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All questions of Part A: Indian Constitution at Work for Humanities/Arts Exam

In which year did the Lok Sabha unanimously decide to suspend official business to prioritize a debate on Assam?
  • a)
    2002
  • b)
    1998
  • c)
    1985
  • d)
    1983
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Varun Datta answered
22 February 1983: In a rare move, the Lok Sabha today unanimously decided to suspend official business and give precedence to debate on Assam. Home Minister P.C.Sethi made a statement “I seek the cooperation of all members whatever their views and policies, in promoting harmony among different communities and groups living in Assam. What is needed now is not acrimony but a healing touch.” (Hindustan Times, 22 February 1983)
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In every two years, one-third members of the Rajya Sabha get
  • a)
    suspended.
  • b)
    retired.
  • c)
    nominated.
  • d)
    promoted.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Atharva Banerjee answered
All members of the Rajya Sabha do not complete their terms at the same time. Every two years, one-third members of the Rajya Sabha complete their term and elections are held for those one-third seats only.

The total numbers of seats for Lok Sabha are
  • a)
    484
  • b)
    496
  • c)
    535
  • d)
    543
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jaideep Mehta answered
At present there are 543 constituencies or seats for Lok Sabha and this number has not changed since 1971.

The members of parliament are free to raise any matter, which according to them is important, during
  • a)
    Adjournment motion.
  • b)
    Question hour.
  • c)
    No confidence motion.
  • d)
    Zero hour.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Dhruba Malik answered
Zero Hour where members are free to raise any matter that they think is important (though the ministers are not bound to reply), half-an –hour discussion on matters of public importance, adjournment motion etc. are some instruments of exercising control.

The constitution of a country provides the basis for
  • a)
    punishment of criminals
  • b)
    diplomatic relations with other countries
  • c)
    relationship between citizens
  • d)
    governance of the country
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnav Chakraborty answered
A constitution is the basic fundamental law of a State. It lays down the objectives of the State which it has to achieve. It provides for the constitutional framework that is,various structures and organs of the governments at different levels. In addition, it describes the rights and duties of the citizens. It is, therefore, considered to be the basis for the governance of the country.

In India, at the state level, the executive comprises of the chief minister, council of ministers and the
  • a)
    President
  • b)
    Prime Minister
  • c)
    Chief Justice
  • d)
    Governor
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditya Choudhary answered
According to the parliamentary system, there is a president who is the formal head of the state of India and the prime minister and the council of ministers, which run the government at the national level. At the State level, the executive comprises the governor and the chief minister and council of ministers.

Who decides the substance and timing of the bill?
  • a)
    Governor
  • b)
    President
  • c)
    Cabinet
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Yadav answered
The cabinet decides the substance and even the timing of the bill. No major bill is introduced in the parliament without the cabinet’s approval.

Confidence or no-confidence can be moved only in
  • a)
    Rajya Sabha
  • b)
    Lok Sabha
  • c)
    Planning Commission
  • d)
    Estimate Committee
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Preethi Sen answered
The motion of no confidence (alternatively vote of no confidence, censure motion or confidence motion) is a parliamentary motion put before a parliament by the opposition in the hope of defeating or weakening a government, or rarely, by an erstwhile supporter who has lost confidence in the government. Lok sabha alone can move this motion.

Which one of the following Fundamental Rights has been ensured to the citizens of India?
  • a)
    To get education
  • b)
    To get employment
  • c)
    To buy and sell property
  • d)
    To form associations or unions
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Athul Chawla answered
Under Article 19(1)(c)The Right to Freedom gives the Freedom to form associations or unions or co-operative societies on which the State can impose reasonable restrictions in the interest of public order, morality and the sovereignty and integrity of India.

The Cabinet has a secretariat under a
  • a)
    Senior Minister
  • b)
    President
  • c)
    Prime Minister
  • d)
    Secretary General
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Hrishikesh Jain answered
The Secretary General has an important coordinating role in the decision making at the highest level. It operates under the supervision and direction of the Prime Minister.

Who defined the functions and responsibilities of the Supreme Court?
  • a)
    Law of the land
  • b)
    Supreme court
  • c)
    Supreme court tribunal
  • d)
    Constitution
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sounak Mehra answered
Supreme court functions within the limitations imposed by the Constitution. The functions and responsibilities of the Supreme Court are defined by the Constitution.

What was the eligibility age for voting in 1989?
  • a)
    20
  • b)
    18
  • c)
    16
  • d)
    22
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Trisha Vashisht answered
The Indian constitution adopts Universal adult franchise as a basis of elections to the Lok Sabha and State legislative assemblies. Every citizen who is or above 18 years of age has a right to vote without any discrimination of caste, race , religion, sex, literacy, etc. The voting age was reduced from 21 to 18 by the Parliament in the year 1989 by the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act of 1988.

What was the outcome of the acrimonious scenes in the Lok Sabha on June 4, 1998, regarding the proposed hike in urea prices?
  • a)
    The entire opposition staged a walkout.
  • b)
    The Finance Minister resigned from his position.
  • c)
    The hike in urea prices was approved.
  • d)
    The issue was deferred to a later date for discussion.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditya Banerjee answered
On 4 June 1998, the Lok Sabha witnessed acrimonious scenes over the hike in urea and petroleum process. The entire opposition staged a walkout. The issue rocked the house for two days leading to walkout by opposition. The finance minister in his budget proposal had proposed a hike of 50 paisa per kilogram of urea to reduce subsidy on it. This forced the finance minister Mr. Yashwant Sinha to roll back the hike in urea prices ( Hindustan Times, 4 and 5 June 1998)

How many variations could there be in the PR system?
  • a)
    Four
  • b)
    Two
  • c)
    Five
  • d)
    Three
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Yadav answered
In the PR system, there could be two variations. One in which the entire country is treated as one constituency, and seats are allocated to each party according to its share of votes in the national election. In other, the country is divided into several multi-member constituencies.

In the Constituent Assembly of India, “Chairman of Union Constitution Committee” was
  • a)
    Rajkumari Amrit Kaur.
  • b)
    G.V. Mavalankar.
  • c)
    Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • d)
    Dr. John Mathai.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Pillai answered
He was also a Chairman of Union Powers Committee and States Committee. He introduced the “Objectives Resolution” in the Constituent Assembly on 13 December 1946.

Who is responsible for drafting the bill?
  • a)
    Judiciary
  • b)
    Bureaucracy
  • c)
    Governor
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Yadav answered
The actual task of drafting the bill is performed by the bureaucracy under the supervision of the minister concerned.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The USA has a presidential system and executive powers are in the hands of the president. Canada has a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy where Queen Elizabeth II is the formal chief of state and the prime minister is the head of government. In France, both the president and the prime minister are a part of the semi presidential system. The president appoints the prime minister as well as the ministers but cannot dismiss them as they are responsible to the parliament. Japan has a parliamentary system with the Emperor as the head of the state and the prime minister as the head of government. Italy has a parliamentary system with the president as the formal head of state and the prime minister as the head of government. Russia has a semi-presidential system where the president is the head of state and prime minister, who is appointed by the president, is the head of government. Germany has a parliamentary system in which the president is the ceremonial head of state and the chancellor is the head of government.
Q. Who is the head of the state in Japan?
  • a)
    President
  • b)
    Prime Minister
  • c)
    Emperor
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Mehta answered
The Constitution of Japan defines the Emperor to be "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people". He performs ceremonial duties and holds no real power. Political power is held mainly by the Prime Minister and other elected members of the Diet.

The longest tenure as the Prime Minister of India is enjoyed by
  • a)
    Jawahar Lal Nehru
  • b)
    Charan Singh
  • c)
    V. P. Singh
  • d)
    Lal Bahadur Shastri
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnab Gupta answered
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first and is so far the longest-serving prime minister of independent India, serving from 1947 to 1964. He served for 17 years.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
In 1978 the Constitution of Sri Lanka was amended and the system of Executive Presidency was introduced. Under the system of Executive Presidency, people directly elect the President. It may happen that both the President and the Prime Minister belong to the same political party or to different political parties. The President has vast powers under the constitution. The President chooses the Prime Minister from the party that has a majority in the Parliament Though ministers must be members of the Parliament, the President has the power to remove the Prime Minister, or ministers. Apart from being the elected Head of State and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the President is also the Head of the Government Elected for a term of six years, the President cannot be removed except by a resolution in the Parliament passed by at least two-thirds of the total number of Members of Parliament If it is passed by not less than one-half of the total number of Members of Parliament and the Speaker is satisfied that such allegations merit inquiry, then the Speaker can report the matter to the Supreme Court.
Q. In the Executive Presidency, is the President only the Head of State?
  • a)
    Yes
  • b)
    No
  • c)
    Head of the Government
  • d)
    Head of the Opposition
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Yadav answered
Under the Constitution of India, the head of the Executive is the President. All executive power is vested in him and all executive actions are taken in his name. He is, however, only a Constitutional Head of State acting on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers and as such only the formal Executive.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Besides, as we saw in the section on jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, in the case of federal relations too, the Supreme Court can use the review powers if a law is inconsistent with the distribution of powers laid down by the Constitution. Suppose, the central government makes a law, which according to some States, concerns a subject from the State list, then the States can go to the Supreme Court and if the court agrees with them, it would declare that the law is unconstitutional. In this sense, the review power of the Supreme Court includes power to review legislations on the ground that they violate fundamental rights or on the ground that they violate the federal distribution of powers. The review power extends to the laws passed by State legislatures also.
Q. The Supreme Court can use the review powers if a law is ____________with the distribution of powers laid down by the Constitution.
  • a)
    in accordance
  • b)
    distorted
  • c)
    inconsistent
  • d)
    favourable
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aniket Banerjee answered
Understanding the Review Powers of the Supreme Court
The Supreme Court holds significant authority in reviewing laws to ensure they align with the Constitution. The key terms in the context of the review powers are crucial for understanding why the correct answer is option 'C', "inconsistent."
Definition of Inconsistent
- Inconsistent refers to a lack of harmony or agreement between two or more elements. In this case, it pertains to laws that do not align with the powers granted by the Constitution.
Importance of Distribution of Powers
- The Constitution outlines a clear distribution of powers between the central and state governments.
- Laws enacted by the central government must not encroach upon subjects that fall under the jurisdiction of the state list.
Role of the Supreme Court
- The Supreme Court serves as a guardian of the Constitution, ensuring that laws respect the federal structure.
- If a law is deemed inconsistent with the Constitution's allocation of powers, the Supreme Court has the authority to declare it unconstitutional.
Practical Application
- When states believe that a central law violates this distribution, they can appeal to the Supreme Court.
- If the Court finds merit in the states’ claims, it can nullify the law, reinforcing the principle of federalism.
In summary, the Supreme Court's review powers are invoked when a law is inconsistent with constitutional provisions regarding the distribution of powers. This mechanism protects the rights of states and maintains the integrity of the federal system.

Who is the formal chief of state in Canada?
  • a)
    Queen Elizabeth I
  • b)
    Queen Elizabeth II
  • c)
    President
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajesh Gupta answered
Canada has a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy where Queen Elizabeth II is the formal chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government.

Assertion (A): The 42nd amendment of the Constitution introduced Fundamental Duties for citizens.
Reason (R): The Constitution enforces these duties as prerequisites for enjoying fundamental rights.
  • a)
    If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • b)
    If Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • c)
    If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • d)
    If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Akshita Saha answered
Understanding the Assertion and Reason
The question revolves around the 42nd Amendment of the Indian Constitution, which indeed introduced Fundamental Duties for citizens. This amendment was enacted in 1976 and marked a significant shift in the constitutional framework.
Assertion (A): True
- The 42nd Amendment added Article 51A to the Constitution, outlining the Fundamental Duties of citizens.
- These duties encompass responsibilities like promoting harmony, striving for excellence, and protecting the environment, among others.
Reason (R): False
- While the Constitution emphasizes the importance of Fundamental Duties, it does not enforce them as prerequisites for enjoying Fundamental Rights.
- Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties are distinct in that the former can be legally enforced, while the latter serve more as moral obligations.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- The Assertion is correct: The 42nd Amendment indeed introduced Fundamental Duties.
- The Reason is incorrect: Fundamental Duties do not act as prerequisites for Fundamental Rights.
Thus, the correct answer is option B: "If Assertion is true but Reason is false." This distinction clarifies the role and nature of Fundamental Duties in relation to Fundamental Rights within the framework of the Constitution.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
All citizens cannot take direct part in making every decision. Therefore, representatives are elected by the people. This is how elections become important. Whenever we think of India as a democracy, our mind invariably turns to the last elections. Elections have today become the most visible symbol of the democratic process. We often distinguish between direct and indirect democracy. A direct democracy is one where the citizens directly participate in the day-today decision making and in the running of the government. The ancient city-states in Greece were considered as examples of direct democracy.
Q. Which of these is the closest example of direct democracy in India?
  • a)
    Rajya Sabha
  • b)
    Gram Sabha
  • c)
    Lok Sabha
  • d)
    All of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajesh Gupta answered
Gram Sabha is an example of direct democracy. It is a village assembly consisting of all the registered voters of the village.

The electoral procedure of the Vice President of India is mentioned under article
  • a)
    56
  • b)
    60
  • c)
    61
  • d)
    66
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Atharva Banerjee answered
Article 66 says, "The Vice-President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament, in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting at such election shall be by secret ballot."

Who can remove the Chief Election Commissioner before the expiry of the term?
  • a)
    Vice-President
  • b)
    Chairman
  • c)
    President
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Yadav answered
The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed before the expiry of the term by the president if both houses of parliament make such are commendation with a special majority.

The present composition of the Election Commission is a
  • a)
    as decided by President
  • b)
    one-member body
  • c)
    two-member body
  • d)
    three-member body
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Preethi Sen answered
At present, the Election Commission of India is a three-member body, with one Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
Constitutions also provide peaceful, democratic means to bring about social transformation. Moreover, for a hitherto colonised people, constitutions announce and embody the first real exercise of political self-determination.
Nehru understood both these points well. The demand for a Constituent Assembly, he claimed, represented a collective demand for full self-determination because, only a Constituent Assembly of elected representatives of the Indian people, had the right to frame India's constitution without external interference. Secondly, he argued, the Constituent Assembly is not just a body of people or a gathering of able lawyers, rather, it is a 'nation on the move, throwing away the shell of its past political and possibly social structure, and fashioning for itself a new garment of its own making.' The Indian Constitution was designed to break the shackles of traditional social hierarchies and to usher in a new era of freedom, equality and justice.
Q. Who demanded for Constituent Assembly?
  • a)
    Nehru
  • b)
    Gandhi
  • c)
    Ambedkar
  • d)
    All of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Yadav answered
For the first time, the constitution for India was drafted by Nehru Committee in 1928. In the Lahore session of 1929, Congress adopted the Poorna Swarajya. In 1934, the demand for a constituent assembly was raised for the first time, which was later became an official demand in 1935.

The first State in the country to adopt the Panchayati Raj System on 2nd October, 1959 was
  • a)
    Andhra Pradesh
  • b)
    Rajasthan
  • c)
    Bihar
  • d)
    Orrisa
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sahana Choudhury answered
Following the recommendations of Balwant Rai Mehta Report, Rajasthan was the first State in the country to adopt the Panchayati Raj System on 2nd October, 1959. It was followed by Andhra Pradesh and within next few years almost every State established some sort of Panchayati Raj Set-up.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
All citizens cannot take direct part in making every decision. Therefore, representatives are elected by the people. This is how elections become important. Whenever we think of India as a democracy, our mind invariably turns to the last elections. Elections have today become the most visible symbol of the democratic process. We often distinguish between direct and indirect democracy. A direct democracy is one where the citizens directly participate in the day-today decision making and in the running of the government. The ancient city-states in Greece were considered as examples of direct democracy.
Q. Which of the following justifies the necessity of electing representatives?
  • a)
    To ensure economic stability
  • b)
    To eradicate discrimination
  • c)
    To address and solve issues faced by the citizens
  • d)
    To generate employment
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajesh Gupta answered
The most important thing you can do for someone is to encourage them to think about their issue in a different way. While doing so won't feed your ego in the same way that coming up with a solution can, you will assist a person with a problem to change their thinking.

The number of members from Uttar Pradesh to Rajya Sabha is
  • a)
    23
  • b)
    29
  • c)
    31
  • d)
    33
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Avi Kapoor answered
In Rajya Sabha, a state with larger population gets more representatives than states with smaller population. So, a more populous state like Uttar Pradesh sends 31 members to the Rajya Sabha, while a smaller and less populous state like Sikkim has only one seat in the Rajya Sabha.

In the case of Machal Lalung of Assam, the justice was made after the intervention of:
  • a)
    Supreme Court
  • b)
    National Human Rights Commission
  • c)
    Government of India
  • d)
    Lok Priya Gopinath Bordoloi Mental Hospital
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anirudh Desai answered
Machal Lalung was 23 when he was arrested and he was released in July 2005 at age of 77. He spent 54 years under custody during which his case never came up for hearing. He was freed when a team appointed by the National Human Rights Commission intervened after an inspection of undertrials in the State.

Who is bound to protect the rights of the individual?
  • a)
    Government
  • b)
    People
  • c)
    Emperor
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Yadav answered
A bill of rights prohibits the government from acting against the rights of the individuals and ensures a remedy in case there is a violation of these rights. From whom does a constitution protect the individual’s rights? Another person or private organisation may threaten the rights of a person. In such a situation, the individual would need the government’s protection. So, the government must be bound to protect the individual’s rights.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The Indian Constitution is based on a delicate principle of limited separation of powers and checks and balances. This means that each organ of the government has a clear area of functioning. Thus, the Parliament is supreme in making laws and amending the Constitution, the executive is supreme in implementing them while the judiciary is supreme in settling disputes and deciding whether the laws that have been made are in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. Despite such clear-cut division of power, the conflict between the Parliament and judiciary, and executive and the judiciary has remained a recurrent theme in Indian politics.
Q. The ________________ is supreme in making laws.
  • a)
    Executive
  • b)
    Governor
  • c)
    Parliament
  • d)
    President
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajesh Gupta answered
On paper, there is no doubt that Parliament is supreme as far as lawmaking is concerned. In our parliamentary system, the government has a dominant role in the lawmaking process. The Bills are drafted and introduced by the government.

In Bolivia, the law that decentralized the power at the local level is
  • a)
    Presidential Law.
  • b)
    Decentralized Law.
  • c)
    Popular Participation Law.
  • d)
    Popular Decentralized Law.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Athul Choudhary answered
In 1994, the Popular Participation Law decentralized power to the local level, allowing for the popular election of mayors, dividing the country into municipalities and crafting a system of transfer of powers to municipalities.

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