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All questions of Nutrients for UPSC CSE Exam

Which one of the following is not true about dietary fibre?
  • a)
    Provide nutrient to our body
  • b)
    Also known as roughage 
  • c)
    Help our body get rid of undigested food
  • d)
    Mainly provided by the plants
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anushka Sharma answered
Understanding Dietary Fibre
Dietary fibre is an essential component of a healthy diet, but it has specific functions and characteristics that distinguish it from other nutrients.
Option A: Provides Nutrients to Our Body
- Dietary fibre does not provide essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, or proteins.
- Instead, it is primarily a carbohydrate that the body cannot digest.
- While it aids in digestion and promotes gut health, it does not contribute calories or nutrients.
Option B: Also Known as Roughage
- This statement is true; dietary fibre is commonly referred to as roughage.
- It includes both soluble and insoluble fibres, which help in various digestive processes.
Option C: Helps Our Body Get Rid of Undigested Food
- This is accurate as dietary fibre plays a crucial role in the elimination of waste.
- It adds bulk to the stool, facilitating regular bowel movements and preventing constipation.
Option D: Mainly Provided by Plants
- This statement is correct; dietary fibre is predominantly found in plant-based foods.
- Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains are excellent sources of dietary fibre.
Conclusion
In summary, the correct answer to the question is option 'A', as dietary fibre does not provide nutrients to our body, unlike other food components. Its primary roles are related to digestion and promoting overall gut health.

Cow milk is yellowish due to the presence of which of the given options?
  • a)
    Lactose
  • b)
    Carotene and Casein
  • c)
    Butyric acid and lactose
  • d)
    Casein
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Knowledge Hub answered
Cow's milk is yellowish due to the presence of carotene, a yellow-orange pigment, and casein, a protein found in milk. Carotene is a fat-soluble pigment that cows obtain from the plants they eat, and it imparts a yellow color to the milk. Casein, on the other hand, is a major milk protein that is white but can also contribute to the yellowish appearance when present in sufficient amounts.

Anemia is caused by shortage of
  • a)
    Vitamin D
  • b)
    Calcium
  • c)
    lodine
  • d)
    Iron
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anemia is caused by a shortage of iron. Iron is a crucial mineral that is essential for the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. When the body lacks sufficient iron, it can't produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to various types of anemia. Symptoms of anemia may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Consuming iron-rich foods or iron supplements can help treat and prevent iron-deficiency anemia.

Bitot spot ______ vitamin deficiency.
  • a)
    A
  • b)
    D
  • c)
    E
  • d)
    K
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Bitot spots are small, foamy, whitish patches that appear on the conjunctiva of the eye, signaling vitamin A deficiency. These spots result from the accumulation of keratin on the eye's surface due to the lack of vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining healthy vision and supporting epithelial tissues. Recognizing Bitot spots can help identify early signs of vitamin A deficiency, prompting appropriate interventions like dietary supplementation and increased intake of vitamin A-rich foods to prevent further eye-related complications and support overall health.

Which is the good source of Iron in the given options?
  • a)
    Green vegetables
  • b)
    Eggs
  • c)
    Milk
  • d)
    Carrot
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Among the given options, green vegetables are a good source of iron. Vegetables like spinach, kale, broccoli, and collard greens are particularly rich in iron. Iron is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including oxygen transport and energy production. Including iron-rich foods like green vegetables in your diet can help prevent iron deficiency and maintain overall health. While eggs and milk also have nutrients, they are not as high in iron as green vegetables. Carrots, though nutritious, are not significant sources of iron.

Your body needs vitamins and minerals because ______.
  • a)
    They give the body energy
  • b)
    They help carry out metabolic reactions
  • c)
    They insulate the body organs
  • d)
    They withdraw heat from the body
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Your body needs vitamins and minerals because they help carry out metabolic reactions. Vitamins and minerals act as essential cofactors and coenzymes in various biochemical reactions that occur in the body. They play vital roles in supporting growth, development, and overall health by facilitating processes such as energy production, enzymatic reactions, immune function, and maintaining the structure and function of cells and tissues. While they do not provide energy themselves, they are crucial for the proper utilization of energy from macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Select from the following a group of eatables each member of which is rich in iron.
  • a)
    Amla, Spinach, Jaggery
  • b)
    Amla, Cabbage, Tomato
  • c)
    Cabbage, Amla, Spinach
  • d)
    Jaggery, Amla, Tomato
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ias Masters answered
Each member of this group is rich in iron. Amla (Indian gooseberry), spinach, and jaggery (unrefined sugar) are all good sources of iron. Including these foods in the diet can help prevent or treat iron deficiency anemia, as they contribute to the body's iron intake and support overall health. Cabbage, Tomato, and other options mentioned in the other groups may have other nutritional benefits but are not as rich in iron as the options in group 1.

Which of the given options is responsible for the formation of tissues?
  • a)
    Vitamins
  • b)
    Carbohydrates
  • c)
    Fats
  • d)
    Protein
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Proteins are responsible for the formation of tissues in the body. Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acids, and they play a crucial role in building and repairing tissues. They are the main structural components of cells, muscles, organs, skin, and many other body structures. Proteins also have various other functions in the body, including enzymatic activity, immune response, and transportation of molecules. Adequate protein intake is essential for maintaining and supporting healthy tissues and overall body functions.

What is the chemical name of Vitamin B9?
  • a)
    Folic Acid
  • b)
    Cyanocobalamin
  • c)
    Calciferol
  • d)
    Tocopherols
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Folic acid, also known as Vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin crucial for cell growth and metabolism. It plays a vital role in DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation, making it essential during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. Sources include leafy greens, fortified foods, and supplements. A lactating mother is advised to consume around 70g of protein daily to support her nutritional needs and her baby's development.

What is an average daily intake of proteins, suggested to an active woman?
  • a)
    100g
  • b)
    60g
  • c)
    30g
  • d)
    45g
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

An average daily protein intake of around 45 grams is typically suggested for an active woman. However, the actual recommended protein intake can vary based on factors such as age, weight, physical activity level, and overall health goals. Protein needs may also be different for individuals with specific dietary requirements or medical conditions. It's essential to consult a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian to determine the most suitable protein intake for individual needs.

During respiration, energy is produced in the form of?
  • a)
    ATP
  • b)
    ADP
  • c)
    NADP
  • d)
    Hydrogen
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Knowledge Hub answered
During respiration, energy is produced in the form of (a) ATP, which stands for Adenosine Triphosphate. ATP is the primary molecule used by cells to store and transfer energy for various cellular processes. It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell.

Casein present in milk is a type of?
  • a)
    Bacteria
  • b)
    Protein
  • c)
    Fat
  • d)
    Sugar
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Casein is a type of protein found in milk, making up about 80% of the total protein content in cow's milk. It is essential for providing amino acids and other nutrients necessary for growth and development in young mammals, including humans. Casein is what gives milk its white color and is a crucial source of protein in the human diet, especially for infants who rely on milk as their primary source of nutrition.

Which one of the following given options is not a micronutrient?
  • a)
    Zinc
  • b)
    Iron
  • c)
    Sulphur
  • d)
    Manganese
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Micronutrients are the nutrients that are required by organisms in small quantities throughout life. These include Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Copper, Boron, etc. Sulfur is not a micronutrient.

During the pandemic doctors are advising to consume vitamin-C rich food. Select the group rich in Vitamin-C.
  • a)
    Broccoli, soyabeans, peppers
  • b)
    Strawberries, orange, soyabeans
  • c)
    Milk, strawberries, lemon
  • d)
    Broccoli, strawberries, lemon
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

These foods are rich sources of Vitamin C. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in supporting the immune system and overall health. During the pandemic, consuming Vitamin C-rich foods can be beneficial in boosting the body's immune response and helping to fight off infections. Broccoli, strawberries, and lemon are all excellent sources of Vitamin C and can be included in a balanced diet to support overall well-being.

Alpha-keratin is a type of Which among the following?
  • a)
    Vitamin
  • b)
    Protein
  • c)
    Fat
  • d)
    Carbohydrate
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Alpha-keratin is a type of protein. It is a fibrous protein found in the epidermal tissues of various organisms, including humans and other animals. Alpha-keratin is the main structural component of hair, nails, hooves, feathers, and scales. It provides strength, rigidity, and support to these tissues and contributes to their overall structure and function.

Beriberi disease/disorder is caused by deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
  • a)
    Vitamin B12
  • b)
    Vitamin B2 
  • c)
    Vitamin B1
  • d)
    Vitamin B3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

answered
Beriberi disease/disorder is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine.
Thiamine is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and for converting food into energy. A lack of thiamine can lead to various symptoms, including neurological issues, cardiovascular problems, and muscle weakness, which are characteristic of beriberi. It can occur in people with a diet lacking in thiamine, often seen in populations dependent on polished rice as their primary food source, where the outer bran layer containing thiamine has been removed during processing.

Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of
  • a)
    Vitamin D
  • b)
    Vitamin A
  • c)
    Vitamin E
  • d)
    Vitamin K
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Knowledge Hub answered
Night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, is caused due to a deficiency of Vitamin A. Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision, especially in low-light conditions. It plays a crucial role in the functioning of the retina, which is the light-sensitive part of the eye responsible for night vision. A deficiency of Vitamin A can lead to impaired vision, particularly in dim light or darkness, and can manifest as night blindness. Consuming foods rich in Vitamin A or taking Vitamin A supplements can help prevent and treat night blindness.

Starch is a?
  • a)
    Disaccharides
  • b)
    Monosaccharides
  • c)
    Polysaccharides
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Starch is a polysaccharide. It is a complex carbohydrate made up of multiple glucose molecules joined together in long chains. It serves as the primary storage form of energy in plants and is commonly found in foods such as grains, potatoes, and legumes. When we consume starch, our body breaks it down into individual glucose units for energy utilization.

Which among the following elements is present in Hemoglobin?
  • a)
    Phosphorus
  • b)
    Copper
  • c)
    Magnesium
  • d)
    Iron
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Knowledge Hub answered
Iron is the element present in hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to various tissues and organs throughout the body. The iron atom in the heme group of hemoglobin binds to oxygen, allowing for efficient oxygen transport in the bloodstream. This oxygenation of hemoglobin is crucial for the delivery of oxygen to cells for energy production and overall body functions.

Which of the given enzymes is responsible for the digestion of milk protein?
  • a)
    Rennin
  • b)
    Pepsin
  • c)
    Trypsin
  • d)
    Erepsin
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rennin, also known as chymosin, is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of milk protein. It is primarily found in the stomach of young mammals, including human infants, as well as in some animals. Rennin helps coagulate milk by breaking down the milk protein called casein into smaller peptides, facilitating the formation of a curd. This curd aids in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from milk in the digestive system.

Does saliva help in the digestion of which of the given options?
  • a)
    Protein
  • b)
    Starch
  • c)
    Fibre
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase, which is responsible for breaking down starch into simpler sugars like maltose and dextrin. This initial breakdown of starch begins in the mouth with the help of saliva, preparing the food for further digestion in the stomach and small intestine. The correct answer is (b) Starch.

Which of the following is essential the human growth?
  • a)
    Fats
  • b)
    Proteins
  • c)
    Carbohydrates
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Knowledge Hub answered
Proteins are essential for human growth and development. They are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of the body. Proteins play a vital role in repairing and building tissues, supporting immune function, and serving as enzymes and hormones that regulate various physiological processes. While fats and carbohydrates are also important for energy and other functions, proteins are particularly critical for growth and repair in the human body.

What should a person diagnosed with anemia be advised to eat/drink?
  • a)
    Beetroot juice and spinach
  • b)
    Pomegranate juice and milk products
  • c)
    Lemonade and jelly
  • d)
    Cucumber and tomato soup
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Iron is a critical component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.
Anemia occurs when the body doesn't have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin to transport oxygen effectively, which can result in fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms. Beetroot juice and spinach can be helpful in treating anemia as they are both good sources of iron, which is an essential nutrient for the production of red blood cells.
Hence, the correct answer is Beetroot juice and Spinach.

An example of an organism that takes nutrition from dead and decaying matter is known as 
  • a)
    Grass
  • b)
    Dog
  • c)
    Mushrooms
  • d)
    Cuscuta or Amarbel
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mushrooms are an example of organisms that are saprophytic, meaning they obtain their nutrition from dead and decaying matter. They play an essential role in the ecosystem by decomposing organic material, breaking it down into simpler substances, and recycling nutrients back into the soil, which benefits other plants and organisms. Grass (a) and dogs (b) are not saprophytic, and Cuscuta or Amarbel (d) is a parasitic plant, which obtains its nutrition from other living plants and is not involved in the decomposition of dead matter.

_______ is necessary for the utilization and retention of calcium and phosphorus.
  • a)
    vitamin 'A'
  • b)
    vitamin 'C'
  • c)
    vitmin 'D'
  • d)
    vitamin 'K'
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the digestive tract and helps regulate their levels in the blood. This, in turn, supports bone health, as calcium and phosphorus are vital for bone formation and maintenance. Vitamin D is often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin" because the skin can produce it when exposed to sunlight, and it can also be obtained from certain foods and supplements.

Ribozymes are?
  • a)
    Vitamins
  • b)
    DNA
  • c)
    RNA
  • d)
    Fats
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ribozymes are RNA molecules that have enzymatic activity. Unlike traditional enzymes, which are usually composed of proteins, ribozymes are made of RNA and can catalyze specific chemical reactions within the cell. They are involved in various cellular processes and play critical roles in RNA splicing, RNA editing, and other important biochemical reactions. Ribozymes were first discovered in the 1980s and have since been a fascinating area of research in molecular biology.

Which of the following is not present in proteins?
  • a)
    Hydrogen
  • b)
    Nitrogen
  • c)
    Oxygen
  • d)
    All of the above are present
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

All of the elements mentioned (hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen) are present in proteins. Proteins are large macromolecules composed of amino acids, and their chemical composition includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. The presence of nitrogen in proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates and lipids, which do not contain nitrogen.

Which of the following is autotroph?
  • a)
    Human
  • b)
    Plant
  • c)
    Animal
  • d)
    Fungi
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Knowledge Hub answered
Plants are autotrophs, which means they produce their own food. They use the process of photosynthesis to transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into oxygen, and simple sugars that the plant uses as fuel.

Radha's teacher observed that Radha is finding difficulty in reading blackboard. The doctor suggests that Radha needs to increase the food rich in which of the following nutrients:
  • a)
    Vitamin K
  • b)
    Vitamin A
  • c)
    Vitamin C
  • d)
    Vitamin D
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

If Radha is having difficulty reading the blackboard, it could be a sign of visual impairment, which is often associated with a deficiency in Vitamin A. Vitamin A is crucial for maintaining healthy vision, particularly in low-light conditions, and is essential for the proper functioning of the retina. Consuming foods rich in Vitamin A, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and other colorful fruits and vegetables, can help improve eye health and alleviate visual issues caused by Vitamin A deficiency.

Which of the following is responsible for the conversion of milk into curd?
  • a)
    Enzyme
  • b)
    Fungus
  • c)
    Vitamin
  • d)
    Bacteria
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Bacteria are responsible for converting milk into curd. Lactic acid bacteria ferment the lactose in milk, producing lactic acid. This leads to the coagulation of milk proteins, resulting in the formation of curd. Enzymes can also play a role, but bacteria, particularly lactic acid bacteria, are the primary agents involved in the curdling process. Fungi and vitamins do not have a significant role in milk-to-curd transformation.

Which of the following diseases is caused by the deficiency of haemoglobin?
  • a)
    Malaria
  • b)
    Anemia
  • c)
    Rabies
  • d)
    Cholera
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anemia is caused by a deficiency of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an essential protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it to various tissues and organs in the body. In anemia, the body lacks an adequate number of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to a reduced ability to transport oxygen. This can result in symptoms like fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Malaria, Rabies, and Cholera are caused by other factors and are not directly related to hemoglobin deficiency.

Which of the following vitamins is essential for maintaining good vision and is often referred to as the "eye vitamin"?
  • a)
    Vitamin C
  • b)
    Vitamin D
  • c)
    Vitamin A
  • d)
    Vitamin B12
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Knowledge Hub answered
Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient for maintaining healthy vision and overall health. It is known as the "eye vitamin" because it plays a vital role in the functioning of the retina and helps improve night vision. Additionally, Vitamin A supports the immune system and promotes cell growth and development.

What is the average percentage of fat present in buffalo milk?
  • a)
    5.5%
  • b)
    9.0%
  • c)
    7.2%
  • d)
    11%
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

A Average fat content in buffalo milk is 7.2% and the average fat content in cow milk is 4.4%. As per the nutrient components buffalo milk contains all the nutrients in higher proportion than cow's milk.

Which of the given is responsible for the sweetness of milk?
  • a)
    Sucrose
  • b)
    Lactose
  • c)
    Carotene
  • d)
    Microse
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

The sweetness of milk is primarily due to the presence of lactose. Lactose is a type of sugar found in milk, and it is responsible for giving milk its characteristic sweetness. The correct answer is (b) Lactose.

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