also supervise the revenue and administrative functions of the district.
Explanation
The district administration is an important part of the government machinery. It is responsible for the implementation of government policies and programmes at the grassroots level. The officers at the district level play a crucial role in ensuring that the government's welfare schemes and development programmes reach the people.
The Pradeshika is the highest-ranking officer at the district level. They are responsible for the overall administration of the district and serve as the head of the district administration. The Rajuka or the District Collector is the next in rank. They are responsible for the collection of revenue and taxes, maintenance of law and order, and implementation of government policies in the district. The Yukta or the Additional Collector is the next in rank. They assist the District Collector in their duties and also supervise the revenue and administrative functions of the district.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct order of district level officers in descending order is Pradeshika, Rajuka, and Yukta. These officers play a critical role in the governance of the district and are responsible for ensuring that the government's policies and programmes are implemented effectively.
Consider the following pairs:1. Asoka's Inscriptions - Written only in Brahmi script2. Kalinga War - Led to Asoka becoming an extreme pacifist3. Asoka's Buddhism - Influenced his domestic policies significantly4. Dhamma Yatras - Pilgrimages undertaken by Asoka to Buddhist shrinesHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. Asoka's Inscriptions - Written only in Brahmi script
2. Kalinga War - Led to Asoka becoming an extreme pacifist
3. Asoka's Buddhism - Influenced his domestic policies significantly
4. Dhamma Yatras - Pilgrimages undertaken by Asoka to Buddhist shrines
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
Sagarika Menon answered |
Explanation of the Correct Answer
The question presents four pairs related to Emperor Asoka and his reign, and your task is to assess their accuracy. Let’s analyze each pair:
1. Asoka's Inscriptions - Written only in Brahmi script
- Analysis: This statement is incorrect. While many of Asoka's inscriptions were indeed written in Brahmi script, some were also inscribed in Kharosthi and other local scripts. Therefore, this pair does not match correctly.
2. Kalinga War - Led to Asoka becoming an extreme pacifist
- Analysis: This statement is correct. The Kalinga War, which resulted in significant loss of life and suffering, deeply impacted Asoka, leading him to adopt Buddhism and embrace a philosophy of non-violence and peace. This pair is matched correctly.
3. Asoka's Buddhism - Influenced his domestic policies significantly
- Analysis: This statement is also correct. Asoka’s embrace of Buddhism greatly influenced his policies, promoting non-violence, welfare, and moral governance, reflecting his commitment to Dhamma. This pair is matched correctly.
4. Dhamma Yatras - Pilgrimages undertaken by Asoka to Buddhist shrines
- Analysis: This statement is incorrect. While Asoka promoted the spread of Buddhism, the term "Dhamma Yatras" is more commonly associated with the journeys of his emissaries rather than him personally undertaking pilgrimages. Hence, this pair does not match correctly.
Conclusion
- Based on the analysis, only two pairs (Kalinga War and Asoka's Buddhism) are correctly matched. Therefore, the answer is option 'B': Only two pairs are correct.
The question presents four pairs related to Emperor Asoka and his reign, and your task is to assess their accuracy. Let’s analyze each pair:
1. Asoka's Inscriptions - Written only in Brahmi script
- Analysis: This statement is incorrect. While many of Asoka's inscriptions were indeed written in Brahmi script, some were also inscribed in Kharosthi and other local scripts. Therefore, this pair does not match correctly.
2. Kalinga War - Led to Asoka becoming an extreme pacifist
- Analysis: This statement is correct. The Kalinga War, which resulted in significant loss of life and suffering, deeply impacted Asoka, leading him to adopt Buddhism and embrace a philosophy of non-violence and peace. This pair is matched correctly.
3. Asoka's Buddhism - Influenced his domestic policies significantly
- Analysis: This statement is also correct. Asoka’s embrace of Buddhism greatly influenced his policies, promoting non-violence, welfare, and moral governance, reflecting his commitment to Dhamma. This pair is matched correctly.
4. Dhamma Yatras - Pilgrimages undertaken by Asoka to Buddhist shrines
- Analysis: This statement is incorrect. While Asoka promoted the spread of Buddhism, the term "Dhamma Yatras" is more commonly associated with the journeys of his emissaries rather than him personally undertaking pilgrimages. Hence, this pair does not match correctly.
Conclusion
- Based on the analysis, only two pairs (Kalinga War and Asoka's Buddhism) are correctly matched. Therefore, the answer is option 'B': Only two pairs are correct.
Which one of the following officers were special reporters and had direct access to the king?- a)Pativedakas
- b)Pulisani
- c)Lipikasa
- d)Tirthas
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following officers were special reporters and had direct access to the king?
a)
Pativedakas
b)
Pulisani
c)
Lipikasa
d)
Tirthas
|
|
Gitanjali Roy answered |
The correct answer is option 'A', Pativedakas.
Explanation:
During the ancient and medieval period, the king was the center of power and his court was the center of administration. The king was surrounded by a group of officials, who assisted him in the governance of the kingdom. Among these officials, the Pativedakas were special reporters who had direct access to the king.
Who were Pativedakas?
Pativedakas were special reporters who had the following roles and responsibilities:
- They were the eyes and ears of the king and reported to him directly.
- They were assigned to various parts of the kingdom and reported on the activities of the officials, the revenue collected, and the conditions of the people.
- They had the authority to inspect the accounts of the officials and report any irregularities to the king.
- They also had the power to punish the officials who were found guilty of corruption or maladministration.
Other Officials:
Apart from Pativedakas, there were other officials who were part of the king's court. They are:
- Pulisani: They were the messenger or the courier who carried messages from the king to his officials and vice versa.
- Lipikas: They were the scribes or the clerks who maintained the records of the court.
- Tirthas: They were the royal priests who performed religious ceremonies and rituals.
Conclusion:
Thus, Pativedakas were the special reporters who had direct access to the king and played an important role in the governance of the kingdom.
Explanation:
During the ancient and medieval period, the king was the center of power and his court was the center of administration. The king was surrounded by a group of officials, who assisted him in the governance of the kingdom. Among these officials, the Pativedakas were special reporters who had direct access to the king.
Who were Pativedakas?
Pativedakas were special reporters who had the following roles and responsibilities:
- They were the eyes and ears of the king and reported to him directly.
- They were assigned to various parts of the kingdom and reported on the activities of the officials, the revenue collected, and the conditions of the people.
- They had the authority to inspect the accounts of the officials and report any irregularities to the king.
- They also had the power to punish the officials who were found guilty of corruption or maladministration.
Other Officials:
Apart from Pativedakas, there were other officials who were part of the king's court. They are:
- Pulisani: They were the messenger or the courier who carried messages from the king to his officials and vice versa.
- Lipikas: They were the scribes or the clerks who maintained the records of the court.
- Tirthas: They were the royal priests who performed religious ceremonies and rituals.
Conclusion:
Thus, Pativedakas were the special reporters who had direct access to the king and played an important role in the governance of the kingdom.
Who replaced Magasthenes as the ambassador of Antiochos I in the court of Bindusara?- a)Ptolemy
- b)Diodorus
- c)Dionysins
- d)Deimachos
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Who replaced Magasthenes as the ambassador of Antiochos I in the court of Bindusara?
a)
Ptolemy
b)
Diodorus
c)
Dionysins
d)
Deimachos
|
UPSC Achievers answered |
Deimachos succeeded Megasthenes as ambassador to the court of Bindusara sent by the Syrian king Antiochus I.
Which one of the following officers were charged with superintendence of women?
- a) Ithijhakha-mahamattas
- b)Anta-mahamattas
- c)Nagalaviyohalaka Mahamattas
- d)Dhamma-mahamattas
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following officers were charged with superintendence of women?
a)
Ithijhakha-mahamattas
b)
Anta-mahamattas
c)
Nagalaviyohalaka Mahamattas
d)
Dhamma-mahamattas
|
Raghavendra Kulkarni answered |
Officers charged with superintendence of women:
- Ithijhakha-mahamattas:
Which statement on Mauryan provincial administration is not correct?- a)Important provinces had princes of the royal blood as their viceroy.
- b)The Ashokan inscriptions refer to three viceroys stationed at Taxila, Tosali and Brahmagiri.
- c)Buddhist tradition refers to a fourth viceroy at Ujjaini and a later Saka inscription incidentally refers to a fifth viceroy at Girnar.
- d)The viceroy at Girnar under Chandragupta was a Vaisya named Pushyagupta and the one under Ashoka was a Yavana named Tushashpa.
- e)The viceroys had autonomous powers to administer the provinces.
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
Which statement on Mauryan provincial administration is not correct?
a)
Important provinces had princes of the royal blood as their viceroy.
b)
The Ashokan inscriptions refer to three viceroys stationed at Taxila, Tosali and Brahmagiri.
c)
Buddhist tradition refers to a fourth viceroy at Ujjaini and a later Saka inscription incidentally refers to a fifth viceroy at Girnar.
d)
The viceroy at Girnar under Chandragupta was a Vaisya named Pushyagupta and the one under Ashoka was a Yavana named Tushashpa.
e)
The viceroys had autonomous powers to administer the provinces.
|
|
Kunal Mukherjee answered |
-The Mauryan Empire was divided into four provinces with the imperial capital at Pataliputra. From Ashokan edicts, the name of the four provincial capitals were Tosali (in the east), Ujjain in the west, Suvarnagiri (in the south), and Taxila (in the north).
-The viceroys did not had autonomous powers to administer the provinces.
What was the function of officer known as Gopa during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya?- a)He was incharge of a village.
- b)He was incharge of ajanapada.
- c)He was incharge of a group of villages.
- d)He was the president of municipal board.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What was the function of officer known as Gopa during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya?
a)
He was incharge of a village.
b)
He was incharge of ajanapada.
c)
He was incharge of a group of villages.
d)
He was the president of municipal board.
|
|
Asha Chopra answered |
The function of the officer known as Gopa during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya was to be in charge of a group of villages. This position held significant administrative responsibilities and played a crucial role in the governance and management of the Mauryan Empire. Let's delve into the details to understand the role and function of the Gopa officer during that time.
1. Overview of the Mauryan Empire:
The Mauryan Empire, under the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, was one of the largest and most powerful empires in ancient India. It had a well-organized administrative system that focused on effective governance and territorial control.
2. Administrative Structure:
The Mauryan Empire was divided into various administrative units known as janapadas, which were further divided into smaller units called villages. To efficiently manage and govern these villages, officers were appointed, and one such officer was the Gopa.
3. Responsibilities of a Gopa:
The Gopa was responsible for overseeing a group of villages and ensuring their efficient administration. Some of the key responsibilities of a Gopa included:
- Tax Collection: The Gopa collected taxes from the villages under their jurisdiction. This included land revenue, custom duties, and other levies imposed by the Mauryan administration.
- Law and Order: The Gopa maintained law and order in the villages and resolved disputes among the villagers. They acted as a local judicial authority and ensured that peace prevailed within their jurisdiction.
- Agricultural Management: As agriculture was the primary occupation of the people, the Gopa played a crucial role in managing and promoting agricultural activities. They supervised irrigation systems, introduced new agricultural techniques, and ensured proper utilization of land resources.
- Infrastructure Development: The Gopa oversaw the development and maintenance of basic infrastructure in the villages. This included the construction and repair of roads, bridges, and other public amenities.
4. Reporting to Higher Authorities:
The Gopa officer reported to higher authorities, such as the provincial governor or the central administration, providing them with updates on the status of villages, tax collection, and any issues that required their attention.
Overall, the Gopa officer held significant power and responsibility in the Mauryan Empire. They played a crucial role in maintaining law and order, collecting taxes, promoting agricultural activities, and managing the overall administration of a group of villages. Their efficient functioning contributed to the smooth governance and stability of the empire.
1. Overview of the Mauryan Empire:
The Mauryan Empire, under the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, was one of the largest and most powerful empires in ancient India. It had a well-organized administrative system that focused on effective governance and territorial control.
2. Administrative Structure:
The Mauryan Empire was divided into various administrative units known as janapadas, which were further divided into smaller units called villages. To efficiently manage and govern these villages, officers were appointed, and one such officer was the Gopa.
3. Responsibilities of a Gopa:
The Gopa was responsible for overseeing a group of villages and ensuring their efficient administration. Some of the key responsibilities of a Gopa included:
- Tax Collection: The Gopa collected taxes from the villages under their jurisdiction. This included land revenue, custom duties, and other levies imposed by the Mauryan administration.
- Law and Order: The Gopa maintained law and order in the villages and resolved disputes among the villagers. They acted as a local judicial authority and ensured that peace prevailed within their jurisdiction.
- Agricultural Management: As agriculture was the primary occupation of the people, the Gopa played a crucial role in managing and promoting agricultural activities. They supervised irrigation systems, introduced new agricultural techniques, and ensured proper utilization of land resources.
- Infrastructure Development: The Gopa oversaw the development and maintenance of basic infrastructure in the villages. This included the construction and repair of roads, bridges, and other public amenities.
4. Reporting to Higher Authorities:
The Gopa officer reported to higher authorities, such as the provincial governor or the central administration, providing them with updates on the status of villages, tax collection, and any issues that required their attention.
Overall, the Gopa officer held significant power and responsibility in the Mauryan Empire. They played a crucial role in maintaining law and order, collecting taxes, promoting agricultural activities, and managing the overall administration of a group of villages. Their efficient functioning contributed to the smooth governance and stability of the empire.
‘Mudra-Rakshasa’ by Visakhadatta has bearing on the reign of- a)Ashoka
- b)Chandragupta Maurya
- c)The Nandas
- d)Bindusara
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
‘Mudra-Rakshasa’ by Visakhadatta has bearing on the reign of
a)
Ashoka
b)
Chandragupta Maurya
c)
The Nandas
d)
Bindusara
|
|
Nilesh Mehra answered |
ANSWER
- b)Chandragupta Maurya
The Mudrarakshasa मुद्राराक्षस(
IAST
: Mudrārākṣasa, ) is a Sanskrit
-language play by Vishakhadatta
that narrates the ascent of the king Chandragupta Maurya
(r. c. 324 – c. 297 BCE) to power in India
. The play is an example of creative writing
, but not entirely fictional. It is dated variously from the late 4th century to the 8th century CE.Which one of the following foreign kings was a contemporary of Ashoka?- a)Ptolemy Philadelphos
- b)Antioches
- c)Magas
- d)None of the above
- e)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following foreign kings was a contemporary of Ashoka?
a)
Ptolemy Philadelphos
b)
Antioches
c)
Magas
d)
None of the above
e)
All of the above
|
|
Aniket Nair answered |
Contemporary Foreign Kings of Ashoka
Ashoka was a prominent ruler of the Mauryan dynasty in India, who ruled from 268 BCE to 232 BCE. During his reign, he extended the boundaries of his empire, promoted Buddhism, and implemented policies of social welfare. Ashoka was a contemporary of several foreign kings, and the correct option is 'E', which states that all the given options are correct.
Foreign Kings Contemporary to Ashoka
Ptolemy Philadelphos: Ptolemy II Philadelphos was a ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt, who ruled from 283 BCE to 246 BCE. He was a contemporary of Ashoka and was known for his patronage of arts and science, including the famous Library of Alexandria.
Antiochus: Antiochus II Theos was a ruler of the Seleucid Empire in Syria, who ruled from 261 BCE to 246 BCE. He was a contemporary of Ashoka and engaged in diplomatic relations with the Mauryan empire.
Magas: Magas of Cyrene was a ruler of Cyrene, a Greek colony in North Africa, who ruled from 300 BCE to 258 BCE. He was a contemporary of Ashoka and was known for his military campaigns and cultural achievements.
Conclusion
From the above information, it can be concluded that all the given options are correct, and Ptolemy Philadelphos, Antiochus, and Magas were contemporary foreign kings of Ashoka. This fact is important for understanding the historical context of Ashoka's reign and his interactions with other rulers of his time.
Ashoka was a prominent ruler of the Mauryan dynasty in India, who ruled from 268 BCE to 232 BCE. During his reign, he extended the boundaries of his empire, promoted Buddhism, and implemented policies of social welfare. Ashoka was a contemporary of several foreign kings, and the correct option is 'E', which states that all the given options are correct.
Foreign Kings Contemporary to Ashoka
Ptolemy Philadelphos: Ptolemy II Philadelphos was a ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt, who ruled from 283 BCE to 246 BCE. He was a contemporary of Ashoka and was known for his patronage of arts and science, including the famous Library of Alexandria.
Antiochus: Antiochus II Theos was a ruler of the Seleucid Empire in Syria, who ruled from 261 BCE to 246 BCE. He was a contemporary of Ashoka and engaged in diplomatic relations with the Mauryan empire.
Magas: Magas of Cyrene was a ruler of Cyrene, a Greek colony in North Africa, who ruled from 300 BCE to 258 BCE. He was a contemporary of Ashoka and was known for his military campaigns and cultural achievements.
Conclusion
From the above information, it can be concluded that all the given options are correct, and Ptolemy Philadelphos, Antiochus, and Magas were contemporary foreign kings of Ashoka. This fact is important for understanding the historical context of Ashoka's reign and his interactions with other rulers of his time.
Which Edict refers to Ashoka’s supposed presence in BuddhistSangha?- a)Bhabhru Edict
- b)A Minor Rock Edict
- c)Menshera
- d)Kalinga
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which Edict refers to Ashoka’s supposed presence in BuddhistSangha?
a)
Bhabhru Edict
b)
A Minor Rock Edict
c)
Menshera
d)
Kalinga
|
|
Malavika Mukherjee answered |
The correct option is B.
The Minor Rock Edicts of Ashoka (r.269-233 BCE) are rock inscriptions which form the earliest.In the Gujarra Minor Rock Edict also, the name of Ashoka is used together.
The Minor Rock Edicts of Ashoka (r.269-233 BCE) are rock inscriptions which form the earliest.In the Gujarra Minor Rock Edict also, the name of Ashoka is used together.
Which one of the following sources informed us about the division of Indian society into seven castes?- a)Ashokan Inscriptions
- b)Arthasastra
- c)Divyavadana
- d)Indica
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following sources informed us about the division of Indian society into seven castes?
a)
Ashokan Inscriptions
b)
Arthasastra
c)
Divyavadana
d)
Indica
|
|
Neha Kumari answered |
Indica by Megasthenes holds the prominent source of division of Indian society into seven castes
Identify the places where the Fourteen Major Rock Edict of Ashoka are located.- a)Kalsi, Manshera
- b)Sopara, Yerragudi
- c)Shahbazgarhi, Dhauli
- d)Girnar, Jaugada
- e)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
Identify the places where the Fourteen Major Rock Edict of Ashoka are located.
a)
Kalsi, Manshera
b)
Sopara, Yerragudi
c)
Shahbazgarhi, Dhauli
d)
Girnar, Jaugada
e)
All of the above
|
|
Athul Sen answered |
The Fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka are a series of inscriptions made by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka during his reign in the 3rd century BCE. These inscriptions were written in Prakrit language and Brahmi script on large rocks and pillars situated across the Indian subcontinent. The edicts primarily focus on Ashoka's moral and ethical principles and his efforts to promote Buddhism.
The places where the Fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka are located are:
a) Kalsi, Manshehra: Located in the modern-day state of Uttarakhand, Kalsi and Manshehra are two sites where Ashoka's rock edicts have been found.
b) Sopara, Yerragudi: Sopara is located in the present-day state of Maharashtra, while Yerragudi is situated in Andhra Pradesh. Both these sites have inscriptions that belong to the Fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka.
c) Shahbazgarhi, Dhauli: Shahbazgarhi is a town in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, while Dhauli is located in the Indian state of Odisha. Both these sites have Ashoka's rock edicts that belong to the Fourteen Major Rock Edicts.
d) Girnar, Jaugada: Girnar is a group of hills located in the Junagadh district of Gujarat, while Jaugada is situated in the Ganjam district of Odisha. Both these places have inscriptions that belong to the Fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka.
e) All of the above: The correct answer is option 'E' - all of the above. The Fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka can be found in all the places mentioned above.
The places where the Fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka are located are:
a) Kalsi, Manshehra: Located in the modern-day state of Uttarakhand, Kalsi and Manshehra are two sites where Ashoka's rock edicts have been found.
b) Sopara, Yerragudi: Sopara is located in the present-day state of Maharashtra, while Yerragudi is situated in Andhra Pradesh. Both these sites have inscriptions that belong to the Fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka.
c) Shahbazgarhi, Dhauli: Shahbazgarhi is a town in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, while Dhauli is located in the Indian state of Odisha. Both these sites have Ashoka's rock edicts that belong to the Fourteen Major Rock Edicts.
d) Girnar, Jaugada: Girnar is a group of hills located in the Junagadh district of Gujarat, while Jaugada is situated in the Ganjam district of Odisha. Both these places have inscriptions that belong to the Fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka.
e) All of the above: The correct answer is option 'E' - all of the above. The Fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka can be found in all the places mentioned above.
Consider the following pairs:1. Brahmanical Reaction - Discontent due to Asoka's policies2. Financial Crisis - Excessive military expenditure3. Oppressive Rule - Rebellion in Taxila4. Neglect of the North-West Frontier - Construction of the Great Wall of China by AsokaHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. Brahmanical Reaction - Discontent due to Asoka's policies
2. Financial Crisis - Excessive military expenditure
3. Oppressive Rule - Rebellion in Taxila
4. Neglect of the North-West Frontier - Construction of the Great Wall of China by Asoka
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
|
Sneha Kumar answered |
Understanding the Pairs
To evaluate the correctness of the given pairs, we must analyze each one critically:
1. Brahmanical Reaction - Discontent due to Asoka's policies
- Asoka's policies, particularly his promotion of Buddhism and non-violence, led to discontent among Brahmins who felt sidelined.
- This pair is correctly matched.
2. Financial Crisis - Excessive military expenditure
- Asoka significantly reduced military campaigns after his conversion to Buddhism.
- This pair is incorrectly matched; he actually aimed for peace and stability, reducing military costs.
3. Oppressive Rule - Rebellion in Taxila
- Taxila was a significant center during Asoka’s reign. Reports suggest that there was unrest and rebellion in the region due to oppressive taxes and administration.
- Thus, this pair is correctly matched.
4. Neglect of the North-West Frontier - Construction of the Great Wall of China by Asoka
- The Great Wall of China was constructed during the Qin Dynasty, well before Asoka's time. Asoka did not build the wall, and there is no direct correlation between his neglect of the North-West Frontier and this construction.
- Therefore, this pair is incorrectly matched.
Conclusion
In summary, pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched, while pairs 2 and 4 are not. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C', as only two pairs are correctly matched.
To evaluate the correctness of the given pairs, we must analyze each one critically:
1. Brahmanical Reaction - Discontent due to Asoka's policies
- Asoka's policies, particularly his promotion of Buddhism and non-violence, led to discontent among Brahmins who felt sidelined.
- This pair is correctly matched.
2. Financial Crisis - Excessive military expenditure
- Asoka significantly reduced military campaigns after his conversion to Buddhism.
- This pair is incorrectly matched; he actually aimed for peace and stability, reducing military costs.
3. Oppressive Rule - Rebellion in Taxila
- Taxila was a significant center during Asoka’s reign. Reports suggest that there was unrest and rebellion in the region due to oppressive taxes and administration.
- Thus, this pair is correctly matched.
4. Neglect of the North-West Frontier - Construction of the Great Wall of China by Asoka
- The Great Wall of China was constructed during the Qin Dynasty, well before Asoka's time. Asoka did not build the wall, and there is no direct correlation between his neglect of the North-West Frontier and this construction.
- Therefore, this pair is incorrectly matched.
Conclusion
In summary, pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched, while pairs 2 and 4 are not. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C', as only two pairs are correctly matched.
Which one of the following statements about the new service of the dhamma-mahamattas introduced by Ashoka is not correct?- a)They alone were responsible for the working ofdhamma.
- b)During the reign of Ashoka they were given wide powers and responsibilities.
- c)They looked into the complaints of lawabiding people and ensured fair treatment to them.
- d)They also attended the welfare of prisoners and the inspection of the judiciary.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following statements about the new service of the dhamma-mahamattas introduced by Ashoka is not correct?
a)
They alone were responsible for the working ofdhamma.
b)
During the reign of Ashoka they were given wide powers and responsibilities.
c)
They looked into the complaints of lawabiding people and ensured fair treatment to them.
d)
They also attended the welfare of prisoners and the inspection of the judiciary.
|
|
Sanjana Roy answered |
Introduction:
The dhamma-mahamattas were a new service introduced by Ashoka during his reign. They were responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the dhamma, which was a set of moral and ethical rules that Ashoka wanted his subjects to follow. While most of the statements about the dhamma-mahamattas are correct, one of them is not accurate.
Explanation:
Let's analyze each statement to identify the one that is not correct:
a) They alone were responsible for the working of dhamma:
This statement is incorrect. While the dhamma-mahamattas played a crucial role in the implementation of the dhamma, they were not solely responsible for it. Ashoka encouraged all his subjects to follow the dhamma and promoted its teachings through various means. The dhamma-mahamattas were appointed to assist in this process, but they were not the only ones responsible for the working of dhamma.
b) During the reign of Ashoka, they were given wide powers and responsibilities:
This statement is true. Ashoka bestowed the dhamma-mahamattas with significant powers and responsibilities. They were given authority over various aspects of governance, including the administration of justice, the welfare of prisoners, and the inspection of the judiciary. This was done to ensure the proper enforcement of the dhamma and to promote fairness and justice in society.
c) They looked into the complaints of law-abiding people and ensured fair treatment to them:
This statement is correct. One of the primary roles of the dhamma-mahamattas was to address the grievances and complaints of law-abiding citizens. They acted as intermediaries between the people and the administration, ensuring that their concerns were heard and appropriate actions were taken. This helped in maintaining a sense of justice and fairness in society.
d) They also attended the welfare of prisoners and the inspection of the judiciary:
This statement is true. The dhamma-mahamattas were responsible for the welfare of prisoners, ensuring that they were treated fairly and humanely. They also inspected the functioning of the judiciary to ensure that justice was being served. This was part of Ashoka's efforts to promote compassion and kindness towards all individuals, including those who had committed crimes.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that the correct answer is option 'A' - They alone were responsible for the working of dhamma. This statement is not correct as the implementation of the dhamma was a collective effort involving the dhamma-mahamattas, Ashoka, and his subjects.
The dhamma-mahamattas were a new service introduced by Ashoka during his reign. They were responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the dhamma, which was a set of moral and ethical rules that Ashoka wanted his subjects to follow. While most of the statements about the dhamma-mahamattas are correct, one of them is not accurate.
Explanation:
Let's analyze each statement to identify the one that is not correct:
a) They alone were responsible for the working of dhamma:
This statement is incorrect. While the dhamma-mahamattas played a crucial role in the implementation of the dhamma, they were not solely responsible for it. Ashoka encouraged all his subjects to follow the dhamma and promoted its teachings through various means. The dhamma-mahamattas were appointed to assist in this process, but they were not the only ones responsible for the working of dhamma.
b) During the reign of Ashoka, they were given wide powers and responsibilities:
This statement is true. Ashoka bestowed the dhamma-mahamattas with significant powers and responsibilities. They were given authority over various aspects of governance, including the administration of justice, the welfare of prisoners, and the inspection of the judiciary. This was done to ensure the proper enforcement of the dhamma and to promote fairness and justice in society.
c) They looked into the complaints of law-abiding people and ensured fair treatment to them:
This statement is correct. One of the primary roles of the dhamma-mahamattas was to address the grievances and complaints of law-abiding citizens. They acted as intermediaries between the people and the administration, ensuring that their concerns were heard and appropriate actions were taken. This helped in maintaining a sense of justice and fairness in society.
d) They also attended the welfare of prisoners and the inspection of the judiciary:
This statement is true. The dhamma-mahamattas were responsible for the welfare of prisoners, ensuring that they were treated fairly and humanely. They also inspected the functioning of the judiciary to ensure that justice was being served. This was part of Ashoka's efforts to promote compassion and kindness towards all individuals, including those who had committed crimes.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that the correct answer is option 'A' - They alone were responsible for the working of dhamma. This statement is not correct as the implementation of the dhamma was a collective effort involving the dhamma-mahamattas, Ashoka, and his subjects.
Existence of slaves is mentioned in Indian sources. Which one of the following was the most likely reason for Megasthenes’ statement that there were no slaves?- a)Since they could own property, earn for themselves and even in some cases buy back their freedom, they were very different from their Greek counterparts.
- b)They formed part of the larger group of outcastes.
- c)The human treatment meted out to them made their position unrecognisable.
- d)The position of the slaves was indistinguishable from that of hired labourers.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Existence of slaves is mentioned in Indian sources. Which one of the following was the most likely reason for Megasthenes’ statement that there were no slaves?
a)
Since they could own property, earn for themselves and even in some cases buy back their freedom, they were very different from their Greek counterparts.
b)
They formed part of the larger group of outcastes.
c)
The human treatment meted out to them made their position unrecognisable.
d)
The position of the slaves was indistinguishable from that of hired labourers.
|
Rhea Basu answered |
Reasons for Megasthenes statement that there were no slaves in India:
Different from Greek counterparts:
- In Greek society, slaves were considered property and did not have any rights or freedoms.
- In contrast, in Indian society, slaves could own property, earn for themselves and even in some cases buy back their freedom.
- This made their position very different from their Greek counterparts and could be a reason why Megasthenes stated that there were no slaves in India.
Outcastes:
- While there were outcastes in Indian society who were considered to be of lower status and faced discrimination, they were not necessarily slaves.
- Slaves were a distinct group in Indian society and were treated differently.
Human treatment:
- While it is true that slaves in many societies were treated inhumanely, this was not necessarily the case in India.
- In fact, some sources suggest that slaves in India were treated relatively well and were often given important positions in households or armies.
Indistinguishable from hired laborers:
- While there were certainly hired laborers in India, there were also distinct groups of slaves who were considered to be different from other workers.
- Therefore, the position of slaves was not indistinguishable from that of hired laborers.
Conclusion:
- Based on the above analysis, it seems that the most likely reason for Megasthenes statement that there were no slaves in India is that the position of slaves in Indian society was very different from their Greek counterparts.
Different from Greek counterparts:
- In Greek society, slaves were considered property and did not have any rights or freedoms.
- In contrast, in Indian society, slaves could own property, earn for themselves and even in some cases buy back their freedom.
- This made their position very different from their Greek counterparts and could be a reason why Megasthenes stated that there were no slaves in India.
Outcastes:
- While there were outcastes in Indian society who were considered to be of lower status and faced discrimination, they were not necessarily slaves.
- Slaves were a distinct group in Indian society and were treated differently.
Human treatment:
- While it is true that slaves in many societies were treated inhumanely, this was not necessarily the case in India.
- In fact, some sources suggest that slaves in India were treated relatively well and were often given important positions in households or armies.
Indistinguishable from hired laborers:
- While there were certainly hired laborers in India, there were also distinct groups of slaves who were considered to be different from other workers.
- Therefore, the position of slaves was not indistinguishable from that of hired laborers.
Conclusion:
- Based on the above analysis, it seems that the most likely reason for Megasthenes statement that there were no slaves in India is that the position of slaves in Indian society was very different from their Greek counterparts.
Among the successors of Ashoka who is referred to as a patron of Jains almost in the same light as Buddhist texts treat Ashoka?- a)Jaluka
- b)Brihadratha
- c)Samprati
- d)Salisuka
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Among the successors of Ashoka who is referred to as a patron of Jains almost in the same light as Buddhist texts treat Ashoka?
a)
Jaluka
b)
Brihadratha
c)
Samprati
d)
Salisuka
|
|
Ruchi Sarkar answered |
Patron of Jains - Samprati
Samprati, the successor of Ashoka, is referred to as a patron of Jains almost in the same light as Buddhist texts treat Ashoka. Samprati was a devout Jain and is credited with promoting Jainism during his reign.
Contributions to Jainism
Samprati is known for his contributions to Jainism, which include:
1. Building Jain temples: Samprati is said to have built thousands of Jain temples across India, including the famous Palitana temples in Gujarat.
2. Encouraging Jainism: Samprati is said to have encouraged people to follow Jainism and even converted many non-Jains to the religion.
3. Supporting Jain scholars: Samprati is said to have supported Jain scholars and sponsored the writing of Jain texts.
4. Protecting Jainism: Samprati is said to have protected Jainism from its enemies and ensured that Jains were not persecuted.
Legacy
Samprati's contributions to Jainism were significant, and he is remembered as one of the great patrons of the religion. His legacy lives on in the many Jain temples he built, the followers he converted, and the texts he sponsored.
Conclusion
Samprati's devotion to Jainism and his contributions to the religion make him an important figure in Indian history. His legacy serves as an inspiration to those who seek to promote religious tolerance and understanding.
Samprati, the successor of Ashoka, is referred to as a patron of Jains almost in the same light as Buddhist texts treat Ashoka. Samprati was a devout Jain and is credited with promoting Jainism during his reign.
Contributions to Jainism
Samprati is known for his contributions to Jainism, which include:
1. Building Jain temples: Samprati is said to have built thousands of Jain temples across India, including the famous Palitana temples in Gujarat.
2. Encouraging Jainism: Samprati is said to have encouraged people to follow Jainism and even converted many non-Jains to the religion.
3. Supporting Jain scholars: Samprati is said to have supported Jain scholars and sponsored the writing of Jain texts.
4. Protecting Jainism: Samprati is said to have protected Jainism from its enemies and ensured that Jains were not persecuted.
Legacy
Samprati's contributions to Jainism were significant, and he is remembered as one of the great patrons of the religion. His legacy lives on in the many Jain temples he built, the followers he converted, and the texts he sponsored.
Conclusion
Samprati's devotion to Jainism and his contributions to the religion make him an important figure in Indian history. His legacy serves as an inspiration to those who seek to promote religious tolerance and understanding.
Who said that “the royal palace halls of Ashoka.... were all made by spirits”?- a)Fahien
- b)Hieun Tsang
- c)I-Tsing
- d)Wang-Hiuen-Tse
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Who said that “the royal palace halls of Ashoka.... were all made by spirits”?
a)
Fahien
b)
Hieun Tsang
c)
I-Tsing
d)
Wang-Hiuen-Tse
|
|
Akshita Menon answered |
Fahien, a Chinese Buddhist monk and traveler, said that the royal palace halls of Ashoka were all made by spirits.
Explanation:
Fahien traveled to India during the reign of Chandragupta II, and his travels are documented in his book, "Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms". In this book, he describes his journey to various Buddhist sites in India, including the city of Pataliputra, which was the capital of the Mauryan Empire under the reign of Ashoka.
According to Fahien, the royal palace halls of Ashoka were all made by spirits. This suggests that the construction of these halls was beyond human capabilities and that they were built with the help of supernatural beings. The idea of spirits or supernatural beings assisting in the construction of buildings is not uncommon in many cultures and religions.
Fahien's account provides insight into the beliefs and cultural practices of the time and highlights the importance of supernatural beliefs in ancient Indian society.
Explanation:
Fahien traveled to India during the reign of Chandragupta II, and his travels are documented in his book, "Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms". In this book, he describes his journey to various Buddhist sites in India, including the city of Pataliputra, which was the capital of the Mauryan Empire under the reign of Ashoka.
According to Fahien, the royal palace halls of Ashoka were all made by spirits. This suggests that the construction of these halls was beyond human capabilities and that they were built with the help of supernatural beings. The idea of spirits or supernatural beings assisting in the construction of buildings is not uncommon in many cultures and religions.
Fahien's account provides insight into the beliefs and cultural practices of the time and highlights the importance of supernatural beliefs in ancient Indian society.
The special urban official who formed into six councils or boards and who looked after Pataliputra were known by the name of- a)Astynomois
- b)Antamahamatras
- c)Nagarsashakas
- d)Rajukas
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The special urban official who formed into six councils or boards and who looked after Pataliputra were known by the name of
a)
Astynomois
b)
Antamahamatras
c)
Nagarsashakas
d)
Rajukas
|
|
Nilesh Mehra answered |
Astynomois were the special urban officials who looked after Pataliputra during ancient times. Let's understand more about these officials and their role in governing the city.
Meaning of Astynomois
The term Astynomois is derived from the Greek word "astynomos" meaning "city law officer". It is believed that these officials were appointed by Emperor Ashoka to administer the city of Pataliputra, which was the capital of the Mauryan Empire.
Role of Astynomois
The Astynomois were responsible for maintaining law and order in the city. They formed six councils or boards to look after different aspects of governance. These councils were:
1. Sanitation Board - responsible for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in the city.
2. Health Board - responsible for providing medical facilities to the citizens.
3. Education Board - responsible for promoting education and learning in the city.
4. Trade Board - responsible for regulating trade and commerce.
5. Tax Board - responsible for collecting taxes from the citizens.
6. Judiciary Board - responsible for dispensing justice and resolving disputes among the citizens.
Apart from these councils, the Astynomois were also responsible for maintaining public buildings, roads, and other infrastructure in the city. They had the power to impose fines and penalties on those who violated the city's laws and regulations.
Conclusion
Thus, the Astynomois played a crucial role in governing the city of Pataliputra during ancient times. They were responsible for maintaining law and order, providing basic amenities to the citizens, and regulating various aspects of governance. Their efficient administration helped Pataliputra become one of the most prosperous and advanced cities of its time.
Meaning of Astynomois
The term Astynomois is derived from the Greek word "astynomos" meaning "city law officer". It is believed that these officials were appointed by Emperor Ashoka to administer the city of Pataliputra, which was the capital of the Mauryan Empire.
Role of Astynomois
The Astynomois were responsible for maintaining law and order in the city. They formed six councils or boards to look after different aspects of governance. These councils were:
1. Sanitation Board - responsible for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in the city.
2. Health Board - responsible for providing medical facilities to the citizens.
3. Education Board - responsible for promoting education and learning in the city.
4. Trade Board - responsible for regulating trade and commerce.
5. Tax Board - responsible for collecting taxes from the citizens.
6. Judiciary Board - responsible for dispensing justice and resolving disputes among the citizens.
Apart from these councils, the Astynomois were also responsible for maintaining public buildings, roads, and other infrastructure in the city. They had the power to impose fines and penalties on those who violated the city's laws and regulations.
Conclusion
Thus, the Astynomois played a crucial role in governing the city of Pataliputra during ancient times. They were responsible for maintaining law and order, providing basic amenities to the citizens, and regulating various aspects of governance. Their efficient administration helped Pataliputra become one of the most prosperous and advanced cities of its time.
Which of the following was not one of the fiscal measures that could be adopted in emergency?- a)Raising of tax to one-third or one-fourth
- b)Levy of pranaya (a gift of affection)
- c)Imposition ofvishti
- d)Forcing the cultivators to raise two crops
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following was not one of the fiscal measures that could be adopted in emergency?
a)
Raising of tax to one-third or one-fourth
b)
Levy of pranaya (a gift of affection)
c)
Imposition ofvishti
d)
Forcing the cultivators to raise two crops
|
|
Jaya Mehta answered |
The correct answer is option 'C' - Imposition of vishti.
Vishti was not one of the fiscal measures that could be adopted in an emergency. The term 'vishti' refers to a famine tax imposed on the people during times of severe food shortage or drought.
Fiscal measures are economic policies taken by the government to manage its revenue and expenditure. During emergencies such as wars, famines, or economic crises, governments may adopt various fiscal measures to mitigate the impact and ensure the stability of the economy.
Let us now discuss the three fiscal measures mentioned in the options:
a) Raising of tax to one-third or one-fourth: During emergencies, the government may increase taxes to generate additional revenue. This measure is aimed at increasing the government's income to meet the increased expenditure requirements in times of crisis. By raising taxes, the government can finance necessary expenditures such as defense, relief efforts, or infrastructure development.
b) Levy of pranaya (a gift of affection): Pranaya was a voluntary contribution made by the people to the king during times of crisis. It was seen as a gesture of loyalty and support towards the ruler. The levy of pranaya was one way for the government to raise funds during emergencies without resorting to forceful measures like taxation or confiscation.
c) Imposition of vishti: Vishti, as mentioned earlier, was not a fiscal measure. Instead, it was a tax imposed on the people during famines or severe food shortage. This tax was levied to ensure that the government had sufficient resources to provide relief to the affected population. However, it is worth noting that vishti was not a commonly practiced fiscal measure and was not considered as one of the standard options during emergencies.
d) Forcing the cultivators to raise two crops: This measure aimed at increasing agricultural production during times of food shortage. By coercing cultivators to grow two crops instead of the usual one, the government aimed to boost food production and ensure food security for the population. This measure focused on increasing agricultural output rather than directly generating revenue for the government.
In conclusion, the imposition of vishti was not one of the fiscal measures that could be adopted during an emergency. The other options mentioned - raising of tax, levy of pranaya, and forcing cultivators to raise two crops - were all potential fiscal measures that governments could adopt in times of crisis.
Vishti was not one of the fiscal measures that could be adopted in an emergency. The term 'vishti' refers to a famine tax imposed on the people during times of severe food shortage or drought.
Fiscal measures are economic policies taken by the government to manage its revenue and expenditure. During emergencies such as wars, famines, or economic crises, governments may adopt various fiscal measures to mitigate the impact and ensure the stability of the economy.
Let us now discuss the three fiscal measures mentioned in the options:
a) Raising of tax to one-third or one-fourth: During emergencies, the government may increase taxes to generate additional revenue. This measure is aimed at increasing the government's income to meet the increased expenditure requirements in times of crisis. By raising taxes, the government can finance necessary expenditures such as defense, relief efforts, or infrastructure development.
b) Levy of pranaya (a gift of affection): Pranaya was a voluntary contribution made by the people to the king during times of crisis. It was seen as a gesture of loyalty and support towards the ruler. The levy of pranaya was one way for the government to raise funds during emergencies without resorting to forceful measures like taxation or confiscation.
c) Imposition of vishti: Vishti, as mentioned earlier, was not a fiscal measure. Instead, it was a tax imposed on the people during famines or severe food shortage. This tax was levied to ensure that the government had sufficient resources to provide relief to the affected population. However, it is worth noting that vishti was not a commonly practiced fiscal measure and was not considered as one of the standard options during emergencies.
d) Forcing the cultivators to raise two crops: This measure aimed at increasing agricultural production during times of food shortage. By coercing cultivators to grow two crops instead of the usual one, the government aimed to boost food production and ensure food security for the population. This measure focused on increasing agricultural output rather than directly generating revenue for the government.
In conclusion, the imposition of vishti was not one of the fiscal measures that could be adopted during an emergency. The other options mentioned - raising of tax, levy of pranaya, and forcing cultivators to raise two crops - were all potential fiscal measures that governments could adopt in times of crisis.
What is Vishti?- a)Marriage rites
- b)Forced labour
- c)A province
- d)A district
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is Vishti?
a)
Marriage rites
b)
Forced labour
c)
A province
d)
A district
|
Anjali Mehta answered |
Explanation:
Vishti refers to a practice of forced labour in ancient India. It was a system in which labourers were forced to work for the state or the king without any payment. The practice was prevalent during the Vedic period and continued until the medieval period.
Vishti was considered a form of punishment for criminals or those who had committed a crime. It was also used as a means of collecting revenue from the people. The labourers were usually made to work on construction projects such as building roads, canals, and monuments. They were also employed in agriculture, mining, and other such activities.
The practice of Vishti was considered a violation of human rights as it involved forced labour without any payment. The labourers were often subjected to harsh working conditions and were not given any safety measures. Many of them died due to accidents or diseases that they contracted while working.
Over time, the practice of Vishti was abolished in many parts of India due to the efforts of social reformers and the government. Today, forced labour is illegal in India and is punishable under the law.
Conclusion:
Vishti was a practice of forced labour in ancient India. It was a system in which labourers were forced to work for the state or the king without any payment. The practice was prevalent during the Vedic period and continued until the medieval period. It was considered a violation of human rights and was abolished in many parts of India due to the efforts of social reformers and the government.
Vishti refers to a practice of forced labour in ancient India. It was a system in which labourers were forced to work for the state or the king without any payment. The practice was prevalent during the Vedic period and continued until the medieval period.
Vishti was considered a form of punishment for criminals or those who had committed a crime. It was also used as a means of collecting revenue from the people. The labourers were usually made to work on construction projects such as building roads, canals, and monuments. They were also employed in agriculture, mining, and other such activities.
The practice of Vishti was considered a violation of human rights as it involved forced labour without any payment. The labourers were often subjected to harsh working conditions and were not given any safety measures. Many of them died due to accidents or diseases that they contracted while working.
Over time, the practice of Vishti was abolished in many parts of India due to the efforts of social reformers and the government. Today, forced labour is illegal in India and is punishable under the law.
Conclusion:
Vishti was a practice of forced labour in ancient India. It was a system in which labourers were forced to work for the state or the king without any payment. The practice was prevalent during the Vedic period and continued until the medieval period. It was considered a violation of human rights and was abolished in many parts of India due to the efforts of social reformers and the government.
Which one of the following was regarded as the standard coin during the Mauryan period?- a)Nishka
- b)Krishnala
- c)Pana
- d)Suvarna
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following was regarded as the standard coin during the Mauryan period?
a)
Nishka
b)
Krishnala
c)
Pana
d)
Suvarna
|
|
Anshika Sarkar answered |
The Mauryan Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in ancient India, which lasted from 322 BCE to 185 BCE. It was during this period that the standard coin of the Mauryan Empire was introduced, known as the Pana.
Meaning of Pana
The Pana was a small copper coin that was widely circulated and accepted as the standard coin of the Mauryan Empire. It was used for trade and commerce, and its value was equivalent to a certain weight of silver or gold.
Features of Pana
The Pana was a small copper coin, weighing around 3 grams and measuring around 1.5 cm in diameter. It was inscribed with Brahmi script on one side and had various symbols on the other side, such as a bull, an elephant, a lion, etc. The inscriptions on the coin included the name of the ruler, the place of minting, and the year of issue.
Importance of Pana
The Pana was an important coin during the Mauryan period, as it helped in the growth of trade and commerce in the empire. It was accepted as a standard coin in all parts of the empire, which made it easier for traders and merchants to conduct business transactions. The use of Pana also helped in the development of a uniform system of weights and measures, which further facilitated trade and commerce.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Pana was the standard coin of the Mauryan Empire, which played a crucial role in the growth of trade and commerce during that era. It was a small copper coin with inscriptions in Brahmi script, and its wide acceptance helped in the development of a uniform system of weights and measures.
Meaning of Pana
The Pana was a small copper coin that was widely circulated and accepted as the standard coin of the Mauryan Empire. It was used for trade and commerce, and its value was equivalent to a certain weight of silver or gold.
Features of Pana
The Pana was a small copper coin, weighing around 3 grams and measuring around 1.5 cm in diameter. It was inscribed with Brahmi script on one side and had various symbols on the other side, such as a bull, an elephant, a lion, etc. The inscriptions on the coin included the name of the ruler, the place of minting, and the year of issue.
Importance of Pana
The Pana was an important coin during the Mauryan period, as it helped in the growth of trade and commerce in the empire. It was accepted as a standard coin in all parts of the empire, which made it easier for traders and merchants to conduct business transactions. The use of Pana also helped in the development of a uniform system of weights and measures, which further facilitated trade and commerce.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Pana was the standard coin of the Mauryan Empire, which played a crucial role in the growth of trade and commerce during that era. It was a small copper coin with inscriptions in Brahmi script, and its wide acceptance helped in the development of a uniform system of weights and measures.
Consider the following statements:Statement-I:
Asoka's approach after the Kalinga war aimed at expanding his empire through ideological means rather than physical conquest.Statement-II:
Asoka's policies post the Kalinga conflict led to the abandonment of militaristic actions, focusing on cultural influence and the propagation of Dhamma.Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?- a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
- b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
- d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
Asoka's approach after the Kalinga war aimed at expanding his empire through ideological means rather than physical conquest.
Asoka's approach after the Kalinga war aimed at expanding his empire through ideological means rather than physical conquest.
Statement-II:
Asoka's policies post the Kalinga conflict led to the abandonment of militaristic actions, focusing on cultural influence and the propagation of Dhamma.
Asoka's policies post the Kalinga conflict led to the abandonment of militaristic actions, focusing on cultural influence and the propagation of Dhamma.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
b)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
c)
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
d)
Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
|
|
Amrutha Gupta answered |
Understanding the Statements
The two statements regarding Asoka after the Kalinga war highlight his significant shift in governance and ideology.
Statement-I: Ideological Expansion
- Correctness: This statement is accurate. After the Kalinga war, which caused him great remorse due to the suffering it inflicted, Asoka sought to expand his empire not through military conquests but through the principles of Dhamma.
- Focus on Ideology: His approach emphasized moral and ethical teachings, aiming to create a unified society based on shared values.
Statement-II: Abandonment of Militarism
- Correctness: This statement is also correct. Asoka's policies indeed marked a departure from militaristic actions towards cultural influence.
- Propagation of Dhamma: He promoted Dhamma, a set of ethical guidelines rooted in Buddhism, which emphasized non-violence, compassion, and tolerance.
Connecting the Statements
- Explanation of Relationship: Statement-II explains Statement-I effectively. The abandonment of militaristic actions (Statement-II) is a direct consequence of his ideological shift towards expanding the empire through Dhamma (Statement-I). The two are interconnected, illustrating his comprehensive strategy for governance post-Kalinga.
Conclusion
- Correct Answer: Therefore, the correct option is (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II explains Statement-I. This understanding reflects Asoka's transformation into a ruler focused on spiritual and cultural advancement rather than territorial expansion.
The two statements regarding Asoka after the Kalinga war highlight his significant shift in governance and ideology.
Statement-I: Ideological Expansion
- Correctness: This statement is accurate. After the Kalinga war, which caused him great remorse due to the suffering it inflicted, Asoka sought to expand his empire not through military conquests but through the principles of Dhamma.
- Focus on Ideology: His approach emphasized moral and ethical teachings, aiming to create a unified society based on shared values.
Statement-II: Abandonment of Militarism
- Correctness: This statement is also correct. Asoka's policies indeed marked a departure from militaristic actions towards cultural influence.
- Propagation of Dhamma: He promoted Dhamma, a set of ethical guidelines rooted in Buddhism, which emphasized non-violence, compassion, and tolerance.
Connecting the Statements
- Explanation of Relationship: Statement-II explains Statement-I effectively. The abandonment of militaristic actions (Statement-II) is a direct consequence of his ideological shift towards expanding the empire through Dhamma (Statement-I). The two are interconnected, illustrating his comprehensive strategy for governance post-Kalinga.
Conclusion
- Correct Answer: Therefore, the correct option is (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II explains Statement-I. This understanding reflects Asoka's transformation into a ruler focused on spiritual and cultural advancement rather than territorial expansion.
The information that Ashoka had large number of brothers, and he was guilty of murdering them, is primarily found in- a)Buddhist accounts
- b)The inscription
- c)The Ceylonese chronicles
- d)Foreign accounts
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The information that Ashoka had large number of brothers, and he was guilty of murdering them, is primarily found in
a)
Buddhist accounts
b)
The inscription
c)
The Ceylonese chronicles
d)
Foreign accounts
|
|
Garima Tiwari answered |
The correct answer is option 'A' - Buddhist accounts.
Buddhist accounts are the primary source of information regarding the large number of brothers Ashoka had and his alleged guilt in their murder. The life and reign of Ashoka, the Mauryan emperor, are extensively documented in Buddhist texts and scriptures.
Buddhist accounts:
- The Buddhist texts, particularly the "Ashokavadana" and the "Divyavadana," provide detailed accounts of Ashoka's life, including his family background and the events that took place during his reign.
- According to these texts, Ashoka had several brothers, and there was a power struggle among them for the throne after their father's death. Ashoka emerged as the victor, but it is mentioned that he resorted to violence, including the murder of his brothers, to secure his position.
Importance of Buddhist accounts:
- The Buddhist accounts are considered significant because they provide valuable insights into Ashoka's personal life and the dynamics of the Mauryan empire. These texts were composed during or soon after Ashoka's reign, making them relatively contemporary sources.
- The Buddhist texts portray Ashoka's transformation from a ruthless conqueror to a compassionate ruler after the bloody war of Kalinga. This event marked a turning point in Ashoka's life, leading him to embrace Buddhism and adopt a policy of non-violence.
Other sources of information:
Although Buddhist accounts are the primary source, information about Ashoka can also be found in other historical sources. These include:
- The inscription: Ashoka's edicts, inscribed on rocks and pillars, provide insights into his policies, religious beliefs, and administrative measures. However, these inscriptions do not specifically mention the alleged murders of his brothers.
- The Ceylonese chronicles: The Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa, chronicles written in Sri Lanka, also provide information about Ashoka. However, they rely heavily on Buddhist accounts and do not provide additional details about the murder of his brothers.
- Foreign accounts: Foreign accounts, such as those by Greek historians like Megasthenes, mention Ashoka and his empire. However, these accounts do not specifically discuss the alleged fratricide.
In conclusion, while there are multiple sources that provide information about Ashoka, including his brothers and their alleged murder, the primary and most detailed accounts are found in Buddhist texts and scriptures. These texts offer valuable insights into Ashoka's life and the transformation he underwent during his reign.
Buddhist accounts are the primary source of information regarding the large number of brothers Ashoka had and his alleged guilt in their murder. The life and reign of Ashoka, the Mauryan emperor, are extensively documented in Buddhist texts and scriptures.
Buddhist accounts:
- The Buddhist texts, particularly the "Ashokavadana" and the "Divyavadana," provide detailed accounts of Ashoka's life, including his family background and the events that took place during his reign.
- According to these texts, Ashoka had several brothers, and there was a power struggle among them for the throne after their father's death. Ashoka emerged as the victor, but it is mentioned that he resorted to violence, including the murder of his brothers, to secure his position.
Importance of Buddhist accounts:
- The Buddhist accounts are considered significant because they provide valuable insights into Ashoka's personal life and the dynamics of the Mauryan empire. These texts were composed during or soon after Ashoka's reign, making them relatively contemporary sources.
- The Buddhist texts portray Ashoka's transformation from a ruthless conqueror to a compassionate ruler after the bloody war of Kalinga. This event marked a turning point in Ashoka's life, leading him to embrace Buddhism and adopt a policy of non-violence.
Other sources of information:
Although Buddhist accounts are the primary source, information about Ashoka can also be found in other historical sources. These include:
- The inscription: Ashoka's edicts, inscribed on rocks and pillars, provide insights into his policies, religious beliefs, and administrative measures. However, these inscriptions do not specifically mention the alleged murders of his brothers.
- The Ceylonese chronicles: The Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa, chronicles written in Sri Lanka, also provide information about Ashoka. However, they rely heavily on Buddhist accounts and do not provide additional details about the murder of his brothers.
- Foreign accounts: Foreign accounts, such as those by Greek historians like Megasthenes, mention Ashoka and his empire. However, these accounts do not specifically discuss the alleged fratricide.
In conclusion, while there are multiple sources that provide information about Ashoka, including his brothers and their alleged murder, the primary and most detailed accounts are found in Buddhist texts and scriptures. These texts offer valuable insights into Ashoka's life and the transformation he underwent during his reign.
Which one of the following was not a function of the Parisad in the Mauryan Period?- a)To implement the king’s orders
- b)To keep a watch on the conduct of wars
- c)To decide matters in the absence of the kings
- d)To keep a check on the administrative system
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following was not a function of the Parisad in the Mauryan Period?
a)
To implement the king’s orders
b)
To keep a watch on the conduct of wars
c)
To decide matters in the absence of the kings
d)
To keep a check on the administrative system
|
|
Sravya Basak answered |
Explanation:
Parisad refers to the council of ministers in the Mauryan period. It was an important institution that assisted the king in the administration of the empire. The functions of the Parisad included the following:
1. To implement the king's orders: The Parisad was responsible for the implementation of the king's orders and decisions.
2. To keep a check on the administrative system: The Parisad monitored the functioning of the administrative system and ensured that it was working efficiently.
3. To decide matters in the absence of the king: The Parisad had the power to take decisions in the absence of the king.
4. To advise the king on important matters: The Parisad provided advice to the king on important matters related to the administration of the empire.
However, the Parisad was not responsible for keeping a watch on the conduct of wars. This was the responsibility of the king and the army.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Parisad refers to the council of ministers in the Mauryan period. It was an important institution that assisted the king in the administration of the empire. The functions of the Parisad included the following:
1. To implement the king's orders: The Parisad was responsible for the implementation of the king's orders and decisions.
2. To keep a check on the administrative system: The Parisad monitored the functioning of the administrative system and ensured that it was working efficiently.
3. To decide matters in the absence of the king: The Parisad had the power to take decisions in the absence of the king.
4. To advise the king on important matters: The Parisad provided advice to the king on important matters related to the administration of the empire.
However, the Parisad was not responsible for keeping a watch on the conduct of wars. This was the responsibility of the king and the army.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
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