All questions of Non-Constitutional Bodies for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

The correct answer is option 'B': Only statement 2 is correct.

Explanation:
The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an apex governmental body in India that addresses corruption in public administration. It was established in February 1964 on the recommendation of the Santhanam Committee, which was appointed to study the problem of corruption in India. The CVC was set up by an executive resolution of the Government of India and not by an Act of Parliament. Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect.

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is a constitutional body that conducts examinations for the appointment of civil servants in the Indian government. It has been granted a significant degree of independence and autonomy to ensure the impartiality and fairness of the selection process. Similarly, the Central Vigilance Commission is also granted a measure of independence and autonomy, but not to the same extent as the UPSC. The UPSC is a constitutional body, while the CVC is a statutory body. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.

To summarize:
- Statement 1 is incorrect because the Central Vigilance Commission was not set up by an Act of Parliament but by an executive resolution of the Government of India.
- Statement 2 is correct because the Central Vigilance Commission has been given a measure of independence and autonomy, although not to the same extent as the Union Public Service Commission.

Hence, the correct answer is option 'B': Only statement 2 is correct.

Background:
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is an independent public body constituted under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.

Explanation:

• Statement 1: The National Human Rights Commission is not a constitutional body.

The NHRC is not a constitutional body as it is not mentioned in the Constitution of India. It was established under a statutory law, the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.


• Statement 2: The National Human Rights Commission is a statutory body.

This statement is correct. The NHRC is a statutory body created under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It derives its powers and functions from this Act, which was enacted by the Parliament of India.


• Conclusion:

Both statements are correct. The NHRC is not a constitutional body but a statutory body created by an Act of Parliament. It is tasked with the protection and promotion of human rights in India.

Is there any specific time for President presenting this report before each house of Parliament

Central Vigilance Commissioners and Vigilance Commissioners are appointed by President after obtaining the recommendations of committee consisting Prime Minister, Minister of Home Affairs and Opposition Leader of Lok Sabha

I have a doubt that ex officio members are not of the Secretary rank. kindly discuss @edurev

Introduction:
The Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) is a high-ranking position in the Indian government responsible for addressing corruption and ensuring transparency in public administration. The salary, allowances, and other service conditions of the CVC are similar to those of the Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).

Explanation:
The Central Vigilance Commissioner and the Chairman of the UPSC are both constitutional positions and hold similar ranks in the government. Therefore, their salary, allowances, and other service conditions are identical. This parity is maintained to ensure that the CVC is provided with the necessary resources and benefits to carry out their duties effectively and independently.

Similarities between the CVC and the Chairman of UPSC:
1. Salary: Both the CVC and the Chairman of the UPSC receive the same salary. The salary is determined based on the guidelines set by the government and is subject to periodic revisions.
2. Allowances: Both positions are entitled to various allowances such as dearness allowance, house rent allowance, and other benefits as per government regulations.
3. Perquisites: The CVC and the Chairman of the UPSC are provided with official residences, staff, and other facilities to carry out their functions effectively.
4. Retirement Benefits: Both positions are entitled to retirement benefits such as pension, medical facilities, and other post-retirement perks as per government rules.

Significance of Salary Parity:
The similarity in salary, allowances, and other service conditions between the CVC and the Chairman of the UPSC is important for several reasons:
1. Independence: By providing similar service conditions, the government ensures that the CVC is independent and free from any external influence or pressure.
2. Attracting Talent: Offering competitive salary and benefits helps in attracting competent and experienced individuals to these crucial positions.
3. Equity: Maintaining parity in service conditions ensures fairness and equity among different constitutional positions in the government.

Conclusion:
The salary, allowances, and other service conditions of the Central Vigilance Commissioner are similar to those of the Chairman of the UPSC. This parity is important for maintaining the independence and effectiveness of the CVC in addressing corruption and ensuring transparency in public administration.

Statement 1: The National Human Rights Commission is the watchdog of human rights in the country.

The statement is correct. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is indeed the watchdog of human rights in the country. It is an autonomous public body responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights in India. The NHRC was established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It is tasked with the responsibility of inquiring into complaints of human rights violations, conducting research and promoting awareness about human rights.

Statement 2: The National Human Rights Commission is an independent body.

The statement is correct. The NHRC is an independent body. It is not under the control of the government or any other authority. The Commission is composed of a Chairperson and members who are appointed by the President of India. The Chairperson and members enjoy independence and security of tenure, which ensures their impartiality and autonomy in carrying out their duties. The NHRC is not subject to the control or directions of any government authority, and it functions independently to protect and promote human rights.

Explanation:
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct. The NHRC is indeed the watchdog of human rights in the country, responsible for protecting and promoting human rights. It is an independent body that functions autonomously and is not under the control of any government authority. The NHRC plays a crucial role in safeguarding human rights in India by investigating complaints, conducting inquiries, promoting awareness, and recommending measures for the protection of human rights.

Explanation:

The Lokayukta and Uplokayuktas Act was first passed in Maharashtra in 1971 to establish a Lokayukta in the state. The Lokayukta is an anti-corruption ombudsman who investigates complaints of corruption against public officials and elected representatives. The Act was later adopted by several other states in India, including Karnataka, Odisha, and West Bengal.

Key Points:
- The Lokayukta and Uplokayuktas Act was first passed in Maharashtra in 1971.
- The Act established a Lokayukta in the state to investigate complaints of corruption against public officials and elected representatives.
- The Act has been adopted by several other states in India, including Karnataka, Odisha, and West Bengal.

Explanation:
Lokayuktas have not been appointed in all the States of India. This makes option A false. The correct information is that Lokayuktas have been appointed in only 21 States of India. This makes option D true.

The reason given in option R is correct. An independent institution is required to redress grievances of the people against the actions of civil servants. However, it does not explain why Lokayuktas have not been appointed in all the States. Therefore, option R is not the correct explanation of option A.

In conclusion, option D is the correct answer as it correctly states that Lokayuktas have not been appointed in all the States of India.

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the premier investigating agency of India. It was established in 1963 by the Government of India through a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs. The CBI functions as an autonomous organization that investigates and solves high-profile cases related to corruption, economic offenses, and other serious crimes.

Establishment of CBI:

The CBI was set up by the Indian government through a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1963. The resolution was passed under the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, which was enacted in 1946. The DSPE Act was amended in 1964 to give the CBI statutory powers.

Functions of CBI:

The CBI is responsible for investigating cases related to corruption, economic offenses, serious crimes, and other cases of national and international importance. Some of the functions of the CBI are:

1. Investigating cases referred to it by state governments, Union Territories, and other agencies.

2. Probing cases related to economic offenses, such as fraud, embezzlement, and money laundering.

3. Investigating cases related to serious crimes, such as murder, terrorism, and organized crime.

4. Conducting joint operations with other law enforcement agencies.

5. Collecting and analyzing intelligence related to crimes and criminals.

6. Providing technical assistance to other law enforcement agencies.

Conclusion:

The CBI is a premier investigative agency of India that was established in 1963 by the Government of India through a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs. It functions as an autonomous organization that investigates and solves high-profile cases related to corruption, economic offenses, and other serious crimes. The CBI has been given statutory powers under the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, which was enacted in 1946 and amended in 1964.

Power and Function of State Information Commissioner

The State Information Commissioner is responsible for ensuring the effective implementation of the Right to Information Act in the state. The powers and functions of the State Information Commissioner are as follows:

Inquiry: The commission can inquire into any matter on reasonable grounds. This includes complaints made by citizens, suo moto inquiries, and appeals against decisions made by the Public Information Officer (PIO) or First Appellate Authority (FAA).

Power of a civil court: During the inquiry, the commission has the power of a civil court. This means that it can summon and enforce the attendance of witnesses, receive evidence on affidavit, requisition any public record, and issue summons for the examination of witnesses or documents.

Disciplinary action: The commission can recommend disciplinary action against the errant official. This includes imposing penalties, initiating departmental proceedings, or recommending criminal proceedings.

Not examine information in custody of public authority: However, during the inquiry of a complaint, the commission cannot examine any information which is in the custody of a public authority. This is because the commission's role is to ensure that the public authority has provided the information requested by the citizen under the RTI Act. It cannot examine any other information that the public authority may hold.

In conclusion, the State Information Commissioner plays a critical role in ensuring transparency and accountability in the functioning of public authorities. By exercising the powers and functions conferred upon it by the RTI Act, the commission can ensure that citizens can access the information they need to hold public authorities accountable.

Explanation:

An Information Commissioner can be removed from office by the President on the advice/recommendation of the Supreme Court.

Role of the Information Commissioner:
The role of an Information Commissioner is to ensure transparency and accountability in the functioning of public authorities. They are responsible for the implementation of the Right to Information (RTI) Act, which allows citizens to access information held by public authorities.

Appointment of the Information Commissioner:
The Information Commissioner is appointed by the President on the recommendation of a committee consisting of the Prime Minister, the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister.

Grounds for Removal:
A person holding the office of an Information Commissioner can be removed from office only if:

1. He/she is adjudged an insolvent.
2. He/she has been convicted of an offense which, in the opinion of the President, involves moral turpitude.
3. He/she engages during his/her term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his/her office.
4. He/she is unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.

Removal Process:
The process for the removal of an Information Commissioner is as follows:

1. An inquiry into the grounds of removal is initiated by the President. The President may either himself/herself inquire or refer the matter to the Supreme Court.

2. The Supreme Court, on receipt of the reference, conducts an inquiry into the grounds of removal. The Supreme Court must give the Information Commissioner an opportunity to be heard in person or by a legal practitioner.

3. Based on the inquiry, the Supreme Court submits its report to the President stating whether the Information Commissioner should be removed from office or not.

4. The President, after considering the report of the Supreme Court, may remove the Information Commissioner from office.

Therefore, it is the Supreme Court that recommends the removal of an Information Commissioner to the President. The President then acts on this recommendation and can remove the Information Commissioner from office. Hence, the correct answer is option 'A' - Supreme Court.

The correct answer is option 'D', i.e., the Central Government. Let's understand why the Central Information Commission (CIC) submits its annual report to the Central Government.

Explanation:
The Central Information Commission (CIC) is an independent body established under the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005. Its primary objective is to promote transparency and accountability in the functioning of the government.

Annual Report:
The CIC prepares an annual report that provides an overview of its activities, achievements, challenges, and recommendations. This report is an important document that assesses the progress made in implementing the RTI Act and highlights any issues or areas for improvement.

Submission of the Annual Report:
The annual report of the CIC is submitted to the Central Government. Here's why:

1. Accountability: The CIC is accountable to the Central Government as it is a statutory body established by the government. Submitting the annual report to the Central Government ensures transparency and accountability in the functioning of the Commission.

2. Government Oversight: The Central Government has the authority to oversee the activities of the CIC. By submitting the annual report, the Commission provides the government with insights into its functioning, challenges faced, and recommendations for improvement.

3. Policy Formulation: The annual report of the CIC contains valuable information about the implementation of the RTI Act. The Central Government can use this report to assess the effectiveness of the Act, identify areas for policy intervention, and make necessary amendments if required.

4. Budgetary Allocation: The annual report also includes details of the financial resources utilized by the CIC. By submitting the report to the Central Government, the Commission provides information regarding its budgetary requirements, which helps the government in allocating funds for its functioning.

5. Transparency and Public Awareness: The submission of the annual report to the Central Government ensures transparency in the functioning of the CIC. It allows the government to communicate the Commission's activities and achievements to the public, thereby increasing awareness about the implementation of the RTI Act.

In conclusion, the Central Information Commission submits its annual report to the Central Government to ensure transparency, accountability, government oversight, policy formulation, budgetary allocation, and public awareness.

- Regional councils of Niti Aayog are indeed formed to address specific issues and contingencies impacting more than one state or a region. These councils serve as platforms for cooperation, coordination, and resolution of inter-state disputes.

- Regional councils of Niti Aayog are not formed for a specified tenure. They are permanent bodies that continue to function to address ongoing issues and promote regional development.
Therefore, the correct statements about regional councils of Niti Aayog are:
- 1. These are formed to address specific issues and contingencies impacting more than one state or a region.
- 2. These are not formed for a specified tenure.
Hence, the correct answer is option 'A' (1 and 2 Only).

Committee on Prevention of Corruption:

The Government of India appointed a Committee on Prevention of Corruption in 1962. The aim of the committee was to suggest measures to prevent corruption in the country. The committee was chaired by K. Santhanam, a former Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court.

Members of the Committee:

Apart from K. Santhanam, the committee had the following members:

1. Ananthaswamy Ayyangar - A former Speaker of the Lok Sabha
2. P.V. Subbaiah - A former Chief Justice of the Mysore High Court
3. K. Hanumanthayya - A former Chief Minister of Karnataka

Recommendations of the Committee:

The Committee on Prevention of Corruption submitted its report in 1964. The report contained several recommendations to prevent corruption in the country. Some of the important recommendations are:

1. Setting up of a Central Vigilance Commission to investigate cases of corruption.
2. The need for legislation to regulate the conduct of public servants.
3. The establishment of special courts to try corruption cases.
4. The need for transparency in the functioning of government departments.
5. The importance of educating the public about the harmful effects of corruption.

Impact of the Committee:

The recommendations of the Committee on Prevention of Corruption had a significant impact on the fight against corruption in India. The Central Vigilance Commission was set up in 1964, and several anti-corruption laws were passed in subsequent years. The recommendations of the committee also led to greater transparency in government functioning and increased public awareness about the harmful effects of corruption.

Conclusion:

The Committee on Prevention of Corruption, chaired by K. Santhanam, played a crucial role in the fight against corruption in India. Its recommendations led to the establishment of the Central Vigilance Commission and the passing of several anti-corruption laws. The committee's emphasis on transparency and public education also helped to create greater awareness about the harmful effects of corruption.

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the premier investigating agency in India, responsible for handling a wide range of complex and high-profile cases. It operates under the administrative control of the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), which is part of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.

The CBI was established in 1941 as the Special Police Establishment with the primary objective of investigating corruption cases. Over the years, its jurisdiction has expanded to cover other areas such as economic offenses, cyber crimes, terrorism, and organized crime.

The administrative control of the CBI is crucial as it determines the agency's functioning, budget, and overall management. The DoPT, which is responsible for the appointment and management of civil servants in India, plays a key role in overseeing the operations of the CBI.

Under the DoPT, the CBI is headed by a Director who is appointed by the Central Government. The Director is responsible for the overall functioning and management of the agency. The Director is assisted by a team of officers who are appointed from various services, including the Indian Police Service (IPS) and other central services.

The DoPT provides the necessary support to the CBI in terms of infrastructure, manpower, and training. It also formulates policies and guidelines for the agency and ensures their effective implementation. The DoPT also plays a role in the selection and appointment of officers to key positions within the CBI.

The CBI also works closely with other central agencies such as the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), which is responsible for preventing corruption in the government. While the CVC provides guidance and advice to the CBI, it does not have direct administrative control over the agency.

In conclusion, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) operates under the administrative control of the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), which is part of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. The DoPT plays a crucial role in overseeing the operations of the CBI and providing the necessary support for its functioning.

The number of State Information Commissioners varies from state to state in India. Here is a breakdown of the number of commissioners in some of the major states:

- Uttar Pradesh: 10
- Maharashtra: 7
- Tamil Nadu: 4
- Karnataka: 4
- Delhi: 2
- Gujarat: 3

As we can see, the number of commissioners varies widely. The Right to Information Act, 2005 mandates that each state should have a State Information Commission to oversee the implementation of the act. However, the exact number of commissioners is not specified in the act. This means that each state has the flexibility to decide how many commissioners it needs based on factors like the volume of RTI applications and the workload of the commission.

Some states have more commissioners to handle a large number of RTI applications, while others have fewer commissioners due to a lower volume of applications. It is also worth noting that the number of commissioners can change over time as the workload of the commission changes.

In conclusion, the number of State Information Commissioners varies from state to state in India and is determined based on factors like the volume of RTI applications and the workload of the commission.

The correct answer is option 'D' - 1, 2, 3, and 4. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is a premier investigative agency in India, and it is responsible for investigating a wide range of cases. Let's discuss each option in detail:

1. National and transnational organized crime:
The CBI has the authority to investigate cases related to national and transnational organized crime. This includes cases related to terrorism, drug trafficking, human trafficking, arms smuggling, money laundering, and other organized criminal activities that have a national or international impact.

2. Protection of the environment:
The CBI is also empowered to investigate cases related to the protection of the environment. This includes cases of environmental pollution, illegal mining, deforestation, wildlife trafficking, and other offenses that harm the environment. The CBI works in coordination with other environmental agencies to ensure the enforcement of environmental laws.

3. Conservation and protection of arts, antiques, and heritage of India:
The CBI is entrusted with the responsibility of conserving and protecting the arts, antiques, and heritage of India. It investigates cases of theft, smuggling, and illegal trade of cultural artifacts, archaeological treasures, and other items of historical and cultural significance. The CBI works closely with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and other relevant authorities to safeguard India's rich cultural heritage.

4. Offenses of Economic and Cyber domains:
The CBI has jurisdiction over offenses related to the economic and cyber domains. It investigates cases of corruption, fraud, embezzlement, bribery, economic offenses, and cybercrimes. This includes cases of financial scams, bank frauds, corporate frauds, cyber hacking, online frauds, and other offenses that impact the economic and digital security of the country.

In conclusion, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is authorized to handle cases related to national and transnational organized crime, protection of the environment, conservation and protection of arts, antiques, and heritage of India, as well as offenses of the economic and cyber domains. These powers and responsibilities enable the CBI to play a crucial role in maintaining law and order and ensuring justice in various domains.

Removal of a State Information Commissioner

The State Information Commissioner is a crucial position responsible for ensuring transparency and accountability in the functioning of public authorities under the Right to Information Act, 2005. However, in certain cases, the removal of a State Information Commissioner may become necessary due to various reasons. The correct answer to the question is option 'C', which states that a State Information Commissioner can be removed by the order of the Governor after the Supreme Court, on a reference made to it by the Governor, has on inquiry reported that the State Information Commissioner ought to be removed. Let's understand this process in detail:

1. Reference by the Governor
The process of removal of a State Information Commissioner starts with a reference made by the Governor to the Supreme Court. The Governor initiates this reference if they have received complaints or allegations against the State Information Commissioner, questioning their conduct or integrity.

2. Inquiry by the Supreme Court
After receiving the reference, the Supreme Court conducts an inquiry into the allegations made against the State Information Commissioner. The purpose of this inquiry is to determine whether the State Information Commissioner ought to be removed from office.

3. Report by the Supreme Court
Based on the findings of the inquiry, the Supreme Court prepares a report. This report includes the Supreme Court's conclusions and recommendations regarding the removal of the State Information Commissioner. If the Supreme Court concludes that the State Information Commissioner should be removed, it includes this recommendation in the report.

4. Order of the Governor
The report prepared by the Supreme Court is then sent to the Governor. The Governor, after considering the report, issues an order for the removal of the State Information Commissioner from office. The Governor has the authority to remove the State Information Commissioner based on the recommendations of the Supreme Court.

5. Significance of Supreme Court's Inquiry
It is important to note that the Supreme Court's inquiry plays a crucial role in the removal process. The Governor relies on the findings and recommendations of the Supreme Court to make an informed decision regarding the removal of the State Information Commissioner. This ensures an independent and impartial assessment of the allegations against the State Information Commissioner.

In conclusion, a State Information Commissioner can be removed from office by the order of the Governor after the Supreme Court, on a reference made to it by the Governor, has on inquiry reported that the State Information Commissioner ought to be removed. This process ensures that the removal decision is based on a fair and objective assessment of the allegations against the State Information Commissioner.

Union List in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution

The CBI (Central Bureau of Investigation) is included in the Union List given in the seventh schedule of the Constitution of India.

Explanation

- The Union List contains subjects on which only the central government has the power to make laws. These subjects are listed in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
- The CBI, being a central investigating agency, falls under the jurisdiction of the central government.
- The agency was established by the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, which is a central legislation.
- The CBI investigates a wide range of cases such as corruption, economic offences, special crimes, and cases of national importance.
- The agency operates under the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions of the Government of India.

Therefore, the inclusion of the CBI in the Union List signifies that it is a central agency under the control of the central government and is empowered to investigate cases across states in India.

The institution of Lok Pal was established to protect and promote integrity in administration. Let us understand this statement in detail.

What is Lok Pal?
Lok Pal is an anti-corruption ombudsman that was first proposed in the 1960s by the Administrative Reforms Commission. It took almost five decades for the Lok Pal and Lokayuktas Act to be passed by the Parliament in 2013. The Lok Pal is a statutory body that investigates corruption charges against public officials, including the Prime Minister, Ministers, Members of Parliament, and bureaucrats.

Why was Lok Pal established?
The Lok Pal was established to counter the rampant corruption that plagues the Indian bureaucracy and public administration. Corruption in public life is a significant challenge for any democracy, as it undermines the trust of citizens in the government and prevents the effective functioning of public institutions.

What is the purpose of Lok Pal?
The specific purpose of the institution of Lok Pal is to protect and promote integrity in administration. The Lok Pal acts as an independent body that investigates corruption charges against public officials. It has the power to initiate investigations, search and seizure, and prosecution in corruption cases.

How does Lok Pal promote integrity in administration?
The Lok Pal promotes integrity in administration by investigating and prosecuting corrupt officials. The mere existence of the Lok Pal acts as a deterrent to corrupt officials, as they know that they can be held accountable for their actions. The Lok Pal also helps in building public trust in the government, as citizens know that there is an independent institution that is working to ensure the integrity of public officials.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the institution of Lok Pal is a crucial tool in the fight against corruption in India. Its specific purpose is to protect and promote integrity in administration, and it has the power to investigate and prosecute corrupt officials. By doing so, the Lok Pal helps in building public trust in the government and ensures that public officials are held accountable for their actions.

The State Information Commission submits its annual report to the State Government.

The State Information Commission is a statutory body established under the Right to Information Act, 2005. It is responsible for promoting transparency and accountability in the functioning of the state government and its departments. The commission acts as an appellate authority for grievances related to the right to information and has the power to impose penalties on public officials for non-compliance with the Act.

Role of the State Information Commission
The State Information Commission plays a crucial role in ensuring the effective implementation of the Right to Information Act. Some of its key responsibilities include:

1. Adjudication of Appeals: The commission acts as an appellate authority for individuals who are not satisfied with the response received from a public information officer (PIO) or the first appellate authority (FAA). It hears appeals and provides necessary orders to ensure that the requested information is provided to the applicant.

2. Resolution of Complaints: The commission also handles complaints related to non-compliance with the provisions of the RTI Act. It investigates the complaints, conducts necessary inquiries, and takes appropriate actions against public officials found guilty of not fulfilling their obligations under the Act.

3. Promoting Transparency and Accountability: The commission works towards promoting transparency in the functioning of government departments by conducting awareness programs, workshops, and seminars. It also advises public authorities on matters related to the implementation of the RTI Act.

Submission of Annual Report
As part of its mandate, the State Information Commission is required to submit an annual report to the State Government. This report encapsulates the activities, achievements, and challenges faced by the commission during the previous year. It provides an overview of the number of appeals received, disposed of, and pending, along with details of penalties imposed on defaulting officials.

The annual report serves as a means of accountability for the State Information Commission. It allows the State Government to assess the functioning and effectiveness of the commission in fulfilling its responsibilities. The report provides valuable insights into the implementation of the RTI Act, highlighting areas that require improvement and suggesting measures for enhancing transparency and accountability in the state government's functioning.

By submitting the annual report to the State Government, the State Information Commission ensures that it remains transparent and accountable in its own functioning. It also facilitates a collaborative approach between the commission and the government in working towards the common goal of strengthening the right to information and promoting good governance in the state.

Explanation:

Incorrect statements:
- The statement that NHRC can prosecute persons found guilty for grave violation of human rights is incorrect. NHRC does not have the power to prosecute individuals, it can only recommend action to the concerned authorities.
- The statement that NHRC has all the powers of a regular court in India and its proceedings have a judicial character is also incorrect. NHRC is a recommendatory body and does not have the powers of a regular court.
Therefore, both statements are incorrect and the correct option is (d) Both A and R are incorrect.

Central Information Commission
The Central Information Commission (CIC) is a crucial body established under the Right to Information Act of 2005 at the central level. It is responsible for promoting transparency and accountability in the functioning of public authorities.

State Information Commission
Similarly, the State Information Commission (SIC) is established at the state level under the RTI Act. It plays a vital role in ensuring the proper implementation of the Act within the respective states.

Joint State Information Commission
There is no provision for the creation of a Joint State Information Commission under the Right to Information Act of 2005. Therefore, option B - 1 and 2, is the correct answer as the Act only provides for the establishment of the Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions.

In conclusion, the CIC and SIC are crucial bodies established under the RTI Act to ensure transparency, accountability, and the proper implementation of the Act at both central and state levels. The establishment of a Joint State Information Commission is not provided for in the Act.

Explanation:
The Government of India has established several institutions to check misconduct, malpractices, corruption, and misdemeanour on the part of public servants. These institutions play a crucial role in promoting transparency, accountability, and integrity in the functioning of the government. The institutions that have been set up for this purpose include:

1. Central Vigilance Commission (CVC):
The Central Vigilance Commission is the apex vigilance institution in India. It was established in 1964 to address corruption, misconduct, and malpractices in the government. The CVC is responsible for overseeing the vigilance administration in various government organizations and advising them on vigilance matters. It also conducts inquiries and investigations into allegations of corruption and recommends disciplinary action against public servants.

2. Lokpal:
The Lokpal is an anti-corruption ombudsman institution established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. It has been set up to inquire into allegations of corruption against public servants, including the Prime Minister, Ministers, Members of Parliament, and officials of the central government. The Lokpal has the power to initiate investigations, conduct inquiries, and recommend punitive action against corrupt public servants.

3. Special Police Establishment (SPE):
The Special Police Establishment is the investigative arm of the Central Vigilance Commission. It was set up in 1941 to investigate corruption cases involving public servants. The SPE has the authority to conduct inquiries, collect evidence, and file chargesheets against corrupt officials. It works closely with the CVC to ensure the effective enforcement of anti-corruption laws.

4. Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI):
The Central Bureau of Investigation is the premier investigative agency in India. It was established in 1941 as the Special Police Establishment and was later renamed as the Central Bureau of Investigation. The CBI is responsible for investigating a wide range of crimes, including corruption cases involving public servants. It has the authority to register and investigate cases, collect evidence, and file chargesheets. The CBI functions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - 1, 3, and 4.

Removal of Chief State Information Commissioner:

Authority:
The Chief State Information Commissioner can be removed by the State Governor after an inquiry by the Supreme Court upholds the cause of removal.

Process:
- If there are allegations against the Chief State Information Commissioner, an inquiry is conducted by the Supreme Court.
- If the Supreme Court finds merit in the allegations and upholds the cause of removal, the State Governor can then proceed with the removal of the Chief State Information Commissioner.

Significance of Supreme Court's Inquiry:
- The involvement of the Supreme Court in the inquiry process adds a layer of credibility and impartiality to the proceedings.
- It ensures that the decision to remove the Chief State Information Commissioner is based on thorough examination and due process.

Role of State Governor:
- The State Governor acts on the findings of the Supreme Court's inquiry and initiates the process of removal.
- The Governor plays a crucial role in upholding transparency and accountability in the functioning of the office of the Chief State Information Commissioner.

Conclusion:
The removal of the Chief State Information Commissioner by the State Governor after an inquiry by the Supreme Court upholds the cause of removal is a mechanism designed to maintain the integrity and effectiveness of the position. It ensures that any allegations against the Commissioner are thoroughly investigated and addressed in a fair and transparent manner.

Those of the Chief Election Commissioner of India. They are entitled to a salary equal to the salary of a judge of the Supreme Court of India. They are also entitled to other allowances and benefits, such as a government-provided residence, a car, medical facilities, and travel allowances. The retirement age for the State Chief Information Commissioners is 65 years.