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All questions of Humans & Environment for JAMB Exam
The disease causing microorganisms are called?- a)Microbes
- b)Fungi
- c)Allotropes
- d)Pathogen
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The disease causing microorganisms are called?
a)
Microbes
b)
Fungi
c)
Allotropes
d)
Pathogen
|
Anjali Iyer answered |
Most microbes belong to four major groups: bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi. (To find out more, see the “Bacteria/Viruses/Protozoa” fact sheets). Disease-causing microbes can also be called pathogens, germs or bugs and are responsible for causing infectious diseases.
The drug used to increase cardiovascular effects in human beings is:- a)Cocaine
- b)Barbiturate
- c)Insulin
- d)Benzodiazepine
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The drug used to increase cardiovascular effects in human beings is:
a)
Cocaine
b)
Barbiturate
c)
Insulin
d)
Benzodiazepine
|
Dilip Chaurasiya answered |
Cocaine is a stimulant which temporeory stimulate cardio vascular activity.
Where memory cells are formed?- a)Monocytes
- b)Neutrophils
- c)Eosinophil
- d)Lymphocytes
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Where memory cells are formed?
a)
Monocytes
b)
Neutrophils
c)
Eosinophil
d)
Lymphocytes
|
Rohan Singh answered |
B lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that make antibodies to invading pathogens like viruses. They form memory cells that remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production in future infections.
Marijuana, hashish, charas and ganga are group of drugs collectively called?- a)Cannabinoids
- b)Opioids
- c)Coke
- d)Crack
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Marijuana, hashish, charas and ganga are group of drugs collectively called?
a)
Cannabinoids
b)
Opioids
c)
Coke
d)
Crack
|
Om Desai answered |
Marijuana, hashish, charas, and ganja contain chemicals called cannabinoids. They are generally, taken as inhalation or oral ingestion to effects cardiovascular system of the body.
Which one of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its category?- a)Heroin – psychotropic
- b)Benzodiazepines – pain killer
- c)Lysergic acid dimethyl amide – narcotic
- d)Amphetamines – stimulant
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its category?
a)
Heroin – psychotropic
b)
Benzodiazepines – pain killer
c)
Lysergic acid dimethyl amide – narcotic
d)
Amphetamines – stimulant
|
Shivani Rane answered |
Amphetamines is kind of drug which is used as stimulant. It is a strong CNS stimulant that is used in the treatment of ADHD. Lysergic acid dimethyl amide is not a narcotic and heroin is not a psychotropic agent.
The primary and secondary immune response are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes present in our blood called?- a)B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes
- b)Lymphocytes and monocytes
- c)T-lymphocytes and A-lymphocytes
- d)B-lymphocytes and M-lymphocytes
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The primary and secondary immune response are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes present in our blood called?
a)
B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes
b)
Lymphocytes and monocytes
c)
T-lymphocytes and A-lymphocytes
d)
B-lymphocytes and M-lymphocytes
|
|
Anaswara Rajput answered |
The primary immune response can be described as the first response of our body system to a newly introduced foreign agent, while the secondary immune response is defined as an intensified immune response to this previously exposed antigen. The primary and secondary immune response is carried out by following two types of lymphocytes;
1)B-Lymphocytes: responsible for the production of antibodies in our blood. the type of antibodies is IgA. IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.
2)T-Lymphocytes: These are mediators cell-mediated immunity.
So, the correct answer is 'Option A
1)B-Lymphocytes: responsible for the production of antibodies in our blood. the type of antibodies is IgA. IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.
2)T-Lymphocytes: These are mediators cell-mediated immunity.
So, the correct answer is 'Option A
Cannabis plant is used in the production of:- a)Charas
- b)Ganja
- c)Marijuana
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Cannabis plant is used in the production of:
a)
Charas
b)
Ganja
c)
Marijuana
d)
All of these
|
|
Hitakshi 💞💞 answered |
¶¶ Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa..... The flower tops, leaves and the resin of Cannabis plants are used in various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja....... *Charas is a type of cannabis, obtained from resin of cannabis plants..... *Marijuana is an edible preparation of cannabis which is used in food and drink, it is mixed with milk. It is obtained from fresh and dried leaves and the flowering shoots of male and female plants......
*Ganja is a name given for hemp which is also a preparation from cannabis sativa. It is obtained from unfertilized female inflorescence.... Thus, the correct answer is option 'D'.
Cancer cells are more damaged by radiations while others are not because cancer cells are
a) Undergoing rapid divisions
b) Different in nature
c) Starved
d) None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
|
Tapsee Choudhary answered |
Always undifferentiated , quickly dividing and metabolically more active cells be sensitive for radiations... and cancer cells undergo rapid division and and more active metabolically.....
so they can damaged easily by radiations....
so they can damaged easily by radiations....
AIDS day is________.- a)May 1
- b)December 1
- c)June 1
- d)December 20
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
AIDS day is________.
a)
May 1
b)
December 1
c)
June 1
d)
December 20
|
|
Dorri answered |
Since 1988, 1st December is celebrated as International AIDS day to raise awareness about it's spread.
HIV originated from CHIMPANZEES to Humans cross, in Democratic Republic of CONGO (known currently). Chimps who carried SIV(closely related to HIV) were being hunted & then eaten by people living there in 1920s.
Anti-venom is used for the treatment of snake bite. The treatment of snake bite by anti-venom is an example of- a)Artificially acquired active immunity
- b)Specific natural immunity
- c)Naturally acquired passive immunity
- d)Artificially acquired passive immunity
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Anti-venom is used for the treatment of snake bite. The treatment of snake bite by anti-venom is an example of
a)
Artificially acquired active immunity
b)
Specific natural immunity
c)
Naturally acquired passive immunity
d)
Artificially acquired passive immunity
|
Vivek Patel answered |
The treatment of snake bite by anit-venom is an example of artificial acquired passive immunity. Anti-venom neutralize the effect of venom in the body.
AIDS is caused by Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) which is a member of group of virus called?- a)Mono virus
- b)Retro virus
- c)Miso virus
- d)Micro virus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
AIDS is caused by Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) which is a member of group of virus called?
a)
Mono virus
b)
Retro virus
c)
Miso virus
d)
Micro virus
|
Ishani Patel answered |
AIDS is caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus of a member of the group of virus called retrovirus. It is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
Motile zygote of Plasmodium occurs in__________.- a)Human RBCs
- b)Human liver
- c)Salivary glands of Anopheles
- d)Gut of female Anopheles
Correct answer is 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Motile zygote of Plasmodium occurs in__________.
a)
Human RBCs
b)
Human liver
c)
Salivary glands of Anopheles
d)
Gut of female Anopheles
|
|
Rohit Shah answered |
Gut of female Anopheles
When female Anopheles, sucks the blood of an infected person, the gametocytes of plasmodium are picked up by the mosquito. Now sexual reproduction of Plasmodium occurs inside mosquito. The outer envelope of gametocyte is dissolved and its contents are liberated into the cavity of gut. These content undergo gametogony, i.e., formation of microgametes and macroagamete. The nuclei of both fuse and a synkaryon or zygote is formed. This zygote is motionless and spherical for sometime and vermiform very soon. Now, it is called vermicule or ookinete. Ookinete pierces the stomach wall and forms a cyst(oocyst) on its outer surface which has about 1000 sporozoites. The latter pass into salivary glands of the mosquito.
Which property is not exhibited by a disease-causing pathogen?- a)Invasiveness
- b)Toxigenicity
- c)Virulence
- d)Co-operation
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which property is not exhibited by a disease-causing pathogen?
a)
Invasiveness
b)
Toxigenicity
c)
Virulence
d)
Co-operation
|
Dev Patel answered |
A. Invasiveness of a pathogen is its ability to gain entry into a host and grow.
B. Toxigenicity is the power of a pathogen to form toxins capable of damaging host cells.
C. Virulence is the ability of a pathogen to produce disease.
D. Co-operation is a property not exhibited by a pathogen.
Hence, the correct answer is option D: Co-operation
Development of vaccine is difficult for AIDS because HIV gene- a)Integrates into large number of host genes
- b)Undergoes mutation at rapid
- c)Undergoes reverse transcriptase
- d)Integrates its genome into that of helper T cells
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Development of vaccine is difficult for AIDS because HIV gene
a)
Integrates into large number of host genes
b)
Undergoes mutation at rapid
c)
Undergoes reverse transcriptase
d)
Integrates its genome into that of helper T cells
|
|
Kekan Dp answered |
It damage our immunity system from which any bacteria or virus can affect on us it's difficult to choose one tablet
Opiate narcotic drugs are:- a)Antihistamine
- b)Hypnotic
- c)Antianxiety
- d)Analgesic
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Opiate narcotic drugs are:
a)
Antihistamine
b)
Hypnotic
c)
Antianxiety
d)
Analgesic
|
|
Pranav Roy answered |
Opiate narcotic drugs are a type of analgesic drug. These drugs are derived from the opium poppy and are known for their ability to relieve pain by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.
Explanation:
• Opiate narcotic drugs are a type of medication that is used to treat pain. They are derived from the opium poppy and include drugs such as morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone.
• These drugs work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for pain perception. When they bind to these receptors, they block the transmission of pain signals, which can provide significant pain relief.
• Opiate narcotics are often used to treat acute pain, such as pain following surgery or injury. They may also be used for chronic pain conditions, such as cancer pain or chronic back pain.
• However, opiate narcotics can also be highly addictive and can cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression. They can also be dangerous when taken in high doses or when combined with other drugs or alcohol.
• Because of their potential for addiction and abuse, opiate narcotics are tightly controlled by law enforcement and healthcare professionals. They are typically only prescribed for short-term use and under close medical supervision.
• In recent years, there has been growing concern about the overuse and abuse of opiate narcotics, particularly in the United States. This has led to increased efforts to educate healthcare professionals and patients about the risks of these drugs and to promote alternative pain management strategies.
Explanation:
• Opiate narcotic drugs are a type of medication that is used to treat pain. They are derived from the opium poppy and include drugs such as morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone.
• These drugs work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for pain perception. When they bind to these receptors, they block the transmission of pain signals, which can provide significant pain relief.
• Opiate narcotics are often used to treat acute pain, such as pain following surgery or injury. They may also be used for chronic pain conditions, such as cancer pain or chronic back pain.
• However, opiate narcotics can also be highly addictive and can cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression. They can also be dangerous when taken in high doses or when combined with other drugs or alcohol.
• Because of their potential for addiction and abuse, opiate narcotics are tightly controlled by law enforcement and healthcare professionals. They are typically only prescribed for short-term use and under close medical supervision.
• In recent years, there has been growing concern about the overuse and abuse of opiate narcotics, particularly in the United States. This has led to increased efforts to educate healthcare professionals and patients about the risks of these drugs and to promote alternative pain management strategies.
Who discovered the technique of preparing vaccine from attenuated pathogen and in which year?- a)Edward Jenner, 1796
- b)Louis Pasteur, 1879
- c)Robert Downey, 1856
- d)Von Behring, 1950
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Who discovered the technique of preparing vaccine from attenuated pathogen and in which year?
a)
Edward Jenner, 1796
b)
Louis Pasteur, 1879
c)
Robert Downey, 1856
d)
Von Behring, 1950
|
|
Raghav Bansal answered |
Louis Pasteur discovered the technique of preparing vaccine from an attenuated pathogen in 1879. This was the first true vaccine consisting of weakened micro-organisms against the disease chicken cholera.
Which one of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its category?
- a)Barbiturates - Tranquilliser
- b)Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) - Psychedelic (hallucinogen)
- c) Amphetamines - CNS stimulants
- d)Heroin - Depressant, slows down body functions
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its category?
a)
Barbiturates - Tranquilliser
b)
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) - Psychedelic (hallucinogen)
c)
Amphetamines - CNS stimulants
d)
Heroin - Depressant, slows down body functions
|
|
Ajay Yadav answered |
Heroin, commonly called smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation of morphine, which is extracted from the latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum. Generally taken by snorting and injection, heroin is a depressant and slows down body functions.
The drug which binds to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract is:- a)Smack
- b)Opioids
- c)Cannabinoids
- d)Heroine
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The drug which binds to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract is:
a)
Smack
b)
Opioids
c)
Cannabinoids
d)
Heroine
|
Maitri Tiwari answered |
Opioids are drugs that act on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract by binding to specific opioid receptors. These receptors are present in various parts of the body, including the brain, spinal cord, and digestive tract.
Mechanism of Action:
When opioids bind to the receptors, they activate a series of chemical reactions that lead to pain relief, sedation, and a sense of euphoria. Opioids work by mimicking the body's natural pain-relieving chemicals, such as endorphins.
Types of Opioids:
There are several types of opioids, including natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic opioids. Examples of natural opioids include morphine and codeine, while semi-synthetic opioids include oxycodone and hydrocodone. Synthetic opioids include fentanyl and tramadol.
Medical Uses:
Opioids are commonly used in medical settings to treat pain, such as after surgery or for chronic pain conditions. They may also be used to treat coughing and diarrhea.
Risks and Side Effects:
However, opioids can be highly addictive and can lead to dependence, tolerance, and overdose. They can also cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, constipation, nausea, and respiratory depression.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, opioids are a class of drugs that bind to specific opioid receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. They are commonly used to treat pain, but can also be highly addictive and have a range of side effects. It is important to use opioids only as prescribed and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Mechanism of Action:
When opioids bind to the receptors, they activate a series of chemical reactions that lead to pain relief, sedation, and a sense of euphoria. Opioids work by mimicking the body's natural pain-relieving chemicals, such as endorphins.
Types of Opioids:
There are several types of opioids, including natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic opioids. Examples of natural opioids include morphine and codeine, while semi-synthetic opioids include oxycodone and hydrocodone. Synthetic opioids include fentanyl and tramadol.
Medical Uses:
Opioids are commonly used in medical settings to treat pain, such as after surgery or for chronic pain conditions. They may also be used to treat coughing and diarrhea.
Risks and Side Effects:
However, opioids can be highly addictive and can lead to dependence, tolerance, and overdose. They can also cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, constipation, nausea, and respiratory depression.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, opioids are a class of drugs that bind to specific opioid receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. They are commonly used to treat pain, but can also be highly addictive and have a range of side effects. It is important to use opioids only as prescribed and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Marijuana and charas are- a)Sedative
- b)Hallucinogens
- c)Depressant
- d)Stimulant
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Marijuana and charas are
a)
Sedative
b)
Hallucinogens
c)
Depressant
d)
Stimulant
|
|
Rahul Kapoor answered |
Hallucinogens are psychedelic drugs, because of their effect on the cerebrum and sense. marijuna and charas are Hallucinogens.
(i)These are obtained from the plants like Atropa belladonaand Datura
(ii)Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is derived from the fungus Claviceps purpurea.
(iii)Effect of these drugs occur on thoughts, feelings and perceptions of an individual. Medically these are prescribed to cope with depression and insomnia.
Which one of the following is a stimulant?- a)LSD
- b)Opium
- c)Heroin
- d)Cocaine
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is a stimulant?
a)
LSD
b)
Opium
c)
Heroin
d)
Cocaine
|
|
Prem Darade answered |
LSD is hallucinogenic. Opium is highly addictive narcotic drug. Heroin is derived from the morphine alkaloid found in opium and is depressant drug. Cannabis is considered depressant.
Cocaine belongs to the family of stimulants, which stimulate the nervous system.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Cocaine'.
Cocaine belongs to the family of stimulants, which stimulate the nervous system.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Cocaine'.
Heroin is commonly called smack is chemically:- a)Diacetylchloride
- b)Diacetylmorphine
- c)Dichlordiethyl acetone
- d)Cocaine
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Heroin is commonly called smack is chemically:
a)
Diacetylchloride
b)
Diacetylmorphine
c)
Dichlordiethyl acetone
d)
Cocaine
|
Swara Desai answered |
Heroine or smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound.
AIDS can be transmitted by- a)Blood transfusion
- b)Handshake
- c)Courtship
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
AIDS can be transmitted by
a)
Blood transfusion
b)
Handshake
c)
Courtship
d)
All of the above
|
Sarthak Saini answered |
AIDS can be transmitted from infected person to healthy person through blood transfusion. The most common way of transmission of AIDS is during sexual intercourse with multiple partners without protection.
Which of the following is a pair of viral diseases?- a)Ringworm, AIDS
- b)Dysentery, Common Cold
- c)Common Cold, AIDS
- d)Typhoid, Tuberculosis
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is a pair of viral diseases?
a)
Ringworm, AIDS
b)
Dysentery, Common Cold
c)
Common Cold, AIDS
d)
Typhoid, Tuberculosis
|
|
Muskan Sethi answered |
Ringworm - fungal infection
AIDS- HIV virus
Common cold - Rhino Virus
typhoid - Salmonella typhi ( bacteria)
tuberculosis - mycobacterium tuberculosis ( bacteria)
dysentery - it is of two types bacterial and amoebic
therefore the viral diseases are AIDS and Common cold
Which one of the following depresses brain activity and produces feeling of calmness, relaxation and drowsiness?- a)Hashish
- b)Morphine
- c)Amphetamines
- d)Valium
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following depresses brain activity and produces feeling of calmness, relaxation and drowsiness?
a)
Hashish
b)
Morphine
c)
Amphetamines
d)
Valium
|
|
Arun Khanna answered |
Valium (benzodiazepine) is a CNS depressant which is used to treat anxiety Amphetamine is a neuro stimulant. Hashsis is an illegal drug and connot be prescribed whereas morphine is a narcot is drug which is used under controlled conditions to releive moderate to severe pain.
What is the basic principle of immunisation and vaccination?- a)It is based on the number of B and T lymphocytes
- b)It is based on the property of memory of the immune system
- c)It is based on antigen-antibody interactions
- d)It is based upon the number of white blood cells
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the basic principle of immunisation and vaccination?
a)
It is based on the number of B and T lymphocytes
b)
It is based on the property of memory of the immune system
c)
It is based on antigen-antibody interactions
d)
It is based upon the number of white blood cells
|
|
Suresh Iyer answered |
The basic principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of memory of the immune system. When an immunised person is attacked by the pathogen, the existing bodies immediately attack the antigen while the memory T and B cells give rise to a massive crop of lymphocytes and antibodies.
Which one of the following pairs of diseases is viral as well as transmitted by mosquitoes?- a)Encephalitis and sleeping sickness
- b)Yellow fever and sleeping sickness
- c)Elephantiasis and dengue
- d)Yellow fever and dengue
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following pairs of diseases is viral as well as transmitted by mosquitoes?
a)
Encephalitis and sleeping sickness
b)
Yellow fever and sleeping sickness
c)
Elephantiasis and dengue
d)
Yellow fever and dengue
|
Rishabh Verma answered |
Yellow fever and dengue are the pair of diseases that are viral and transmitted by mosquitoes.
Yellow Fever:
- Yellow fever is a viral disease caused by the yellow fever virus.
- It is primarily transmitted by the bite of infected female mosquitoes, especially the Aedes aegypti species.
- The virus is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and Central and South America.
- Symptoms of yellow fever include fever, headache, muscle pain, jaundice, and bleeding.
- In severe cases, it can lead to organ failure and death.
- There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, but a vaccine is available for prevention.
Dengue:
- Dengue is a viral disease caused by the dengue virus.
- It is transmitted by the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti.
- Dengue is common in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
- Symptoms of dengue include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding.
- In severe cases, it can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening.
- There is no specific treatment for dengue, but supportive care can help manage symptoms.
Viral Diseases Transmitted by Mosquitoes:
- Mosquitoes are known to transmit several viral diseases, including yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika virus, chikungunya, and West Nile virus.
- These viruses are primarily transmitted when a mosquito bites an infected person and then bites another person, transmitting the virus through its saliva.
- Mosquito-borne viral diseases are more common in tropical and subtropical regions where mosquito populations are abundant.
- The Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti, are the main vectors for these viral diseases.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, the pair of diseases that are both viral and transmitted by mosquitoes is yellow fever and dengue. Both diseases are caused by different viruses and are primarily transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.
Yellow Fever:
- Yellow fever is a viral disease caused by the yellow fever virus.
- It is primarily transmitted by the bite of infected female mosquitoes, especially the Aedes aegypti species.
- The virus is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and Central and South America.
- Symptoms of yellow fever include fever, headache, muscle pain, jaundice, and bleeding.
- In severe cases, it can lead to organ failure and death.
- There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, but a vaccine is available for prevention.
Dengue:
- Dengue is a viral disease caused by the dengue virus.
- It is transmitted by the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti.
- Dengue is common in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
- Symptoms of dengue include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding.
- In severe cases, it can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening.
- There is no specific treatment for dengue, but supportive care can help manage symptoms.
Viral Diseases Transmitted by Mosquitoes:
- Mosquitoes are known to transmit several viral diseases, including yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika virus, chikungunya, and West Nile virus.
- These viruses are primarily transmitted when a mosquito bites an infected person and then bites another person, transmitting the virus through its saliva.
- Mosquito-borne viral diseases are more common in tropical and subtropical regions where mosquito populations are abundant.
- The Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti, are the main vectors for these viral diseases.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, the pair of diseases that are both viral and transmitted by mosquitoes is yellow fever and dengue. Both diseases are caused by different viruses and are primarily transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.
Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of- a)Alcohol
- b)Opium
- c)Cocaine
- d)Tobacco (Chewing)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of
a)
Alcohol
b)
Opium
c)
Cocaine
d)
Tobacco (Chewing)
|
Sadiya Siddique answered |
When our liver tries to break down alcohol, the resulting chemical reaction can damage its cells. This damage can lead to inflammation and scarring as the liver tries to repair itself leading to cirrhosis.thus,op A.
Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between- a)One heavy and one light chain
- b)Two heavy chains
- c)Two light chains
- d)Either between two light chains or between one heavy and one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between
a)
One heavy and one light chain
b)
Two heavy chains
c)
Two light chains
d)
Either between two light chains or between one heavy and one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen
|
Sonal Kulkarni answered |
Antibody consist one heavy and one light chain. The antigen binding site is present between one heavy and one light chain.
Which of the following pairs contains an infectious and a non-infectious disease respectively?- a)Typhoid and AIDS
- b)AIDS and cancer
- c)Pneumonia and malaria
- d)Cancer and malaria
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following pairs contains an infectious and a non-infectious disease respectively?
a)
Typhoid and AIDS
b)
AIDS and cancer
c)
Pneumonia and malaria
d)
Cancer and malaria
|
|
Janani Bose answered |
Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases are those that are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission such as direct contact, droplets, airborne, fecal-oral route, and vector-borne.
Non-infectious diseases are those that are not caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These diseases may have genetic, environmental, or lifestyle factors as their causes. Some examples of non-infectious diseases include cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
Answer Explanation
The pair that contains an infectious and a non-infectious disease respectively is option 'B', which is AIDS and cancer.
- AIDS is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and vertical transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
- Cancer, on the other hand, is a non-infectious disease that is caused by uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells in the body. It can be caused by genetic mutations, exposure to environmental factors such as tobacco smoke and ultraviolet radiation, and lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of physical activity.
Therefore, option 'B' is the correct answer as it contains one infectious disease (AIDS) and one non-infectious disease (cancer).
Infectious diseases are those that are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission such as direct contact, droplets, airborne, fecal-oral route, and vector-borne.
Non-infectious diseases are those that are not caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These diseases may have genetic, environmental, or lifestyle factors as their causes. Some examples of non-infectious diseases include cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
Answer Explanation
The pair that contains an infectious and a non-infectious disease respectively is option 'B', which is AIDS and cancer.
- AIDS is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and vertical transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
- Cancer, on the other hand, is a non-infectious disease that is caused by uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells in the body. It can be caused by genetic mutations, exposure to environmental factors such as tobacco smoke and ultraviolet radiation, and lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of physical activity.
Therefore, option 'B' is the correct answer as it contains one infectious disease (AIDS) and one non-infectious disease (cancer).
Pathogenic bacterium that cause typhoid fever in human being is- a)Salmonella typhi
- b)Streptococcus pneumonia
- c)Streptococcus typhi
- d)Salmonella feverish
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Pathogenic bacterium that cause typhoid fever in human being is
a)
Salmonella typhi
b)
Streptococcus pneumonia
c)
Streptococcus typhi
d)
Salmonella feverish
|
Vaibhav Basu answered |
Typhoid fever in human being is caused by Salmonella typhi. The pathogen enters to small intestine through food and contaminated water and migrates to other organs through blood.
Assertion: There is a time lag between the infection and appearance of first symptoms of AIDS.
Reason: This period may vary from a few months to many years up to 10 years.
- a)Reason is correct but not explains the assertion
- b)Both assertion and reason are correct.
- c)Assertion is correct but reason is incorrect
- d)Both assertion and reason are incorrect
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion: There is a time lag between the infection and appearance of first symptoms of AIDS.
Reason: This period may vary from a few months to many years up to 10 years.
a)
Reason is correct but not explains the assertion
b)
Both assertion and reason are correct.
c)
Assertion is correct but reason is incorrect
d)
Both assertion and reason are incorrect
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
The correct answer is:
2. Both assertion and reason are correct.
Explanation:
-
Assertion: There is a time lag between the infection and appearance of the first symptoms of AIDS.
- This is correct. After an individual is infected with HIV, there is a period of latency where the virus is present but may not show symptoms. This time lag can vary greatly.
-
Reason: This period may vary from a few months to many years up to 10 years.
- This is also correct. The asymptomatic period after HIV infection can range from a few months to several years, often up to 10 years or more before symptoms of AIDS manifest.
The reason accurately explains the assertion.
Which of the following pairs correctly matches a disease and a pathogen causing it?- a)Typhoid - Salmonella typhi
- b)Pneumonia - Haemophilus pneumoniae
- c)Malaria - Ascaris lumbricoides
- d)Ringworm - Entamoeba histolytica
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following pairs correctly matches a disease and a pathogen causing it?
a)
Typhoid - Salmonella typhi
b)
Pneumonia - Haemophilus pneumoniae
c)
Malaria - Ascaris lumbricoides
d)
Ringworm - Entamoeba histolytica
|
|
Tarun Verma answered |
Disease and Pathogen Pairing
Typhoid - Salmonella typhi
Explanation:
Typhoid is a bacterial infection that is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. This bacterium is commonly found in contaminated food and water, especially in areas with poor sanitation. The symptoms of typhoid include fever, headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Pneumonia - Haemophilus pneumoniae
Explanation:
Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by many different types of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. One of the common pathogens that cause pneumonia is Haemophilus pneumoniae. The symptoms of pneumonia include cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
Malaria - Ascaris lumbricoides
Explanation:
Malaria is a parasitic disease that is transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasite responsible for malaria is Plasmodium falciparum, which infects red blood cells and causes fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. Ascaris lumbricoides, on the other hand, is a type of roundworm that infects the intestines.
Ringworm - Entamoeba histolytica
Explanation:
Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin that can affect different parts of the body, such as the scalp, feet, and groin. It is caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. Entamoeba histolytica, on the other hand, is a protozoan parasite that can cause amoebiasis, a disease that affects the intestines. It is not associated with ringworm.
Therefore, the correct pairing of a disease and its pathogen is Typhoid - Salmonella typhi.
Typhoid - Salmonella typhi
Explanation:
Typhoid is a bacterial infection that is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. This bacterium is commonly found in contaminated food and water, especially in areas with poor sanitation. The symptoms of typhoid include fever, headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Pneumonia - Haemophilus pneumoniae
Explanation:
Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by many different types of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. One of the common pathogens that cause pneumonia is Haemophilus pneumoniae. The symptoms of pneumonia include cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
Malaria - Ascaris lumbricoides
Explanation:
Malaria is a parasitic disease that is transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasite responsible for malaria is Plasmodium falciparum, which infects red blood cells and causes fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. Ascaris lumbricoides, on the other hand, is a type of roundworm that infects the intestines.
Ringworm - Entamoeba histolytica
Explanation:
Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin that can affect different parts of the body, such as the scalp, feet, and groin. It is caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. Entamoeba histolytica, on the other hand, is a protozoan parasite that can cause amoebiasis, a disease that affects the intestines. It is not associated with ringworm.
Therefore, the correct pairing of a disease and its pathogen is Typhoid - Salmonella typhi.
A toxic substance, responsible for the chills and high fever recurring every three to four days in malarial fever, is- a)interferon
- b)haemozoin
- c)colostrum
- d)hirudin
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
A toxic substance, responsible for the chills and high fever recurring every three to four days in malarial fever, is
a)
interferon
b)
haemozoin
c)
colostrum
d)
hirudin
|
|
Ajay Yadav answered |
In malaria, chills and shivers are caused by the release of toxic substance haemozoin into the blood at the time of RBCs rupture. It is generally followed by fever.
Amoebic dysentery (amoebiasis) is caused by- a)Entamoeba histolytica
- b)E. coli
- c)Streptococcus pneumoniae
- d)Trichophyton
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Amoebic dysentery (amoebiasis) is caused by
a)
Entamoeba histolytica
b)
E. coli
c)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
d)
Trichophyton
|
Mansi Chakraborty answered |
Amoebic dysentery (amoebiasis) is caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
Amoebic dysentery, also known as amoebiasis, is a parasitic infection that affects the intestines. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite is commonly found in areas with poor sanitation and contaminated water. It can also be transmitted through the consumption of food or water contaminated with the cysts of the parasite.
Mode of Transmission:
The primary mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica is through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. The parasite exists in two forms: a cyst and a trophozoite. The cyst is the dormant stage of the parasite that can survive outside the body for a long time. When a person ingests the cyst, it passes through the stomach and reaches the intestines, where it transforms into the active trophozoite form. The trophozoites then multiply and invade the intestinal lining, causing inflammation and destruction.
Pathogenesis:
Once the trophozoites invade the intestinal lining, they can cause a range of symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery. The trophozoites feed on the intestinal cells, causing ulceration and tissue destruction. They can also penetrate the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream, leading to extra-intestinal manifestations such as liver abscesses.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of amoebic dysentery include:
- Diarrhea (often bloody)
- Abdominal pain and cramping
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Nausea and vomiting
Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of amoebic dysentery involves the detection of the parasite in stool samples. Microscopic examination of the stool can reveal the presence of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites or cysts. In some cases, a blood test may be performed to detect antibodies against the parasite.
Treatment and Prevention:
Amoebic dysentery can be treated with specific anti-parasitic medications that target Entamoeba histolytica. These medications can help eliminate the parasite from the intestines and alleviate the symptoms. It is also important to maintain good personal hygiene and avoid consuming food or water from unreliable sources to prevent the transmission of the infection.
In conclusion, amoebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water and can cause a range of gastrointestinal symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage the infection effectively.
Amoebic dysentery, also known as amoebiasis, is a parasitic infection that affects the intestines. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite is commonly found in areas with poor sanitation and contaminated water. It can also be transmitted through the consumption of food or water contaminated with the cysts of the parasite.
Mode of Transmission:
The primary mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica is through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. The parasite exists in two forms: a cyst and a trophozoite. The cyst is the dormant stage of the parasite that can survive outside the body for a long time. When a person ingests the cyst, it passes through the stomach and reaches the intestines, where it transforms into the active trophozoite form. The trophozoites then multiply and invade the intestinal lining, causing inflammation and destruction.
Pathogenesis:
Once the trophozoites invade the intestinal lining, they can cause a range of symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery. The trophozoites feed on the intestinal cells, causing ulceration and tissue destruction. They can also penetrate the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream, leading to extra-intestinal manifestations such as liver abscesses.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of amoebic dysentery include:
- Diarrhea (often bloody)
- Abdominal pain and cramping
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Nausea and vomiting
Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of amoebic dysentery involves the detection of the parasite in stool samples. Microscopic examination of the stool can reveal the presence of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites or cysts. In some cases, a blood test may be performed to detect antibodies against the parasite.
Treatment and Prevention:
Amoebic dysentery can be treated with specific anti-parasitic medications that target Entamoeba histolytica. These medications can help eliminate the parasite from the intestines and alleviate the symptoms. It is also important to maintain good personal hygiene and avoid consuming food or water from unreliable sources to prevent the transmission of the infection.
In conclusion, amoebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water and can cause a range of gastrointestinal symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage the infection effectively.
Charas and ganja are the drugs which affect- a)respiratory system
- b)cardiovascular system
- c)digestive system
- d)nervous system
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Charas and ganja are the drugs which affect
a)
respiratory system
b)
cardiovascular system
c)
digestive system
d)
nervous system
|
Swara Datta answered |
The correct answer is option 'B' - ganja and charas affect the cardiovascular system.
Ganja and charas, commonly known as marijuana or cannabis, are drugs derived from the Cannabis plant. These drugs have psychoactive properties and can cause various effects on the body, including those on the cardiovascular system.
Here is a detailed explanation of how ganja and charas affect the cardiovascular system:
1. Vasodilation:
- Both ganja and charas contain cannabinoids, primarily tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which can cause vasodilation.
- Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, leading to an increase in their diameter.
- When blood vessels dilate, it reduces peripheral resistance and allows for increased blood flow.
- This effect can cause a decrease in blood pressure.
2. Tachycardia:
- Another effect of ganja and charas on the cardiovascular system is an increase in heart rate, known as tachycardia.
- THC activates the sympathetic nervous system, which increases the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, leading to an increased heart rate.
- Tachycardia can put additional stress on the heart and may have adverse effects, especially in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
3. Increased risk of heart attack:
- The combination of vasodilation and tachycardia can increase the risk of a heart attack, particularly in susceptible individuals.
- When blood vessels dilate, it can lead to a decrease in coronary blood flow, which may be insufficient to meet the increased oxygen demand due to tachycardia.
- This can result in myocardial ischemia, where the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen, potentially leading to a heart attack.
4. Blood clotting:
- Ganja and charas can also affect blood clotting.
- THC has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, which is the process of platelets clumping together to form a blood clot.
- This effect may increase the risk of bleeding in individuals taking anticoagulant medications or those with bleeding disorders.
In summary, ganja and charas affect the cardiovascular system primarily through vasodilation, tachycardia, increased risk of heart attack, and alterations in blood clotting. It is important to note that these effects may vary depending on the dosage, frequency of use, and individual susceptibility.
Ganja and charas, commonly known as marijuana or cannabis, are drugs derived from the Cannabis plant. These drugs have psychoactive properties and can cause various effects on the body, including those on the cardiovascular system.
Here is a detailed explanation of how ganja and charas affect the cardiovascular system:
1. Vasodilation:
- Both ganja and charas contain cannabinoids, primarily tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which can cause vasodilation.
- Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, leading to an increase in their diameter.
- When blood vessels dilate, it reduces peripheral resistance and allows for increased blood flow.
- This effect can cause a decrease in blood pressure.
2. Tachycardia:
- Another effect of ganja and charas on the cardiovascular system is an increase in heart rate, known as tachycardia.
- THC activates the sympathetic nervous system, which increases the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, leading to an increased heart rate.
- Tachycardia can put additional stress on the heart and may have adverse effects, especially in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
3. Increased risk of heart attack:
- The combination of vasodilation and tachycardia can increase the risk of a heart attack, particularly in susceptible individuals.
- When blood vessels dilate, it can lead to a decrease in coronary blood flow, which may be insufficient to meet the increased oxygen demand due to tachycardia.
- This can result in myocardial ischemia, where the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen, potentially leading to a heart attack.
4. Blood clotting:
- Ganja and charas can also affect blood clotting.
- THC has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, which is the process of platelets clumping together to form a blood clot.
- This effect may increase the risk of bleeding in individuals taking anticoagulant medications or those with bleeding disorders.
In summary, ganja and charas affect the cardiovascular system primarily through vasodilation, tachycardia, increased risk of heart attack, and alterations in blood clotting. It is important to note that these effects may vary depending on the dosage, frequency of use, and individual susceptibility.
Which one of the following diseases cannot be cured by taking antibiotics?- a)Plague
- b)Amoebiasis
- c)Leprosy
- d)Whooping cough
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following diseases cannot be cured by taking antibiotics?
a)
Plague
b)
Amoebiasis
c)
Leprosy
d)
Whooping cough
|
Neha Menon answered |
**Explanation:**
**Introduction:**
Antibiotics are medications that are used to treat bacterial infections. They work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. However, not all diseases are caused by bacteria, and therefore, not all diseases can be cured by antibiotics.
**Explanation:**
Out of the diseases listed in the options, amoebiasis is the one that cannot be cured by taking antibiotics. Here's why:
1. **Plague:** Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It can be treated with antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, or doxycycline. With prompt treatment, most people recover from the plague.
2. **Amoebiasis:** Amoebiasis is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Antibiotics are not effective against parasites. The treatment for amoebiasis typically involves antiparasitic medications like metronidazole or tinidazole, which specifically target the parasite.
3. **Leprosy:** Leprosy is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It is treated with a combination of antibiotics such as dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Leprosy treatment usually requires long-term antibiotic therapy to completely eliminate the bacteria.
4. **Whooping cough:** Whooping cough, or pertussis, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Antibiotics such as azithromycin or erythromycin can be used to treat whooping cough, especially in the early stages of the infection.
Therefore, the correct answer is **(b) Amoebiasis**, as it is caused by a parasite and requires antiparasitic medications rather than antibiotics for treatment.
**Introduction:**
Antibiotics are medications that are used to treat bacterial infections. They work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. However, not all diseases are caused by bacteria, and therefore, not all diseases can be cured by antibiotics.
**Explanation:**
Out of the diseases listed in the options, amoebiasis is the one that cannot be cured by taking antibiotics. Here's why:
1. **Plague:** Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It can be treated with antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, or doxycycline. With prompt treatment, most people recover from the plague.
2. **Amoebiasis:** Amoebiasis is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Antibiotics are not effective against parasites. The treatment for amoebiasis typically involves antiparasitic medications like metronidazole or tinidazole, which specifically target the parasite.
3. **Leprosy:** Leprosy is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It is treated with a combination of antibiotics such as dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Leprosy treatment usually requires long-term antibiotic therapy to completely eliminate the bacteria.
4. **Whooping cough:** Whooping cough, or pertussis, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Antibiotics such as azithromycin or erythromycin can be used to treat whooping cough, especially in the early stages of the infection.
Therefore, the correct answer is **(b) Amoebiasis**, as it is caused by a parasite and requires antiparasitic medications rather than antibiotics for treatment.
Marijuana is extracted from- a)dried leaves and flowers of her
- b)ergot fungus
- c)roots of hemp plant
- d)cocoa plant
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Marijuana is extracted from
a)
dried leaves and flowers of her
b)
ergot fungus
c)
roots of hemp plant
d)
cocoa plant
|
|
Lekshmi Tiwari answered |
Marijuana Extraction
Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a psychoactive drug that is derived from the Cannabis plant. It is primarily extracted from the dried leaves and flowers of the herb. Let's explore this in more detail:
1. Cannabis Plant
- Cannabis is a flowering plant that belongs to the Cannabaceae family.
- It has three primary species: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis.
2. Marijuana Extraction Process
- Marijuana extraction involves separating the desired compounds, such as cannabinoids and terpenes, from the plant material.
- The most common method of extraction is through the use of solvents like ethanol, butane, or CO2.
- The dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant contain the highest concentration of these desired compounds.
3. Dried Leaves and Flowers
- The leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant are rich in cannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
- THC is the primary psychoactive compound responsible for the "high" experienced when consuming marijuana.
- CBD, on the other hand, is non-psychoactive and has various potential therapeutic benefits.
4. Other Plant Parts
- While the leaves and flowers are the main sources of marijuana, other parts of the cannabis plant can also contain cannabinoids, although in lower concentrations.
- For example, the stems and seeds may contain some cannabinoids, but they are less potent compared to the leaves and flowers.
Conclusion
In conclusion, marijuana is primarily extracted from the dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant. These plant parts contain the highest concentration of cannabinoids, including THC and CBD. The extraction process involves separating these desired compounds from the plant material using solvents. While other parts of the plant, such as stems and seeds, may also contain cannabinoids, they are not commonly used for marijuana extraction due to their lower potency.
Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a psychoactive drug that is derived from the Cannabis plant. It is primarily extracted from the dried leaves and flowers of the herb. Let's explore this in more detail:
1. Cannabis Plant
- Cannabis is a flowering plant that belongs to the Cannabaceae family.
- It has three primary species: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis.
2. Marijuana Extraction Process
- Marijuana extraction involves separating the desired compounds, such as cannabinoids and terpenes, from the plant material.
- The most common method of extraction is through the use of solvents like ethanol, butane, or CO2.
- The dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant contain the highest concentration of these desired compounds.
3. Dried Leaves and Flowers
- The leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant are rich in cannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
- THC is the primary psychoactive compound responsible for the "high" experienced when consuming marijuana.
- CBD, on the other hand, is non-psychoactive and has various potential therapeutic benefits.
4. Other Plant Parts
- While the leaves and flowers are the main sources of marijuana, other parts of the cannabis plant can also contain cannabinoids, although in lower concentrations.
- For example, the stems and seeds may contain some cannabinoids, but they are less potent compared to the leaves and flowers.
Conclusion
In conclusion, marijuana is primarily extracted from the dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant. These plant parts contain the highest concentration of cannabinoids, including THC and CBD. The extraction process involves separating these desired compounds from the plant material using solvents. While other parts of the plant, such as stems and seeds, may also contain cannabinoids, they are not commonly used for marijuana extraction due to their lower potency.
Which of the following statements is not correct?- a)Acquired immunity is pathogen specific.
- b)Macrophages can phagocytose and destroy microbes.
- c)Hallucinogenic chemicals obtained from leaves, resins and inflorescence of plant Cannabis sativa are called as cannabis sativa are called as cannabinoids.
- d)Opioid is a medicine used to help patients to cope with mental illnesses.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements is not correct?
a)
Acquired immunity is pathogen specific.
b)
Macrophages can phagocytose and destroy microbes.
c)
Hallucinogenic chemicals obtained from leaves, resins and inflorescence of plant Cannabis sativa are called as cannabis sativa are called as cannabinoids.
d)
Opioid is a medicine used to help patients to cope with mental illnesses.
|
|
Vivek Patel answered |
Opioids act as analgesics which relieve pain by acting on the CNS.
Which of the following factors affect human health?
(i) Infections
(ii) Silent mutations
(iii) Life style
(iv) Genetic disorders
- a)(i), (ii) and (iv)
- b)(i) and (ii)
- c)(i), (iii) and (iv)
- d)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following factors affect human health?
(i) Infections
(ii) Silent mutations
(iii) Life style
(iv) Genetic disorders
(i) Infections
(ii) Silent mutations
(iii) Life style
(iv) Genetic disorders
a)
(i), (ii) and (iv)
b)
(i) and (ii)
c)
(i), (iii) and (iv)
d)
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
|
|
Rajeev Shah answered |
The correct answer is option 'C' (i), (iii) and (iv) - infections, lifestyle, and genetic disorders all affect human health.
(i) Infections: Infections are caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These microorganisms can enter the body through various routes and cause diseases. Infections can range from mild illnesses such as the common cold to more severe diseases like pneumonia, tuberculosis, or HIV/AIDS. Infections can significantly impact human health by causing symptoms, weakening the immune system, and potentially leading to complications or even death.
(iii) Lifestyle: Lifestyle choices play a crucial role in determining an individual's health. Unhealthy lifestyle habits such as a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and drug abuse can have detrimental effects on human health. These habits can increase the risk of developing chronic diseases like obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancers. On the other hand, adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, and stress management can promote overall well-being and reduce the risk of various diseases.
(iv) Genetic disorders: Genetic disorders are caused by abnormalities or mutations in an individual's genes. These disorders can be inherited from one or both parents or can occur as a result of spontaneous genetic mutations. Genetic disorders can affect various aspects of human health, including physical and mental development, metabolism, immune system function, and susceptibility to certain diseases. Examples of genetic disorders include Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease. These disorders can have varying degrees of severity and can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and overall health.
In conclusion, infections, lifestyle choices, and genetic disorders are all factors that can affect human health. Understanding these factors and taking appropriate measures to prevent infections, adopt a healthy lifestyle, and manage genetic disorders can help promote better health outcomes.
(i) Infections: Infections are caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These microorganisms can enter the body through various routes and cause diseases. Infections can range from mild illnesses such as the common cold to more severe diseases like pneumonia, tuberculosis, or HIV/AIDS. Infections can significantly impact human health by causing symptoms, weakening the immune system, and potentially leading to complications or even death.
(iii) Lifestyle: Lifestyle choices play a crucial role in determining an individual's health. Unhealthy lifestyle habits such as a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and drug abuse can have detrimental effects on human health. These habits can increase the risk of developing chronic diseases like obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancers. On the other hand, adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, and stress management can promote overall well-being and reduce the risk of various diseases.
(iv) Genetic disorders: Genetic disorders are caused by abnormalities or mutations in an individual's genes. These disorders can be inherited from one or both parents or can occur as a result of spontaneous genetic mutations. Genetic disorders can affect various aspects of human health, including physical and mental development, metabolism, immune system function, and susceptibility to certain diseases. Examples of genetic disorders include Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease. These disorders can have varying degrees of severity and can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and overall health.
In conclusion, infections, lifestyle choices, and genetic disorders are all factors that can affect human health. Understanding these factors and taking appropriate measures to prevent infections, adopt a healthy lifestyle, and manage genetic disorders can help promote better health outcomes.
Which of the following is not a function of the Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?- a)Provide nutrition to spermatogonia
- b)Secrete testosterone
- c)Support developing germ cells
- d)Secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is not a function of the Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?
a)
Provide nutrition to spermatogonia
b)
Secrete testosterone
c)
Support developing germ cells
d)
Secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP)
|
|
Dhruv Kapoor answered |
Understanding Sertoli Cells
Sertoli cells, located in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, play essential roles in male reproductive physiology. They are often referred to as "nurse cells" because they provide support and nourishment to developing sperm cells.
Functions of Sertoli Cells
- Provide Nutrition to Spermatogonia: Sertoli cells supply nutrients and biochemical support to spermatogonia and developing spermatozoa, facilitating their growth and maturation.
- Support Developing Germ Cells: They create a protective environment for germ cells, ensuring proper development and differentiation into mature sperm.
- Secrete Androgen-Binding Protein (ABP): Sertoli cells produce ABP, which binds testosterone and keeps its levels high in the seminiferous tubules, promoting spermatogenesis.
Why Option B is Correct
- Secretion of Testosterone: Sertoli cells do not secrete testosterone. This function is primarily performed by Leydig cells, which are located in the interstitial space of the testes. Leydig cells respond to luteinizing hormone (LH) and are responsible for the production of testosterone, which is crucial for male secondary sexual characteristics and overall reproductive health.
Conclusion
In summary, while Sertoli cells have vital supportive and regulatory roles in spermatogenesis, they are not involved in the secretion of testosterone. This vital function is attributed to Leydig cells, making option B the correct choice in this context.
Sertoli cells, located in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, play essential roles in male reproductive physiology. They are often referred to as "nurse cells" because they provide support and nourishment to developing sperm cells.
Functions of Sertoli Cells
- Provide Nutrition to Spermatogonia: Sertoli cells supply nutrients and biochemical support to spermatogonia and developing spermatozoa, facilitating their growth and maturation.
- Support Developing Germ Cells: They create a protective environment for germ cells, ensuring proper development and differentiation into mature sperm.
- Secrete Androgen-Binding Protein (ABP): Sertoli cells produce ABP, which binds testosterone and keeps its levels high in the seminiferous tubules, promoting spermatogenesis.
Why Option B is Correct
- Secretion of Testosterone: Sertoli cells do not secrete testosterone. This function is primarily performed by Leydig cells, which are located in the interstitial space of the testes. Leydig cells respond to luteinizing hormone (LH) and are responsible for the production of testosterone, which is crucial for male secondary sexual characteristics and overall reproductive health.
Conclusion
In summary, while Sertoli cells have vital supportive and regulatory roles in spermatogenesis, they are not involved in the secretion of testosterone. This vital function is attributed to Leydig cells, making option B the correct choice in this context.
Marijuana is extracted from- a)Dried leaves and flowers of hemp plant
- b)Ergot fungus
- c)Cocoa plant
- d)Roots of hemp plant
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Marijuana is extracted from
a)
Dried leaves and flowers of hemp plant
b)
Ergot fungus
c)
Cocoa plant
d)
Roots of hemp plant
|
|
Ayeshashreya Mishra answered |
Marijuana is extracted from leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa. It is considered as one of the abused drugs. It can be used for smoking. It is usually green, brown or gray in color. It is a mixture of dried-out leaves, stems, flowers. so answer will be A) Dried leaves and flowers of hemp plant.....
Cyclosporine is a drug that is used as:- a)Anti retro-viral drug
- b)Immuno-modulator
- c)Immunosuppressant
- d)Immuno vaccine
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Cyclosporine is a drug that is used as:
a)
Anti retro-viral drug
b)
Immuno-modulator
c)
Immunosuppressant
d)
Immuno vaccine
|
|
Varsha Singh answered |
Cyclosporine used as imnunosuppressant....
What is the role of α-interferon in cancer treatment?- a)It directly kills cancer cells.
- b)It helps in preventing the formation of tumors.
- c)It activates the immune system to destroy tumor cells.
- d)It prevents DNA damage in normal cells.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
a)
It directly kills cancer cells.
b)
It helps in preventing the formation of tumors.
c)
It activates the immune system to destroy tumor cells.
d)
It prevents DNA damage in normal cells.
|
Ambition Institute answered |
Α-interferon is a biological response modifier used in cancer treatment. It activates the immune system, helping the body detect and destroy tumor cells that have evaded immune recognition.
ATS inoculation soon after injury that brings contact with soiled objects give protection against the possible attack of __________- a)Poliomyelitis
- b)AIDS
- c)Tetanus
- d)Influenza
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
ATS inoculation soon after injury that brings contact with soiled objects give protection against the possible attack of __________
a)
Poliomyelitis
b)
AIDS
c)
Tetanus
d)
Influenza
|
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
ATS inoculation soon after injury that brings contact with soiled objects give protection against the possible attack of tetanus. Wounds and cutes or surgical instruments coming in contact with the road dust may cause the entry of spores into the body. Injection of ATS within 24 hours of injury gives passive immunity to the individual.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding Vaccination and Immunisation?- a)Immunisation is the phenomena of increasing specific antibody production
- b)Vaccination is the process of inoculation of harmless antigenic material into the healthy person
- c)A single vaccination gives adequate immunity and lasts lifelong
- d)Immunisation is carried out through vaccination and injection of antiserum
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding Vaccination and Immunisation?
a)
Immunisation is the phenomena of increasing specific antibody production
b)
Vaccination is the process of inoculation of harmless antigenic material into the healthy person
c)
A single vaccination gives adequate immunity and lasts lifelong
d)
Immunisation is carried out through vaccination and injection of antiserum
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
A single vaccination gives adequate immunity and lasts lifelong is the incorrect statement. It may not give adequate immunity. Therefore, 2-3 booster doses of vaccine are administered later on at specific intervals.
Statement I: Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts.
Statement II: The malignant tumors are mass of proliferating cells that grow very rapidly.
Statement III: The mass of proliferating cells called ceroplastic cells.- a)Statement I and III are correct
- b)Statement I and II are correct
- c)Statement II and III are correct
- d)All Statements are correct
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Statement I: Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts.
Statement II: The malignant tumors are mass of proliferating cells that grow very rapidly.
Statement III: The mass of proliferating cells called ceroplastic cells.
Statement II: The malignant tumors are mass of proliferating cells that grow very rapidly.
Statement III: The mass of proliferating cells called ceroplastic cells.
a)
Statement I and III are correct
b)
Statement I and II are correct
c)
Statement II and III are correct
d)
All Statements are correct
|
|
Partho Kumar answered |
Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts. The malignant tumors are mass of proliferating cells that grow very rapidly. The mass of proliferating cells called neoplastic or tumors cells.
Typhoid fever in human beings is caused by- a)Plasmodium vivax
- b)Trichophyton
- c)Salmonella typhi
- d)Rhinoviruses
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Typhoid fever in human beings is caused by
a)
Plasmodium vivax
b)
Trichophyton
c)
Salmonella typhi
d)
Rhinoviruses
|
Muskan Sharma answered |
Typhoid fever in human being is caused by Salmonella typhi (bacteria).
Small intestine is infected.
Symptom--- high fever, weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache, loss of appetite.
Confirmed by Widal Test.
Small intestine is infected.
Symptom--- high fever, weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache, loss of appetite.
Confirmed by Widal Test.
Cocaine is commonly called as- a)smack
- b)coke
- c)crack
- d)both (b) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Cocaine is commonly called as
a)
smack
b)
coke
c)
crack
d)
both (b) and (c)
|
|
Ajay Yadav answered |
Cocaine, commonly called come or crack, is usually snorted, it has a potent stimulating action on central nervous system, producing a sence of euphoria and increased energy. Excessive dosageof cocaine causes hallucinations.
The common cold is caused by- a)Rhino viruses
- b)Streptococcus pneumoniae
- c)Salmonella typhimurium
- d)Plasmodium vivax
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The common cold is caused by
a)
Rhino viruses
b)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
c)
Salmonella typhimurium
d)
Plasmodium vivax
|
|
Lekshmi Tiwari answered |
The Common Cold: Causes and Explanation
The common cold, also known as an upper respiratory tract infection, is a viral illness that affects the nose and throat. It is a highly contagious condition and is usually harmless, although it can cause discomfort and inconvenience. The primary cause of the common cold is rhinoviruses, which are responsible for the majority of cold infections. Let's explore this answer in more detail:
Rhinoviruses
Rhinoviruses are a group of small, single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the family Picornaviridae. They are the most common cause of the common cold, accounting for approximately 30-50% of all cold cases. Rhinoviruses are highly contagious and can be easily transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces.
Transmission and Symptoms
When an infected person coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets containing rhinoviruses are released into the air. These droplets can be inhaled by others, leading to the transmission of the virus. Additionally, rhinoviruses can survive on surfaces for several hours, increasing the risk of transmission through touch.
Once the rhinovirus enters the body, it attaches to the cells lining the nose and throat. This attachment triggers an immune response, leading to inflammation of the respiratory tract. The most common symptoms of a cold include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, mild headache, and fatigue. These symptoms typically appear 1-3 days after exposure to the virus and can last for 7-10 days.
Other Causes
While rhinoviruses are the primary cause of the common cold, it is important to note that other viruses can also contribute to cold-like symptoms. These include coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses, and adenoviruses. However, rhinoviruses remain the most prevalent and significant cause of the common cold.
Conclusion
In summary, the common cold is mainly caused by rhinoviruses. These viruses are highly contagious and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces. Understanding the cause of the common cold helps in implementing preventive measures, such as frequent handwashing, covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, to reduce the spread of the virus.
The common cold, also known as an upper respiratory tract infection, is a viral illness that affects the nose and throat. It is a highly contagious condition and is usually harmless, although it can cause discomfort and inconvenience. The primary cause of the common cold is rhinoviruses, which are responsible for the majority of cold infections. Let's explore this answer in more detail:
Rhinoviruses
Rhinoviruses are a group of small, single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the family Picornaviridae. They are the most common cause of the common cold, accounting for approximately 30-50% of all cold cases. Rhinoviruses are highly contagious and can be easily transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces.
Transmission and Symptoms
When an infected person coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets containing rhinoviruses are released into the air. These droplets can be inhaled by others, leading to the transmission of the virus. Additionally, rhinoviruses can survive on surfaces for several hours, increasing the risk of transmission through touch.
Once the rhinovirus enters the body, it attaches to the cells lining the nose and throat. This attachment triggers an immune response, leading to inflammation of the respiratory tract. The most common symptoms of a cold include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, mild headache, and fatigue. These symptoms typically appear 1-3 days after exposure to the virus and can last for 7-10 days.
Other Causes
While rhinoviruses are the primary cause of the common cold, it is important to note that other viruses can also contribute to cold-like symptoms. These include coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses, and adenoviruses. However, rhinoviruses remain the most prevalent and significant cause of the common cold.
Conclusion
In summary, the common cold is mainly caused by rhinoviruses. These viruses are highly contagious and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces. Understanding the cause of the common cold helps in implementing preventive measures, such as frequent handwashing, covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, to reduce the spread of the virus.
During the life cycle of Plasmodium, sexual reproduction takes place in which of the following hosts?- a)Human
- b)Female Anopheles mosquito
- c)Male Anopheles mosquito
- d)Both (a) and (b)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
During the life cycle of Plasmodium, sexual reproduction takes place in which of the following hosts?
a)
Human
b)
Female Anopheles mosquito
c)
Male Anopheles mosquito
d)
Both (a) and (b)
|
|
Tanishq Choudhary answered |
Plasmodium is a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. The life cycle of Plasmodium involves both asexual and sexual reproduction. The asexual reproduction takes place in the human host, while the sexual reproduction takes place in the female Anopheles mosquito.
Explanation:
The life cycle of Plasmodium involves the following stages:
1. Sporozoites: The sporozoites are the infective form of Plasmodium, which are injected into the human host by the female Anopheles mosquito while taking a blood meal.
2. Liver stage: The sporozoites enter the liver cells and multiply asexually to form merozoites.
3. Blood stage: The merozoites are released into the bloodstream and infect the red blood cells, where they multiply asexually and cause the symptoms of malaria.
4. Gametocytes: Some of the merozoites differentiate into male and female gametocytes, which are the sexual forms of Plasmodium.
5. Mosquito stage: When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected human, it ingests the gametocytes along with the blood.
6. Fertilization: The male gametocytes fertilize the female gametocytes in the mosquito's gut, forming zygotes.
7. Ookinete: The zygotes develop into motile ookinetes, which penetrate the gut wall and form oocysts.
8. Sporozoites: The oocysts release sporozoites into the mosquito's hemocoel, which migrate to the salivary glands.
9. Transmission: When the infected mosquito bites a human, it injects the sporozoites into the bloodstream, and the cycle repeats.
Therefore, the sexual reproduction of Plasmodium takes place in the female Anopheles mosquito, while the asexual reproduction takes place in the human host. Hence, the correct answer is option B.
Explanation:
The life cycle of Plasmodium involves the following stages:
1. Sporozoites: The sporozoites are the infective form of Plasmodium, which are injected into the human host by the female Anopheles mosquito while taking a blood meal.
2. Liver stage: The sporozoites enter the liver cells and multiply asexually to form merozoites.
3. Blood stage: The merozoites are released into the bloodstream and infect the red blood cells, where they multiply asexually and cause the symptoms of malaria.
4. Gametocytes: Some of the merozoites differentiate into male and female gametocytes, which are the sexual forms of Plasmodium.
5. Mosquito stage: When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected human, it ingests the gametocytes along with the blood.
6. Fertilization: The male gametocytes fertilize the female gametocytes in the mosquito's gut, forming zygotes.
7. Ookinete: The zygotes develop into motile ookinetes, which penetrate the gut wall and form oocysts.
8. Sporozoites: The oocysts release sporozoites into the mosquito's hemocoel, which migrate to the salivary glands.
9. Transmission: When the infected mosquito bites a human, it injects the sporozoites into the bloodstream, and the cycle repeats.
Therefore, the sexual reproduction of Plasmodium takes place in the female Anopheles mosquito, while the asexual reproduction takes place in the human host. Hence, the correct answer is option B.
Chapter doubts & questions for Humans & Environment - Biology for JAMB 2025 is part of JAMB exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the JAMB exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for JAMB 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
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Biology for JAMB
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