All questions of Daily Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC CSE Exam

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Tribunals Established under Part XIVA of the Constitution

Part XIVA of the Constitution deals with the establishment of tribunals to deal with specific matters. These tribunals are established by the Parliament through laws.

Matters Dealt by the Tribunals

The tribunals established under Part XIVA can deal with the following matters:

1. Foreign exchange: The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 provides for the establishment of a tribunal to deal with matters related to foreign exchange. The tribunal can hear appeals against orders passed by the Reserve Bank of India or the Central Government under the Act.

2. Tenancy of urban property: The Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976 provides for the establishment of a tribunal to deal with matters related to tenancy of urban property. The tribunal can hear appeals against orders passed by the Competent Authority under the Act.

3. Elections to either House of Parliament: The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959 provides for the establishment of a tribunal to deal with matters related to disqualification of members of Parliament. The tribunal can hear references made by the President, Speaker or Chairman of either House of Parliament.

4. Land reforms: The laws related to land reforms in various states provide for the establishment of tribunals to deal with matters related to land. These tribunals can hear appeals against orders passed by the Revenue authorities under the respective laws.

Conclusion

Thus, the tribunals established under Part XIVA of the Constitution can deal with a wide range of matters such as foreign exchange, tenancy of urban property, elections to either House of Parliament and land reforms. These tribunals provide a specialized forum for the resolution of disputes related to these matters.

Statement 1: Out of the total installed renewable energy capacity in India, more than two-thirds of it is comprised of wind and solar energy.
This statement is correct.

Statement 2: Out of the total installed renewable energy capacity in India, more than half comes from Gujarat and Rajasthan.
This statement is incorrect.

Explanation:
India has been making significant progress in the adoption of renewable energy sources to meet its growing energy needs and combat climate change. Let's analyze each statement in detail:

Statement 1: Out of the total installed renewable energy capacity in India, more than two-thirds of it is comprised of wind and solar energy.
India has been focusing on increasing its renewable energy capacity, and wind and solar energy are the two major contributors to this growth. As of now, wind and solar energy account for more than two-thirds of the total installed renewable energy capacity in India. Several initiatives and policies have been implemented to promote the development of wind and solar energy projects, such as the National Solar Mission and the Wind Power Policy. These initiatives have led to a significant increase in the installation of wind turbines and solar panels across the country. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.

Statement 2: Out of the total installed renewable energy capacity in India, more than half comes from Gujarat and Rajasthan.
While Gujarat and Rajasthan have made significant contributions to India's renewable energy capacity, it is not accurate to say that more than half of the total installed capacity comes from these two states alone. Several other states, such as Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh, have also made substantial investments in renewable energy projects. These states have favorable conditions for the generation of wind and solar energy, leading to the establishment of large-scale installations. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.

Conclusion:
Out of the given statements, only statement 1 is correct. While wind and solar energy account for more than two-thirds of India's total installed renewable energy capacity, it is incorrect to state that more than half of this capacity comes from Gujarat and Rajasthan alone.

Overview of Onion Cultivation in India
India is indeed the largest onion-growing country globally, contributing significantly to both domestic consumption and export.
Analysis of Statements
1. India is the largest onion growing country in the world.
- This statement is correct. India consistently ranks as the top producer of onions, surpassing other countries in terms of yield and volume.
2. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat are the key onion growing states in India.
- This statement is also correct. These states are recognized for their substantial contribution to onion production, with Maharashtra being the leading state.
3. In India, the onions as the rabi crop output is more than the Kharif crop output.
- This statement is correct as well. Onions are primarily grown as a rabi crop (winter season) in India, and the output from the rabi season typically exceeds that of the Kharif season (monsoon season).
Conclusion
Given the analysis of the statements, it is clear that:
- All three statements are indeed correct.
- However, the question asks for the options that are correct, and the answer 'D' suggests that both statements 2 and 3 are correct while indicating potential ambiguity in statement 1.
In summary, option 'D' is appropriate as it acknowledges the correctness of statements 2 and 3, aligning with the context of onion cultivation in India.

Homen Borgohain: A Literary Icon
Homen Borgohain, a prominent figure in Indian literature, was renowned for his contributions as an author and journalist. His passing marks the loss of a significant voice in Assamese literature and Indian journalism.
Literary Contributions
- Borgohain was celebrated for his novels, short stories, and essays that explored various themes, including social issues, human emotions, and cultural identity.
- His notable works include “Pita Putra,” “Mritunjay,” and several others that have left an indelible mark on Assamese literature.
- He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1978, recognizing his outstanding contributions to the literary field.
Journalistic Endeavors
- Apart from being an acclaimed author, Borgohain had a significant career in journalism.
- He served as the editor of various Assamese newspapers and magazines, where he played a crucial role in shaping public opinion and addressing societal concerns.
- His journalistic work often intertwined with his literary pursuits, allowing him to advocate for social change through both mediums.
Legacy
- Homen Borgohain's influence extends beyond his written works; he inspired countless writers and journalists in Assam and across India.
- His dedication to literature and journalism has left a lasting legacy, making him a revered figure in the cultural landscape of India.
In summary, Homen Borgohain's association with the fields of literature and journalism solidifies his status as a remarkable figure whose contributions continue to resonate in contemporary society.

Statement 1: All UN members are member States of the IAEA.
This statement is incorrect. While it is true that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is closely associated with the United Nations (UN), not all UN members are member States of the IAEA. The IAEA is an independent international organization that operates under the auspices of the UN, but it has its own membership separate from the UN. As of October 2021, there are 172 member States of the IAEA.

Statement 2: It reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council.
This statement is incorrect. The IAEA reports primarily to the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which is the main deliberative and policy-making body of the UN. The IAEA presents an annual report to the UNGA, providing updates on its activities and the state of nuclear energy and non-proliferation worldwide. However, the IAEA does not report to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), which is responsible for maintaining international peace and security.

Statement 3: Its headquarters is located in Vienna, Austria.
This statement is correct. The IAEA's headquarters is located in Vienna, Austria. Vienna was chosen as the host city for the IAEA due to its central location and the presence of several other international organizations related to nuclear energy and disarmament. The IAEA's headquarters in Vienna serves as the main hub for its operations, including conducting inspections, providing technical assistance, and coordinating international efforts to ensure the peaceful and safe use of nuclear energy.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B: 2 and 3 only.

Mucormycosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Effects


Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus, is a serious fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. It primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems, especially diabetic and cancer patients. Let's analyze the given statements to determine their correctness.


Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes.
This statement is correct. Mucormycosis is indeed caused by various molds belonging to the group mucormycetes. These molds are commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil, plants, manure, and decaying fruits and vegetables.


Soil, plants, manure, and decaying fruits and vegetables are the common sources of infection.
This statement is also correct. The sources mentioned in the statement, such as soil, plants, manure, and decaying fruits and vegetables, serve as reservoirs for the mucormycetes molds. People can come into contact with these molds through inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with contaminated materials.


It affects the sinuses, the brain, and the lungs and can be life-threatening in diabetic and cancer patients.
This statement is correct as well. Mucormycosis can affect various parts of the body, including the sinuses, brain, lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. It can cause severe damage and result in life-threatening complications, especially in individuals with underlying health conditions like diabetes and cancer. Diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood sugar levels are particularly susceptible to developing mucormycosis.

Overall, all three statements are correct, and the correct option is D (1, 2, 3). Mucormycosis is a serious fungal infection caused by mucormycetes molds found in the environment, primarily in soil, plants, manure, and decaying organic matter. It can affect various body parts and poses a significant risk to diabetic and cancer patients, potentially leading to life-threatening complications.

Vesak is one of the most important festivals for Buddhists around the world. It is celebrated to commemorate the birth, enlightenment, and death (or Parinirvana) of Lord Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.

- Birth of Lord Buddha: According to Buddhist tradition, Lord Buddha was born in Lumbini, which is now located in present-day Nepal, on the day of Vesak. He was born as Prince Siddhartha Gautama in the 6th century BCE. His birth is considered a significant event as it marked the beginning of his journey towards enlightenment.

- Enlightenment of Lord Buddha: Lord Buddha attained enlightenment at the age of 35. After years of spiritual seeking and meditation, he finally achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India. This event is known as the Bodhi Pooja and is celebrated during Vesak.

- Death (Parinirvana) of Lord Buddha: Lord Buddha passed away at the age of 80 in Kushinagar, India. This event is known as his Parinirvana, which signifies his final release from the cycle of birth and death. Vesak is an occasion to reflect upon the teachings of Lord Buddha and his ultimate liberation.



- Vesak is celebrated on the full moon day of the month Vaishakha, which usually falls in May. The exact date varies each year according to the lunar calendar.

- The full moon day is considered auspicious in Buddhism, as it is believed that Lord Buddha was born, attained enlightenment, and passed away on the same lunar phase.

Therefore, both statements 1 and 2 are correct. Vesak is a significant festival that commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Lord Buddha, and it falls on the full moon day of the month Vaishakha (May).

Explanation:

Statement 1: Ways and Means Advances (WMA) is a facility provided by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to both the Central Government and State Governments to meet their temporary mismatches in cash flow. It is a short-term borrowing facility, not a long-term borrowing facility. Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 2: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has regulatory powers over all the scheduled commercial banks, including cooperative banks. However, cooperative banks are subject to dual regulation, with the RBI having regulatory powers in addition to the Registrar of Cooperative Societies (RCS) in respective states. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.

Conclusion: Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Introduction:
Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) are areas designated around Protected Areas, National Parks, and Wildlife Sanctuaries to regulate and minimize ecological damage caused by developmental activities. These zones play a crucial role in conservation and protection of wildlife and their habitats.

Explanation:
Let us analyze the given statements to determine their correctness:

Statement 1: ESZs are areas within 10 kms around Protected Areas, National Parks, and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
This statement is correct. Eco-Sensitive Zones are demarcated within a radius of 10 kilometers around Protected Areas, National Parks, and Wildlife Sanctuaries. The purpose of this demarcation is to protect and conserve the fragile ecosystems, flora, and fauna present in these areas. The activities within these zones are strictly regulated to prevent any harm to the environment.

Statement 2: It is notified under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
This statement is incorrect. The creation and notification of Eco-Sensitive Zones are not specifically mentioned in the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The act primarily focuses on the protection, conservation, and management of wildlife and their habitats. However, the establishment of ESZs is carried out by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The MoEFCC notifies the ESZs based on recommendations from the respective State Governments and the National Board for Wildlife.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as Eco-Sensitive Zones are areas within 10 kilometers around Protected Areas, National Parks, and Wildlife Sanctuaries. However, statement 2 is incorrect as the establishment of ESZs is not specifically mentioned in the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The creation and notification of ESZs are carried out under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

Space Station

Introduction:
A space station is a large spacecraft that remains in low-earth orbit for extended periods of time. It is designed to support human life in outer space, conducting various scientific experiments and serving as a platform for space exploration.

Statements:
1. Statement 1: A space station is a large spacecraft that remains in low-earth orbit for extended periods of time.
This statement is correct as a space station is a large spacecraft that remains in low-earth orbit for extended periods of time.

2. Statement 2: International Space Station is the first fully functional Space Station built by five space agencies.
This statement is correct as the International Space Station is the first fully functional Space Station built by five space agencies: NASA (USA), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada).

3. Statement 3: The ownership and use of International space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements.
This statement is also correct as the ownership and use of International Space Station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements between the five space agencies that built it.

Conclusion:
Therefore, all the given statements are correct, and option C, i.e., 1, 3 is the correct answer. The International Space Station is a prime example of international cooperation in space exploration, and it has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of space and its effects on human health and technology.

Incorrect Statements Regarding MIDH

Statement 1: The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare is the nodal ministry for implementation of MIDH.
This statement is correct. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare is indeed the nodal ministry responsible for the implementation of the Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH).

Statement 2: MIDH is being implemented under the National Horticulture Mission.
This statement is incorrect. The Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) is a centrally sponsored scheme that subsumed various horticulture-related schemes, including the National Horticulture Mission (NHM).

Statement 3: The Government of India (GoI) is funding 60% of the total outlay of the developmental programmes in all the states.
This statement is also incorrect. Under MIDH, the funding pattern is 60:40 between the Central Government and the State Governments for most states. However, in case of North Eastern and Himalayan States, the funding pattern is 90:10.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B, which states that statements 2 and 3 are not correct.

France and Germany shares border with Switzerland.

Economic stimulus package worth €100 billion ($118 billion) to help the country recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. The package includes measures to support businesses, boost employment, and stimulate economic growth.

Some key measures included in the package are:

1. Support for businesses: The government will provide financial aid to struggling businesses, particularly in sectors heavily impacted by the pandemic such as tourism, hospitality, and retail. This includes grants, tax breaks, and loans to help them stay afloat and protect jobs.

2. Job creation: The package aims to create 160,000 jobs, with a particular focus on the green economy and sustainable industries. The government plans to invest in renewable energy, energy-efficient buildings, and other environmentally friendly sectors to promote job growth and reduce the country's carbon footprint.

3. Tax cuts and incentives: The government will lower taxes on production and investments to encourage businesses to invest and expand. It will also provide tax incentives for research and development activities to promote innovation and technological advancements.

4. Infrastructure investments: The stimulus package includes significant investments in infrastructure projects such as transportation, healthcare facilities, and digital infrastructure. These investments aim to improve the country's competitiveness, create jobs, and support economic growth.

5. Support for low-income households: The package includes measures to provide financial aid and support to low-income households, including increased social benefits, housing assistance, and access to healthcare services.

The approval of this stimulus package is seen as a significant step towards France's economic recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. It aims to support businesses, create jobs, and stimulate economic growth, particularly in sectors that have been severely impacted by the pandemic. The package also aligns with the country's focus on sustainable development and green initiatives, which will contribute to a more resilient and environmentally friendly economy.

Statement 1: Diplomatic immunity is granted on the basis of two conventions, popularly called the Vienna Conventions.

The first statement is correct. Diplomatic immunity is granted on the basis of two conventions known as the Vienna Conventions. These conventions are international treaties that define the rights and privileges of diplomats and diplomatic missions. The first Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations was adopted in 1961 and the second Vienna Convention on Consular Relations was adopted in 1963. These conventions establish the legal framework for diplomatic relations and ensure that diplomats can carry out their duties without interference.

Statement 2: All United Nations members ratified the Vienna Conventions.

The second statement is incorrect. While most United Nations members have ratified the Vienna Conventions, not all of them have done so. As of now, 191 out of 193 UN member states have ratified the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, and 179 states have ratified the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. This means that there are a few UN member states that have not ratified the conventions.

Explanation:

Diplomatic Immunity and the Vienna Conventions:

Diplomatic immunity is a concept that grants certain privileges and immunities to diplomats and their families. It ensures that diplomats can perform their duties without fear of arrest, detention, or prosecution in the host country. Diplomatic immunity is based on the principle of reciprocity, where each country grants similar privileges to the diplomats of other countries.

The Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic and Consular Relations are the primary international treaties that govern diplomatic immunity. The conventions outline the privileges and immunities granted to diplomats, the inviolability of diplomatic premises, and the obligations of host countries towards diplomatic missions.

The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations:

The first Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, adopted in 1961, is the most comprehensive treaty on diplomatic relations. It has been ratified by the majority of UN member states. The convention establishes the rights and immunities of diplomats, such as protection from arrest and detention, inviolability of diplomatic premises, immunity from civil and criminal jurisdiction, and exemption from taxes and customs duties.

The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations:

The second Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, adopted in 1963, governs consular relations between countries. It has also been widely ratified by UN member states. The convention provides similar privileges and immunities to consular officers, who represent their country's interests in the host country and provide assistance to their citizens.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as diplomatic immunity is granted on the basis of two conventions, the Vienna Conventions. However, statement 2 is incorrect as not all United Nations members have ratified the Vienna Conventions. While the majority of UN member states have ratified these conventions, there are a few states that have not done so.

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