Indica by Megasthenes holds the prominent source of division of Indian society into seven castes

Division of Indian society into seven castes

The correct answer to the question is option 'D', which states that the division of Indian society into seven castes was informed by the source 'Indica'.

The 'Indica' is a historical account written by the Greek historian Megasthenes in the 4th century BCE. Megasthenes was an ambassador of the Greek emperor Seleucus I Nicator to the court of the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya. His work provides valuable insights into the social, political, and economic conditions of ancient India.

Understanding the caste system in ancient India

The caste system is a social structure that has existed in India for centuries. It is a hierarchical system that divides society into distinct groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. The caste system is deeply rooted in Hinduism and has influenced the social and cultural fabric of Indian society.

According to Megasthenes' 'Indica', the Indian society at that time was divided into seven main castes or varnas. These varnas were:

1. Brahmins: The highest varna, consisting of priests, scholars, and teachers.
2. Kshatriyas: The second varna, comprising warriors and rulers.
3. Vaishyas: The third varna, consisting of merchants, traders, and farmers.
4. Shudras: The fourth varna, comprising laborers and servants.
5. Atishudras: The fifth varna, consisting of those engaged in occupations considered impure or menial, such as butchers and sweepers.
6. Megasthenes also mentions two additional castes, the 'Philosophers' and the 'Governors,' which were considered as separate from the four varnas.

Significance of 'Indica' as a source

The 'Indica' by Megasthenes is an important source for understanding the ancient Indian society and its social structure. It provides valuable insights into the caste system and the varna division prevalent at that time. However, it is important to note that Megasthenes was an outsider and his observations may not be entirely accurate. Nevertheless, his work serves as an important historical document that sheds light on the social, political, and cultural aspects of ancient India.

In conclusion, the division of Indian society into seven castes, as informed by the source 'Indica' by Megasthenes, provides valuable insights into the ancient Indian caste system and its varna division. This historical account helps us understand the social structure of ancient India and its hierarchical divisions based on birth, occupation, and social status.