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All questions of Infectious Diseases for Grade 12 Exam
The chemical test that is used for diagnosis of typhoid is:- a)ESR-Test
- b)PCR-Test
- c)Widal-Test
- d)ELISA-Test
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The chemical test that is used for diagnosis of typhoid is:
a)
ESR-Test
b)
PCR-Test
c)
Widal-Test
d)
ELISA-Test
|
Jeeshan Ahmed answered |
The Widal test is one method that may be used to help make a presumptive diagnosis of enteric fever, also known as typhoid fever.The test was based on demonstrating the presence of agglutinin (antibody) in the serum of an infected patient, against the H (flagellar) and O (somatic) antigens ofSalmonella typhi.
The chemical test that is used for diagnosis of typhoid is:- a)ESR-Test
- b)PCR-Test
- c)Widal-Test
- d)ELISA-Test
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The chemical test that is used for diagnosis of typhoid is:
a)
ESR-Test
b)
PCR-Test
c)
Widal-Test
d)
ELISA-Test
|
Dilip answered |
Its given in 12th NCERT.... widal test for typhoid
Can you explain the answer of this question below:The disease chikunguniya is transmitted by- A:Cockroach
- B:Aedes mosquitoes
- C:House flies
- D:Female Anopheles
The answer is b.
The disease chikunguniya is transmitted by
A:
Cockroach
B:
Aedes mosquitoes
C:
House flies
D:
Female Anopheles
|
Rohan Singh answered |
When a mosquito feeds on an infected person, the mosquito can become infected and can bite and infect others. The Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes transmit chikungunya. They also transmit dengue fever, another disease caused by a virus.
The disease causing microorganisms are called?- a)Microbes
- b)Fungi
- c)Allotropes
- d)Pathogen
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The disease causing microorganisms are called?
a)
Microbes
b)
Fungi
c)
Allotropes
d)
Pathogen
|
Anjali Iyer answered |
Most microbes belong to four major groups: bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi. (To find out more, see the “Bacteria/Viruses/Protozoa” fact sheets). Disease-causing microbes can also be called pathogens, germs or bugs and are responsible for causing infectious diseases.
Antibodies are produced by:- a)T-cells
- b)B-cells
- c)Monocytes
- d)Phagocytes
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Antibodies are produced by:
a)
T-cells
b)
B-cells
c)
Monocytes
d)
Phagocytes
|
|
Rohit Shah answered |
Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (or B cells). When an antigen binds to the B-cell surface, it stimulates the B cell to divide and mature into a group of identical cells called a clone.
Formation of antibodies within our body is called:- a)Innate immunity
- b)Acquired immunity
- c)Passive immunity
- d)Active immunity
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Formation of antibodies within our body is called:
a)
Innate immunity
b)
Acquired immunity
c)
Passive immunity
d)
Active immunity
|
Shalini Basu answered |
The combination of antibodies and complement promotes rapid clearing of pathogens. The production of antibodies by plasma cells in response to an antigen is called active immunity and describes the host's active response of theimmune system to an infection or to a vaccination.
The sporozoites that cause infection, when a female Anopheles mosquito bites a person, are stored in
- a)Liver of person
- b)RBCs of mosquito
- c)Salivary glands of mosquito
- d)Intestine of person
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The sporozoites that cause infection, when a female Anopheles mosquito bites a person, are stored in
a)
Liver of person
b)
RBCs of mosquito
c)
Salivary glands of mosquito
d)
Intestine of person
|
Geetika Shah answered |
- Sporozoites enter the female Anopheles mosquito when they bite an infected person where these sporozoite fertilise and multiply in the stomach wall of the female Anopheles and stored in the salivary gland of mosquito till it is again transferred to the human body by a mosquito bite.
- After entering the human body the sporozoites reach the liver cells, where they multiply. This is followed by their attack on red blood cells resulting in their rupture. The ruptured RBCs release a toxin called haemozoin, which is responsible for high recurring fever, chills and shivering.
- Mosquito Anatomy:
The drug used to increase cardiovascular effects in human beings is:- a)Cocaine
- b)Barbiturate
- c)Insulin
- d)Benzodiazepine
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The drug used to increase cardiovascular effects in human beings is:
a)
Cocaine
b)
Barbiturate
c)
Insulin
d)
Benzodiazepine
|
Dilip Chaurasiya answered |
Cocaine is a stimulant which temporeory stimulate cardio vascular activity.
Immuno-deficiency syndrome could develop due to- a)Defective liver
- b)AIDS virus
- c)Defective thymus
- d)Weak immune system
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Immuno-deficiency syndrome could develop due to
a)
Defective liver
b)
AIDS virus
c)
Defective thymus
d)
Weak immune system
|
|
Rajeev Saxena answered |
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Following initial infection, a person may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness. Typically, this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms. As the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors that rarely affect people who have working immune systems.[5] These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss.
Where memory cells are formed?- a)Monocytes
- b)Neutrophils
- c)Eosinophil
- d)Lymphocytes
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Where memory cells are formed?
a)
Monocytes
b)
Neutrophils
c)
Eosinophil
d)
Lymphocytes
|
|
Rohan Singh answered |
B lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that make antibodies to invading pathogens like viruses. They form memory cells that remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production in future infections.
Marijuana, hashish, charas and ganga are group of drugs collectively called?- a)Cannabinoids
- b)Opioids
- c)Coke
- d)Crack
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Marijuana, hashish, charas and ganga are group of drugs collectively called?
a)
Cannabinoids
b)
Opioids
c)
Coke
d)
Crack
|
|
Om Desai answered |
Marijuana, hashish, charas, and ganja contain chemicals called cannabinoids. They are generally, taken as inhalation or oral ingestion to effects cardiovascular system of the body.
Where will you look for the sporozoites of the malarial parasite?- a)Saliva of infected female Anopheles mosquito
- b)Spleen of infected humans
- c)Salivary glands of freshly moulted female Anopheles mosquito
- d)Red blood corpuscles of human suffering from malaria
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Where will you look for the sporozoites of the malarial parasite?
a)
Saliva of infected female Anopheles mosquito
b)
Spleen of infected humans
c)
Salivary glands of freshly moulted female Anopheles mosquito
d)
Red blood corpuscles of human suffering from malaria
|
|
Rajat Kapoor answered |
Sporozoite is the infective stage of the malarial parasite. They are present in the saliva of infected female anopheles mosquito.
Which one of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its category?- a)Heroin – psychotropic
- b)Benzodiazepines – pain killer
- c)Lysergic acid dimethyl amide – narcotic
- d)Amphetamines – stimulant
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its category?
a)
Heroin – psychotropic
b)
Benzodiazepines – pain killer
c)
Lysergic acid dimethyl amide – narcotic
d)
Amphetamines – stimulant
|
Shivani Rane answered |
Amphetamines is kind of drug which is used as stimulant. It is a strong CNS stimulant that is used in the treatment of ADHD. Lysergic acid dimethyl amide is not a narcotic and heroin is not a psychotropic agent.
Which of the following is the unit of immune system?- a)Chondrocyte
- b)Erythrocyte
- c)Lymphocyte
- d)Parasite
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is the unit of immune system?
a)
Chondrocyte
b)
Erythrocyte
c)
Lymphocyte
d)
Parasite
|
Pankaj Banerjee answered |
Lymphocytes are one of several different types of white blood cells. Lymphocytes are of two types B cells and T cells. When a macrophage engulfs organisms, B cells (humoral immunity) release antibodies which cause the destruction of bacteria. The T cells (cell-mediated immunity) destroy the infectious organisms by killing the body cells that are affected. Hence lymphocytes is a unit of the immune system.
So, the correct answer is 'Lymphocytes'.
Anti venom against snake poison contains:- a)Antigens
- b)Enzymes
- c)Antigen-antibody complexes
- d)Antibodies
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Anti venom against snake poison contains:
a)
Antigens
b)
Enzymes
c)
Antigen-antibody complexes
d)
Antibodies
|
Madhavan Ghosh answered |
Anti venom against snake poison contains antibodies.
Explanation:
Anti venom is a serum that is used to treat snake bites. It contains antibodies that are specifically produced to neutralize the venom of a particular snake species. The antibodies are produced by injecting a small amount of the snake venom into an animal, usually a horse, and then collecting the blood serum from the animal after a certain period of time. This serum contains the antibodies that have been produced in response to the venom.
The antibodies in the anti venom work by binding to the venom molecules and neutralizing their toxic effects. This prevents the venom from causing damage to the body and allows the body's own immune system to clear the venom from the bloodstream.
It is important to note that anti venom is specific to the species of snake that produced the venom. This means that anti venom for one species of snake will not be effective against the venom of another species. It is also important to administer anti venom as soon as possible after a snake bite, as the venom can rapidly spread through the body and cause severe damage if left untreated.
Explanation:
Anti venom is a serum that is used to treat snake bites. It contains antibodies that are specifically produced to neutralize the venom of a particular snake species. The antibodies are produced by injecting a small amount of the snake venom into an animal, usually a horse, and then collecting the blood serum from the animal after a certain period of time. This serum contains the antibodies that have been produced in response to the venom.
The antibodies in the anti venom work by binding to the venom molecules and neutralizing their toxic effects. This prevents the venom from causing damage to the body and allows the body's own immune system to clear the venom from the bloodstream.
It is important to note that anti venom is specific to the species of snake that produced the venom. This means that anti venom for one species of snake will not be effective against the venom of another species. It is also important to administer anti venom as soon as possible after a snake bite, as the venom can rapidly spread through the body and cause severe damage if left untreated.
The function of IgE is- a)Protection from inhaled/ingested pathogens
- b)Mediate in allergic response
- c)Activation of B-cells
- d)Stimulation of complement system, passive immunity to foetus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The function of IgE is
a)
Protection from inhaled/ingested pathogens
b)
Mediate in allergic response
c)
Activation of B-cells
d)
Stimulation of complement system, passive immunity to foetus
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
The function of IgE antibody as mediators in allergic reactions of Type I is explained by their ability to interact both with antigen and with receptor molecules on the membrane of blood basophils and tissue mast cells. However, it is not understood how the interaction of an allergen with cell-bound IgE antibody will induce basophil (mast) cells to release a great number of biologically active substances of which some will be further discussed at this meeting, nor is it known what role the IgE-mast cell system plays in the development and control of a normal immune response.
Japanese encephalitis is transmitted by- a)Tse tse fly
- b)Sand fly
- c)Housefly
- d)Mosquito
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Japanese encephalitis is transmitted by
a)
Tse tse fly
b)
Sand fly
c)
Housefly
d)
Mosquito
|
|
Uday Jain answered |
Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis
Japanese Encephalitis is a viral disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes. The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The virus is primarily found in rural and agricultural areas of Asia, but cases have been reported in other parts of the world as well.
Mosquitoes that transmit Japanese encephalitis
The Culex mosquitoes are the primary vector for the transmission of Japanese encephalitis. These mosquitoes are common in rural areas and are most active during the evening and early morning hours. The mosquito becomes infected with the virus when it feeds on an infected animal, usually a pig or a bird. The virus then multiplies in the mosquito's salivary glands and can be transmitted to humans when the mosquito bites a person.
Risk factors for Japanese encephalitis
People who live or travel to areas where Japanese encephalitis is endemic are at risk of contracting the disease. The risk is greatest during the monsoon season when mosquitoes are most active. Children and older adults are at greater risk of developing severe disease if they become infected with the virus.
Prevention of Japanese encephalitis
The best way to prevent Japanese encephalitis is to get vaccinated before traveling to areas where the disease is endemic. Other preventive measures include:
- Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants when outdoors
- Use insect repellent containing DEET on exposed skin
- Use mosquito nets or screens in sleeping areas
- Eliminate standing water around homes where mosquitoes breed
Conclusion
Japanese encephalitis is a serious disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes. The primary vector for the transmission of the virus is the Culex mosquito. People who live or travel to areas where Japanese encephalitis is endemic should take preventive measures to reduce their risk of contracting the disease. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Japanese encephalitis.
Japanese Encephalitis is a viral disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes. The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The virus is primarily found in rural and agricultural areas of Asia, but cases have been reported in other parts of the world as well.
Mosquitoes that transmit Japanese encephalitis
The Culex mosquitoes are the primary vector for the transmission of Japanese encephalitis. These mosquitoes are common in rural areas and are most active during the evening and early morning hours. The mosquito becomes infected with the virus when it feeds on an infected animal, usually a pig or a bird. The virus then multiplies in the mosquito's salivary glands and can be transmitted to humans when the mosquito bites a person.
Risk factors for Japanese encephalitis
People who live or travel to areas where Japanese encephalitis is endemic are at risk of contracting the disease. The risk is greatest during the monsoon season when mosquitoes are most active. Children and older adults are at greater risk of developing severe disease if they become infected with the virus.
Prevention of Japanese encephalitis
The best way to prevent Japanese encephalitis is to get vaccinated before traveling to areas where the disease is endemic. Other preventive measures include:
- Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants when outdoors
- Use insect repellent containing DEET on exposed skin
- Use mosquito nets or screens in sleeping areas
- Eliminate standing water around homes where mosquitoes breed
Conclusion
Japanese encephalitis is a serious disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes. The primary vector for the transmission of the virus is the Culex mosquito. People who live or travel to areas where Japanese encephalitis is endemic should take preventive measures to reduce their risk of contracting the disease. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Japanese encephalitis.
The primary and secondary immune response are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes present in our blood called?- a)B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes
- b)Lymphocytes and monocytes
- c)T-lymphocytes and A-lymphocytes
- d)B-lymphocytes and M-lymphocytes
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The primary and secondary immune response are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes present in our blood called?
a)
B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes
b)
Lymphocytes and monocytes
c)
T-lymphocytes and A-lymphocytes
d)
B-lymphocytes and M-lymphocytes
|
|
Anaswara Rajput answered |
The primary immune response can be described as the first response of our body system to a newly introduced foreign agent, while the secondary immune response is defined as an intensified immune response to this previously exposed antigen. The primary and secondary immune response is carried out by following two types of lymphocytes;
1)B-Lymphocytes: responsible for the production of antibodies in our blood. the type of antibodies is IgA. IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.
2)T-Lymphocytes: These are mediators cell-mediated immunity.
So, the correct answer is 'Option A
1)B-Lymphocytes: responsible for the production of antibodies in our blood. the type of antibodies is IgA. IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.
2)T-Lymphocytes: These are mediators cell-mediated immunity.
So, the correct answer is 'Option A
Cancer cells are more damaged by radiations while others are not because cancer cells are
a) Undergoing rapid divisions
b) Different in nature
c) Starved
d) None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
|
Tapsee Choudhary answered |
Always undifferentiated , quickly dividing and metabolically more active cells be sensitive for radiations... and cancer cells undergo rapid division and and more active metabolically.....
so they can damaged easily by radiations....
so they can damaged easily by radiations....
AIDS day is________.- a)May 1
- b)December 1
- c)June 1
- d)December 20
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
AIDS day is________.
a)
May 1
b)
December 1
c)
June 1
d)
December 20
|
|
Dorri answered |
Since 1988, 1st December is celebrated as International AIDS day to raise awareness about it's spread.
HIV originated from CHIMPANZEES to Humans cross, in Democratic Republic of CONGO (known currently). Chimps who carried SIV(closely related to HIV) were being hunted & then eaten by people living there in 1920s.
Cannabis plant is used in the production of:- a)Charas
- b)Ganja
- c)Marijuana
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Cannabis plant is used in the production of:
a)
Charas
b)
Ganja
c)
Marijuana
d)
All of these
|
|
Hitakshi 💞💞 answered |
¶¶ Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa..... The flower tops, leaves and the resin of Cannabis plants are used in various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja....... *Charas is a type of cannabis, obtained from resin of cannabis plants..... *Marijuana is an edible preparation of cannabis which is used in food and drink, it is mixed with milk. It is obtained from fresh and dried leaves and the flowering shoots of male and female plants......
*Ganja is a name given for hemp which is also a preparation from cannabis sativa. It is obtained from unfertilized female inflorescence.... Thus, the correct answer is option 'D'.
Anti-venom is used for the treatment of snake bite. The treatment of snake bite by anti-venom is an example of- a)Artificially acquired active immunity
- b)Specific natural immunity
- c)Naturally acquired passive immunity
- d)Artificially acquired passive immunity
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Anti-venom is used for the treatment of snake bite. The treatment of snake bite by anti-venom is an example of
a)
Artificially acquired active immunity
b)
Specific natural immunity
c)
Naturally acquired passive immunity
d)
Artificially acquired passive immunity
|
|
Vivek Patel answered |
The treatment of snake bite by anit-venom is an example of artificial acquired passive immunity. Anti-venom neutralize the effect of venom in the body.
AIDS is caused by Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) which is a member of group of virus called?- a)Mono virus
- b)Retro virus
- c)Miso virus
- d)Micro virus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
AIDS is caused by Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) which is a member of group of virus called?
a)
Mono virus
b)
Retro virus
c)
Miso virus
d)
Micro virus
|
Ishani Patel answered |
AIDS is caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus of a member of the group of virus called retrovirus. It is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
Motile zygote of Plasmodium occurs in__________.- a)Human RBCs
- b)Human liver
- c)Salivary glands of Anopheles
- d)Gut of female Anopheles
Correct answer is 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Motile zygote of Plasmodium occurs in__________.
a)
Human RBCs
b)
Human liver
c)
Salivary glands of Anopheles
d)
Gut of female Anopheles
|
|
Rohit Shah answered |
Gut of female Anopheles
When female Anopheles, sucks the blood of an infected person, the gametocytes of plasmodium are picked up by the mosquito. Now sexual reproduction of Plasmodium occurs inside mosquito. The outer envelope of gametocyte is dissolved and its contents are liberated into the cavity of gut. These content undergo gametogony, i.e., formation of microgametes and macroagamete. The nuclei of both fuse and a synkaryon or zygote is formed. This zygote is motionless and spherical for sometime and vermiform very soon. Now, it is called vermicule or ookinete. Ookinete pierces the stomach wall and forms a cyst(oocyst) on its outer surface which has about 1000 sporozoites. The latter pass into salivary glands of the mosquito.
Which property is not exhibited by a disease-causing pathogen?- a)Invasiveness
- b)Toxigenicity
- c)Virulence
- d)Co-operation
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which property is not exhibited by a disease-causing pathogen?
a)
Invasiveness
b)
Toxigenicity
c)
Virulence
d)
Co-operation
|
Dev Patel answered |
A. Invasiveness of a pathogen is its ability to gain entry into a host and grow.
B. Toxigenicity is the power of a pathogen to form toxins capable of damaging host cells.
C. Virulence is the ability of a pathogen to produce disease.
D. Co-operation is a property not exhibited by a pathogen.
Hence, the correct answer is option D: Co-operation
Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes aids by attacking a type of white blood cell called- a)CD4
- b)CD3
- c)CD8
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes aids by attacking a type of white blood cell called
a)
CD4
b)
CD3
c)
CD8
d)
None of these
|
|
Bhaskar Ala answered |
"HIV " Attacks CD4 cells (T- helper, T- cells) .. this cells plays important role in immune system..
Development of vaccine is difficult for AIDS because HIV gene- a)Integrates into large number of host genes
- b)Undergoes mutation at rapid
- c)Undergoes reverse transcriptase
- d)Integrates its genome into that of helper T cells
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Development of vaccine is difficult for AIDS because HIV gene
a)
Integrates into large number of host genes
b)
Undergoes mutation at rapid
c)
Undergoes reverse transcriptase
d)
Integrates its genome into that of helper T cells
|
|
Kekan Dp answered |
It damage our immunity system from which any bacteria or virus can affect on us it's difficult to choose one tablet
Who discovered the technique of preparing vaccine from attenuated pathogen and in which year?- a)Edward Jenner, 1796
- b)Louis Pasteur, 1879
- c)Robert Downey, 1856
- d)Von Behring, 1950
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Who discovered the technique of preparing vaccine from attenuated pathogen and in which year?
a)
Edward Jenner, 1796
b)
Louis Pasteur, 1879
c)
Robert Downey, 1856
d)
Von Behring, 1950
|
|
Raghav Bansal answered |
Louis Pasteur discovered the technique of preparing vaccine from an attenuated pathogen in 1879. This was the first true vaccine consisting of weakened micro-organisms against the disease chicken cholera.
The antibody which can cross placental barrier is- a)IgA
- b)IgE
- c)IgM
- d)IgG
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The antibody which can cross placental barrier is
a)
IgA
b)
IgE
c)
IgM
d)
IgG
|
Yash answered |
IgG immunoglobin me sabse jyada 80% paye jate h . ye sbse chote imuno globin hote h kyuki enme paratopes kevel 2 hote h upr se ye monovalant hote h. chote size ke karan ye placenta ko cross kr jate h
Opiate narcotic drugs are:- a)Antihistamine
- b)Hypnotic
- c)Antianxiety
- d)Analgesic
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Opiate narcotic drugs are:
a)
Antihistamine
b)
Hypnotic
c)
Antianxiety
d)
Analgesic
|
|
Pranav Roy answered |
Opiate narcotic drugs are a type of analgesic drug. These drugs are derived from the opium poppy and are known for their ability to relieve pain by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.
Explanation:
• Opiate narcotic drugs are a type of medication that is used to treat pain. They are derived from the opium poppy and include drugs such as morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone.
• These drugs work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for pain perception. When they bind to these receptors, they block the transmission of pain signals, which can provide significant pain relief.
• Opiate narcotics are often used to treat acute pain, such as pain following surgery or injury. They may also be used for chronic pain conditions, such as cancer pain or chronic back pain.
• However, opiate narcotics can also be highly addictive and can cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression. They can also be dangerous when taken in high doses or when combined with other drugs or alcohol.
• Because of their potential for addiction and abuse, opiate narcotics are tightly controlled by law enforcement and healthcare professionals. They are typically only prescribed for short-term use and under close medical supervision.
• In recent years, there has been growing concern about the overuse and abuse of opiate narcotics, particularly in the United States. This has led to increased efforts to educate healthcare professionals and patients about the risks of these drugs and to promote alternative pain management strategies.
Explanation:
• Opiate narcotic drugs are a type of medication that is used to treat pain. They are derived from the opium poppy and include drugs such as morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone.
• These drugs work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for pain perception. When they bind to these receptors, they block the transmission of pain signals, which can provide significant pain relief.
• Opiate narcotics are often used to treat acute pain, such as pain following surgery or injury. They may also be used for chronic pain conditions, such as cancer pain or chronic back pain.
• However, opiate narcotics can also be highly addictive and can cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression. They can also be dangerous when taken in high doses or when combined with other drugs or alcohol.
• Because of their potential for addiction and abuse, opiate narcotics are tightly controlled by law enforcement and healthcare professionals. They are typically only prescribed for short-term use and under close medical supervision.
• In recent years, there has been growing concern about the overuse and abuse of opiate narcotics, particularly in the United States. This has led to increased efforts to educate healthcare professionals and patients about the risks of these drugs and to promote alternative pain management strategies.
Which one of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its category?
- a)Barbiturates - Tranquilliser
- b)Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) - Psychedelic (hallucinogen)
- c) Amphetamines - CNS stimulants
- d)Heroin - Depressant, slows down body functions
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its category?
a)
Barbiturates - Tranquilliser
b)
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) - Psychedelic (hallucinogen)
c)
Amphetamines - CNS stimulants
d)
Heroin - Depressant, slows down body functions
|
|
Ajay Yadav answered |
Heroin, commonly called smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation of morphine, which is extracted from the latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum. Generally taken by snorting and injection, heroin is a depressant and slows down body functions.
The drug which binds to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract is:- a)Smack
- b)Opioids
- c)Cannabinoids
- d)Heroine
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The drug which binds to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract is:
a)
Smack
b)
Opioids
c)
Cannabinoids
d)
Heroine
|
Maitri Tiwari answered |
Opioids are drugs that act on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract by binding to specific opioid receptors. These receptors are present in various parts of the body, including the brain, spinal cord, and digestive tract.
Mechanism of Action:
When opioids bind to the receptors, they activate a series of chemical reactions that lead to pain relief, sedation, and a sense of euphoria. Opioids work by mimicking the body's natural pain-relieving chemicals, such as endorphins.
Types of Opioids:
There are several types of opioids, including natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic opioids. Examples of natural opioids include morphine and codeine, while semi-synthetic opioids include oxycodone and hydrocodone. Synthetic opioids include fentanyl and tramadol.
Medical Uses:
Opioids are commonly used in medical settings to treat pain, such as after surgery or for chronic pain conditions. They may also be used to treat coughing and diarrhea.
Risks and Side Effects:
However, opioids can be highly addictive and can lead to dependence, tolerance, and overdose. They can also cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, constipation, nausea, and respiratory depression.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, opioids are a class of drugs that bind to specific opioid receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. They are commonly used to treat pain, but can also be highly addictive and have a range of side effects. It is important to use opioids only as prescribed and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Mechanism of Action:
When opioids bind to the receptors, they activate a series of chemical reactions that lead to pain relief, sedation, and a sense of euphoria. Opioids work by mimicking the body's natural pain-relieving chemicals, such as endorphins.
Types of Opioids:
There are several types of opioids, including natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic opioids. Examples of natural opioids include morphine and codeine, while semi-synthetic opioids include oxycodone and hydrocodone. Synthetic opioids include fentanyl and tramadol.
Medical Uses:
Opioids are commonly used in medical settings to treat pain, such as after surgery or for chronic pain conditions. They may also be used to treat coughing and diarrhea.
Risks and Side Effects:
However, opioids can be highly addictive and can lead to dependence, tolerance, and overdose. They can also cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, constipation, nausea, and respiratory depression.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, opioids are a class of drugs that bind to specific opioid receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. They are commonly used to treat pain, but can also be highly addictive and have a range of side effects. It is important to use opioids only as prescribed and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Heroin is commonly called smack is chemically:- a)Diacetylchloride
- b)Diacetylmorphine
- c)Dichlordiethyl acetone
- d)Cocaine
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Heroin is commonly called smack is chemically:
a)
Diacetylchloride
b)
Diacetylmorphine
c)
Dichlordiethyl acetone
d)
Cocaine
|
|
Wahid Khan answered |
Heroine or smack is chemically ,diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound.
AIDS can be transmitted by- a)Blood transfusion
- b)Handshake
- c)Courtship
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
AIDS can be transmitted by
a)
Blood transfusion
b)
Handshake
c)
Courtship
d)
All of the above
|
Sarthak Saini answered |
AIDS can be transmitted from infected person to healthy person through blood transfusion. The most common way of transmission of AIDS is during sexual intercourse with multiple partners without protection.
Which of the following is a pair of viral diseases?- a)Ringworm, AIDS
- b)Dysentery, Common Cold
- c)Common Cold, AIDS
- d)Typhoid, Tuberculosis
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is a pair of viral diseases?
a)
Ringworm, AIDS
b)
Dysentery, Common Cold
c)
Common Cold, AIDS
d)
Typhoid, Tuberculosis
|
|
Muskan Sethi answered |
Ringworm - fungal infection
AIDS- HIV virus
Common cold - Rhino Virus
typhoid - Salmonella typhi ( bacteria)
tuberculosis - mycobacterium tuberculosis ( bacteria)
dysentery - it is of two types bacterial and amoebic
therefore the viral diseases are AIDS and Common cold
Which one of the following is a stimulant?- a)LSD
- b)Opium
- c)Heroin
- d)Cocaine
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is a stimulant?
a)
LSD
b)
Opium
c)
Heroin
d)
Cocaine
|
|
Prem Darade answered |
LSD is hallucinogenic. Opium is highly addictive narcotic drug. Heroin is derived from the morphine alkaloid found in opium and is depressant drug. Cannabis is considered depressant.
Cocaine belongs to the family of stimulants, which stimulate the nervous system.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Cocaine'.
Cocaine belongs to the family of stimulants, which stimulate the nervous system.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Cocaine'.
Marijuana and charas are- a)Sedative
- b)Hallucinogens
- c)Depressant
- d)Stimulant
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Marijuana and charas are
a)
Sedative
b)
Hallucinogens
c)
Depressant
d)
Stimulant
|
|
Rahul Kapoor answered |
Hallucinogens are psychedelic drugs, because of their effect on the cerebrum and sense. marijuna and charas are Hallucinogens.
(i)These are obtained from the plants like Atropa belladonaand Datura
(ii)Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is derived from the fungus Claviceps purpurea.
(iii)Effect of these drugs occur on thoughts, feelings and perceptions of an individual. Medically these are prescribed to cope with depression and insomnia.
Given below is the diagram of human lymphatic system, where A, B, C and D are lymphoid organs. Select incorrect option regarding the lymphoid organs labelled as A, B, C and D.
- a)T cells mature in B
- b)B and T cells undergo maturation in C
- c)B and T cells undergo proliferation and differentiation in A
- d)B cells mature in D
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Given below is the diagram of human lymphatic system, where A, B, C and D are lymphoid organs. Select incorrect option regarding the lymphoid organs labelled as A, B, C and D.
a)
T cells mature in B
b)
B and T cells undergo maturation in C
c)
B and T cells undergo proliferation and differentiation in A
d)
B cells mature in D
|
Lavanya Menon answered |
'A'-lymph nodes, 'B'-Thymus, 'C'-spleen, 'D'-Bone marrow. Thymus and bone marrow are the primary lymphoid organs where maturation of T-cells and B-cells take place respectively. Lymph nodes and spleen are the secondary lymphoid organs where T-cells and B-cells undergo proliferation and differentiation.
Which of these glands is large at the time of birth but in adults, it reduces to a very small size?- a)Thyroid
- b)Adrenal
- c)Thymus
- d)Spleen
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of these glands is large at the time of birth but in adults, it reduces to a very small size?
a)
Thyroid
b)
Adrenal
c)
Thymus
d)
Spleen
|
|
Krithika Ahuja answered |
Thymus gland is the correct option as it is large at the time of birth but reduces to a very small size in adults.
Explanation:
Thymus gland is a specialized gland of the lymphatic system that plays an important role in the development of the immune system. It is located in the upper thorax, behind the sternum, and in front of the heart. The thymus gland is large at the time of birth and continues to grow until puberty. After puberty, the thymus gland begins to shrink and is replaced by fatty tissue. By the age of 20, the thymus gland has reduced to about one-third of its maximum size, and by the age of 50, it has reduced to only a few grams of fatty tissue.
Why is Thymus gland large at the time of birth?
The thymus gland is very active during fetal development and plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system. The thymus gland produces T-lymphocytes, which are immune cells that play a crucial role in fighting infections and diseases. The thymus gland is essential for the development of T-lymphocytes, which are responsible for recognizing and attacking foreign substances in the body. The thymus gland is particularly important during fetal development because the fetus does not have a fully developed immune system and relies on the mother's immune system for protection.
Why does Thymus gland reduce in size in adults?
The thymus gland begins to shrink after puberty because the production of T-lymphocytes decreases with age. As a result, the thymus gland is no longer required to produce large numbers of T-lymphocytes, and its function gradually declines. The thymus gland is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, which is an irreversible process. However, the T-lymphocytes that are produced by the thymus gland during fetal development and childhood continue to circulate in the body and play a crucial role in the immune system throughout life.
Explanation:
Thymus gland is a specialized gland of the lymphatic system that plays an important role in the development of the immune system. It is located in the upper thorax, behind the sternum, and in front of the heart. The thymus gland is large at the time of birth and continues to grow until puberty. After puberty, the thymus gland begins to shrink and is replaced by fatty tissue. By the age of 20, the thymus gland has reduced to about one-third of its maximum size, and by the age of 50, it has reduced to only a few grams of fatty tissue.
Why is Thymus gland large at the time of birth?
The thymus gland is very active during fetal development and plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system. The thymus gland produces T-lymphocytes, which are immune cells that play a crucial role in fighting infections and diseases. The thymus gland is essential for the development of T-lymphocytes, which are responsible for recognizing and attacking foreign substances in the body. The thymus gland is particularly important during fetal development because the fetus does not have a fully developed immune system and relies on the mother's immune system for protection.
Why does Thymus gland reduce in size in adults?
The thymus gland begins to shrink after puberty because the production of T-lymphocytes decreases with age. As a result, the thymus gland is no longer required to produce large numbers of T-lymphocytes, and its function gradually declines. The thymus gland is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, which is an irreversible process. However, the T-lymphocytes that are produced by the thymus gland during fetal development and childhood continue to circulate in the body and play a crucial role in the immune system throughout life.
The disease chikunguniya is transmitted by- a)Cockroach
- b)Aedes mosquitoes
- c)House flies
- d)Female Anopheles
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The disease chikunguniya is transmitted by
a)
Cockroach
b)
Aedes mosquitoes
c)
House flies
d)
Female Anopheles
|
Abhay Iyer answered |
Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on a person already infected with the virus. Infectedmosquitoes can then spread the virus to other people through bites. Chikungunya virus is most often spread to people by Aedes aegypti andAedes albopictus mosquitoes. These are the samemosquitoes that transmit dengue virus.
Several genes called _____have been identified in normal cells which when activated will turn in to ___ , and under certain conditions, could lead to cancerous transformation of the cells.Complete the above paragraph by selecting correct sequence of words.- a)oncogenes, proto oncogenes
- b)cellular oncogenes, proto oncogenes
- c)proto oncogenes, oncogenes
- d)cellular oncogenes, oncogenes
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Several genes called _____have been identified in normal cells which when activated will turn in to ___ , and under certain conditions, could lead to cancerous transformation of the cells.
Complete the above paragraph by selecting correct sequence of words.
a)
oncogenes, proto oncogenes
b)
cellular oncogenes, proto oncogenes
c)
proto oncogenes, oncogenes
d)
cellular oncogenes, oncogenes
|
Prisha Chavan answered |
Explanation:
Proto-oncogenes are normal genes in cells that regulate cell growth and division. However, if these genes are mutated or activated, they can become oncogenes, which promote uncontrolled cell growth and division, leading to the development of cancer. Several proto-oncogenes have been identified in normal cells, and when activated, they can turn into oncogenes, potentially leading to the transformation of the cells into cancer cells.
The correct sequence of words to complete the paragraph is "proto-oncogenes, oncogenes." The other options presented include "oncogenes, proto-oncogenes," "cellular oncogenes, proto-oncogenes," and "cellular oncogenes, oncogenes," but none of these accurately reflect the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes.
In summary, proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes if they are mutated or activated. Several proto-oncogenes have been identified in normal cells, and when activated, they can turn into oncogenes, which can lead to the development of cancer.
Proto-oncogenes are normal genes in cells that regulate cell growth and division. However, if these genes are mutated or activated, they can become oncogenes, which promote uncontrolled cell growth and division, leading to the development of cancer. Several proto-oncogenes have been identified in normal cells, and when activated, they can turn into oncogenes, potentially leading to the transformation of the cells into cancer cells.
The correct sequence of words to complete the paragraph is "proto-oncogenes, oncogenes." The other options presented include "oncogenes, proto-oncogenes," "cellular oncogenes, proto-oncogenes," and "cellular oncogenes, oncogenes," but none of these accurately reflect the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes.
In summary, proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes if they are mutated or activated. Several proto-oncogenes have been identified in normal cells, and when activated, they can turn into oncogenes, which can lead to the development of cancer.
Which one of the following depresses brain activity and produces feeling of calmness, relaxation and drowsiness?- a)Hashish
- b)Morphine
- c)Amphetamines
- d)Valium
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following depresses brain activity and produces feeling of calmness, relaxation and drowsiness?
a)
Hashish
b)
Morphine
c)
Amphetamines
d)
Valium
|
|
Arun Khanna answered |
Valium (benzodiazepine) is a CNS depressant which is used to treat anxiety Amphetamine is a neuro stimulant. Hashsis is an illegal drug and connot be prescribed whereas morphine is a narcot is drug which is used under controlled conditions to releive moderate to severe pain.
What is the basic principle of immunisation and vaccination?- a)It is based on the number of B and T lymphocytes
- b)It is based on the property of memory of the immune system
- c)It is based on antigen-antibody interactions
- d)It is based upon the number of white blood cells
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the basic principle of immunisation and vaccination?
a)
It is based on the number of B and T lymphocytes
b)
It is based on the property of memory of the immune system
c)
It is based on antigen-antibody interactions
d)
It is based upon the number of white blood cells
|
|
Suresh Iyer answered |
The basic principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of memory of the immune system. When an immunised person is attacked by the pathogen, the existing bodies immediately attack the antigen while the memory T and B cells give rise to a massive crop of lymphocytes and antibodies.
Which one of the following immune system components does not correctly match with its respective role?- a)Interferons - secreted by virus-infected cells and protect non-infected cells from further viral infection
- b)B- lymphocytes - produce antibodies in response to pathogens into blood to fight with them
- c)Macrophages - mucus secreting cells that trap microbes entering in the body
- d)IgA - present in colostrum in early days of lactation to protect infant from diseases
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following immune system components does not correctly match with its respective role?
a)
Interferons - secreted by virus-infected cells and protect non-infected cells from further viral infection
b)
B- lymphocytes - produce antibodies in response to pathogens into blood to fight with them
c)
Macrophages - mucus secreting cells that trap microbes entering in the body
d)
IgA - present in colostrum in early days of lactation to protect infant from diseases
|
Ameya Majumdar answered |
Incorrect Immune System Component and Role Match
Explanation:
The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens. The immune system components and their respective roles are as follows:
a) Interferons - Secreted by virus-infected cells and protect non-infected cells from further viral infection. They stimulate the production of antiviral proteins that prevent the virus from replicating in healthy cells.
b) B-lymphocytes - Produce antibodies in response to pathogens into blood to fight with them. B-lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that recognizes and neutralizes specific pathogens by producing antibodies that bind to and destroy them.
c) Macrophages - Mucus-secreting cells that trap microbes entering in the body. This is an incorrect match as macrophages are actually white blood cells that engulf and digest foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, in a process called phagocytosis.
d) IgA - Present in colostrum in early days of lactation to protect infant from diseases. IgA is an antibody that is found in secretions such as tears, saliva, and breast milk. It helps to prevent pathogens from entering the body through the mucous membranes.
In conclusion, the correct match of immune system components and their respective roles is important to understand the functioning of the immune system and to develop effective strategies to combat diseases.
Explanation:
The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens. The immune system components and their respective roles are as follows:
a) Interferons - Secreted by virus-infected cells and protect non-infected cells from further viral infection. They stimulate the production of antiviral proteins that prevent the virus from replicating in healthy cells.
b) B-lymphocytes - Produce antibodies in response to pathogens into blood to fight with them. B-lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that recognizes and neutralizes specific pathogens by producing antibodies that bind to and destroy them.
c) Macrophages - Mucus-secreting cells that trap microbes entering in the body. This is an incorrect match as macrophages are actually white blood cells that engulf and digest foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, in a process called phagocytosis.
d) IgA - Present in colostrum in early days of lactation to protect infant from diseases. IgA is an antibody that is found in secretions such as tears, saliva, and breast milk. It helps to prevent pathogens from entering the body through the mucous membranes.
In conclusion, the correct match of immune system components and their respective roles is important to understand the functioning of the immune system and to develop effective strategies to combat diseases.
Which one of the following pairs of diseases is viral as well as transmitted by mosquitoes?- a)Encephalitis and sleeping sickness
- b)Yellow fever and sleeping sickness
- c)Elephantiasis and dengue
- d)Yellow fever and dengue
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following pairs of diseases is viral as well as transmitted by mosquitoes?
a)
Encephalitis and sleeping sickness
b)
Yellow fever and sleeping sickness
c)
Elephantiasis and dengue
d)
Yellow fever and dengue
|
|
Rishabh Verma answered |
Yellow fever and dengue are the pair of diseases that are viral and transmitted by mosquitoes.
Yellow Fever:
- Yellow fever is a viral disease caused by the yellow fever virus.
- It is primarily transmitted by the bite of infected female mosquitoes, especially the Aedes aegypti species.
- The virus is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and Central and South America.
- Symptoms of yellow fever include fever, headache, muscle pain, jaundice, and bleeding.
- In severe cases, it can lead to organ failure and death.
- There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, but a vaccine is available for prevention.
Dengue:
- Dengue is a viral disease caused by the dengue virus.
- It is transmitted by the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti.
- Dengue is common in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
- Symptoms of dengue include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding.
- In severe cases, it can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening.
- There is no specific treatment for dengue, but supportive care can help manage symptoms.
Viral Diseases Transmitted by Mosquitoes:
- Mosquitoes are known to transmit several viral diseases, including yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika virus, chikungunya, and West Nile virus.
- These viruses are primarily transmitted when a mosquito bites an infected person and then bites another person, transmitting the virus through its saliva.
- Mosquito-borne viral diseases are more common in tropical and subtropical regions where mosquito populations are abundant.
- The Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti, are the main vectors for these viral diseases.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, the pair of diseases that are both viral and transmitted by mosquitoes is yellow fever and dengue. Both diseases are caused by different viruses and are primarily transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.
Yellow Fever:
- Yellow fever is a viral disease caused by the yellow fever virus.
- It is primarily transmitted by the bite of infected female mosquitoes, especially the Aedes aegypti species.
- The virus is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and Central and South America.
- Symptoms of yellow fever include fever, headache, muscle pain, jaundice, and bleeding.
- In severe cases, it can lead to organ failure and death.
- There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, but a vaccine is available for prevention.
Dengue:
- Dengue is a viral disease caused by the dengue virus.
- It is transmitted by the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti.
- Dengue is common in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
- Symptoms of dengue include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding.
- In severe cases, it can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening.
- There is no specific treatment for dengue, but supportive care can help manage symptoms.
Viral Diseases Transmitted by Mosquitoes:
- Mosquitoes are known to transmit several viral diseases, including yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika virus, chikungunya, and West Nile virus.
- These viruses are primarily transmitted when a mosquito bites an infected person and then bites another person, transmitting the virus through its saliva.
- Mosquito-borne viral diseases are more common in tropical and subtropical regions where mosquito populations are abundant.
- The Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti, are the main vectors for these viral diseases.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, the pair of diseases that are both viral and transmitted by mosquitoes is yellow fever and dengue. Both diseases are caused by different viruses and are primarily transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.
The most abundant antibody produced against allergens is- a)lgE
- b)IgA
- c)IgC
- d)IgM
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The most abundant antibody produced against allergens is
a)
lgE
b)
IgA
c)
IgC
d)
IgM
|
|
Ankit Iyer answered |
lgE is the most abundant antibody produced against allergens
Allergens are substances that can trigger an allergic response in individuals who are sensitive or allergic to them. When allergens enter the body, they can bind to specific antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. IgE antibodies are produced by a type of white blood cell called B cells in response to exposure to allergens. These antibodies are particularly involved in allergic reactions.
Explanation:
There are five major classes of antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig): IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class of antibody has its own unique structure and function. Among these, IgE is the most abundant antibody produced against allergens.
Key Points:
- IgE is produced in response to allergen exposure.
- It plays a crucial role in allergic reactions by binding to allergens and triggering the release of chemicals such as histamine from mast cells and basophils.
- Histamine release leads to the typical symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as itching, swelling, redness, and increased mucus production.
- IgE antibodies are involved in allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, and atopic dermatitis (eczema).
- The production of IgE antibodies is tightly regulated to prevent unnecessary allergic reactions.
- Individuals with allergies often have higher levels of IgE antibodies in their blood compared to non-allergic individuals.
Conclusion:
In summary, IgE is the most abundant antibody produced against allergens. It plays a key role in allergic reactions by binding to allergens and triggering the release of chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. Understanding the role of IgE antibodies in allergic reactions is important for the development of diagnostic tests and targeted treatments for allergies.
Allergens are substances that can trigger an allergic response in individuals who are sensitive or allergic to them. When allergens enter the body, they can bind to specific antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. IgE antibodies are produced by a type of white blood cell called B cells in response to exposure to allergens. These antibodies are particularly involved in allergic reactions.
Explanation:
There are five major classes of antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig): IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class of antibody has its own unique structure and function. Among these, IgE is the most abundant antibody produced against allergens.
Key Points:
- IgE is produced in response to allergen exposure.
- It plays a crucial role in allergic reactions by binding to allergens and triggering the release of chemicals such as histamine from mast cells and basophils.
- Histamine release leads to the typical symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as itching, swelling, redness, and increased mucus production.
- IgE antibodies are involved in allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, and atopic dermatitis (eczema).
- The production of IgE antibodies is tightly regulated to prevent unnecessary allergic reactions.
- Individuals with allergies often have higher levels of IgE antibodies in their blood compared to non-allergic individuals.
Conclusion:
In summary, IgE is the most abundant antibody produced against allergens. It plays a key role in allergic reactions by binding to allergens and triggering the release of chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. Understanding the role of IgE antibodies in allergic reactions is important for the development of diagnostic tests and targeted treatments for allergies.
Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of- a)Alcohol
- b)Opium
- c)Cocaine
- d)Tobacco (Chewing)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of
a)
Alcohol
b)
Opium
c)
Cocaine
d)
Tobacco (Chewing)
|
Sadiya Siddique answered |
When our liver tries to break down alcohol, the resulting chemical reaction can damage its cells. This damage can lead to inflammation and scarring as the liver tries to repair itself leading to cirrhosis.thus,op A.
Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between- a)One heavy and one light chain
- b)Two heavy chains
- c)Two light chains
- d)Either between two light chains or between one heavy and one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between
a)
One heavy and one light chain
b)
Two heavy chains
c)
Two light chains
d)
Either between two light chains or between one heavy and one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen
|
Sonal Kulkarni answered |
Antibody consist one heavy and one light chain. The antigen binding site is present between one heavy and one light chain.
Which of the following pairs contains an infectious and a non-infectious disease respectively?- a)Typhoid and AIDS
- b)AIDS and cancer
- c)Pneumonia and malaria
- d)Cancer and malaria
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following pairs contains an infectious and a non-infectious disease respectively?
a)
Typhoid and AIDS
b)
AIDS and cancer
c)
Pneumonia and malaria
d)
Cancer and malaria
|
|
Janani Bose answered |
Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases are those that are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission such as direct contact, droplets, airborne, fecal-oral route, and vector-borne.
Non-infectious diseases are those that are not caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These diseases may have genetic, environmental, or lifestyle factors as their causes. Some examples of non-infectious diseases include cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
Answer Explanation
The pair that contains an infectious and a non-infectious disease respectively is option 'B', which is AIDS and cancer.
- AIDS is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and vertical transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
- Cancer, on the other hand, is a non-infectious disease that is caused by uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells in the body. It can be caused by genetic mutations, exposure to environmental factors such as tobacco smoke and ultraviolet radiation, and lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of physical activity.
Therefore, option 'B' is the correct answer as it contains one infectious disease (AIDS) and one non-infectious disease (cancer).
Infectious diseases are those that are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission such as direct contact, droplets, airborne, fecal-oral route, and vector-borne.
Non-infectious diseases are those that are not caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These diseases may have genetic, environmental, or lifestyle factors as their causes. Some examples of non-infectious diseases include cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
Answer Explanation
The pair that contains an infectious and a non-infectious disease respectively is option 'B', which is AIDS and cancer.
- AIDS is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and vertical transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
- Cancer, on the other hand, is a non-infectious disease that is caused by uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells in the body. It can be caused by genetic mutations, exposure to environmental factors such as tobacco smoke and ultraviolet radiation, and lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of physical activity.
Therefore, option 'B' is the correct answer as it contains one infectious disease (AIDS) and one non-infectious disease (cancer).
The antigen binding site of an antibody is present at- a)the constant region
- b)the C-terminal
- c)the variable region
- d)between constant and variable region
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The antigen binding site of an antibody is present at
a)
the constant region
b)
the C-terminal
c)
the variable region
d)
between constant and variable region
|
|
Mira Joshi answered |
Antibodies are made up of four polypeptide chains two heavy and two light chains. Light and heavy chains are subdivided into variable and constant regions. The variable portion is used for binding to antigen and a constant portion determines its adherence and diffusivity.
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Biology for Grade 12
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