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All questions of Reproductive Health for Grade 12 Exam

Reproductive health includes:
  • a)
    Protection from STD’s, contraceptive and ARTs
  • b)
    Financial independence
  • c)
    Child education
  • d)
    Child and mother care only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pankaj Singh answered
Answer : 
  • a)
    Protection from STD’s, contraceptive and ARTs
Successful implementation of various action plans to attainreproductive health requires strong infrastructural facilities, professionalexpertise and material support. These are essential to provide medicalassistance and care to people in reproduction-related problems likepregnancy, delivery, STDs, abortions, contraception, menstrual problems,infertility, etc. Implementation of better techniques and new strategiesfrom time to time are also required to provide more efficient care andassistance to people. Statutory ban on amniocentesis (a foetal sexdetermination test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amnioticfluid surrounding the developing embryo) for sex-determination to legallycheck increasing female foeticides, massive child immunisation, etc., aresome programmes that merit mention in this connection.

Preventive birth control measure is__________.
  • a)
    Preventing sperms from entering uterus
  • b)
    Preventing union of ovum and sperm
  • c)
    Test-tube babies
  • d)
    MTP
Correct answer is 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
Preventive birth control measures is preventing sperms from entering the uterus.
Barrier methods of contraception: Diaphragms, Sponges, and Cervical caps that prevent the sperm from entering the uterine cavity.

Which of the following birth control measures can be considered as the safest?
  • a)
    Termination of unwanted pregnancy
  • b)
    The use of physical barriers
  • c)
    Sterilisation techniques
  • d)
    The rhythm method
Correct answer is 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sharvari Kuber answered
In sterilisation method method, tubectomy or vasectomy is used in which the fallopian tube and vas deferens are cut respectively. This prevents the transfer of sperms in males and ova in females for fertilisation permanently. So this is the safest method.

Which one of the following groups includes sexually transmitted diseases?
  • a)
    Gonorrhoea, Hepatitis B, Chlamydiasis
  • b)
    AIDS, Syphilis, Cholera
  • c)
    HIV, Malaria, Trichomoniasis
  • d)
    Hepatitis B, Haemophilia, AIDS
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Chandan Kumar answered
Option A is the correct answer ! you see option D is incorrect because heamophilia is a genetic disorder related to blood clot , whereas in option A all the diseases are sexually transmitted ! it contains all veneral diseases.

Saheli was developed by scientists at _______ in India.
  • a)
    Indian Institute of Science
  • b)
    Indian Institute of Technology
  • c)
    Central Drug Research Institute
  • d)
    Acropolis
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Snehal Khanna answered
Saheli is a contraceptive pill that was developed by scientists at the Central Drug Research Institute in India. It is a non-steroidal contraceptive pill that is effective in preventing pregnancy.

Details:
• Saheli was developed in the 1980s by a team of scientists at the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India.
• The team was led by Dr. Pramila Srivastava.
• Saheli is a non-steroidal contraceptive pill that contains a compound called Centchroman.
• Centchroman is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that acts as an anti-estrogen.
• It is effective in preventing pregnancy and has fewer side effects compared to other contraceptive pills.
• Saheli is also known as the "weekend pill" as it is taken only once a week.
• It has been approved for use in India and several other countries.
• Saheli is considered to be a breakthrough in contraceptive research and has been hailed as a safe and effective method of birth control for women.

Which one is not a sexually transmitted disease?
  • a)
    Syphilis
  • b)
    AIDS
  • c)
    Encephalitis
  • d)
    Genital herpes
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohan Singh answered
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) comprise a diverse group that includes blood-borne diseases, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and ulcerative lesions. Examples : Syphilis, Genital herpes, HIV /Aids

Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain. The majority of cases are caused by either a viral infection or the immune system mistakenly attacking brain tissue.

Which of the following contraceptive method is useful to control STD’s as well as unwanted pregnancy?
  • a)
    Tubectomy
  • b)
    Condom
  • c)
    Copper-T
  • d)
    Oral pills
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Om Desai answered
  • Condoms are protective covering of penis that do not allow the passage of semen into vagina of female during sexual intercourse.
  • This contracetive prevents the fusion of body fluid of male and female and protect from STDs.

In ET technique the embryo is transferred into _________.
  • a)
    Always fallopian tube
  • b)
    Always uterus
  • c)
    Fallopian tube or uterus
  • d)
    Ovary
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikita Singh answered
In ET (embryo transfer) technique, in vitro fertilized embryo is transferred into the fallopian tube or uterus for further development.
  • In this type of technique, male and female gametes are fused outside the mother's body. It is used either when the male cannot produce enough sperms to fertilize the ovum or the females can not release ova for the purpose.
  • After the embryo reaches 8 celled stages, known as the morula, it is transferred to the female fallopian tubule. If it is in the 16 celled stages, known as blastomere, it is transferred directly to the female uterus
Embryo Transfer technique:
Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: topic “INFERTILITY” of chapter: Reproductive Health of NCERT.

Now a day, there is less childless couple. This is due to_________.
  • a)
    Assisted reproductive technologies
  • b)
    Awareness among the couples
  • c)
    Educated population
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Hansa Sharma answered
The couples can be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called the assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
The applications of reproductive technology are:
(i) Test tube baby
(ii) Artificial insemination technique (AIT)
(iii) Gamete intra Fallopian transfer (GIFT)
(iv) lntra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Disease or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called?
  • a)
    Venereal disease
  • b)
    Fungal disease
  • c)
    Bacterial disease
  • d)
    Viral disease
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Answer : 
  • a)
    Venereal disease
Diseases or infection which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called 
sexually transmitted disease or venereal disease or reproductive tract infections
.

Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Family planning programmes were initiated in 1951
(ii) According to WHO, reproductive health means total well being in the physical, social, behavioural and emotional aspects of reproduction
(iii) Saheli was developed at CDRI in Lucknow
(iv) Amniocentesis should not be banned as it is a foetal sex determination test
  • a)
    (i) and (ii)
  • b)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • c)
    (i), (ii) and (ii)
  • d)
    (iii) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Dev Patel answered
In India, family planning programmes were initiated in 1951 at a national level to attain total reproductive health as a social goal. According to World Health Organization (WHO), reproductive health means total well-being of an individual in the physical, social behavioural and emotional aspects of reproduction "Saheli', an oral contraceptive pill for the females was developed by scientists at Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow. Amniocentesis is being misused to determine the sex of the foetus and kill the normal female foetuses. Therefore, it should be legally banned to avoid female foeticide

The technique involving the transfer of ovum of a donor female into the fallopian tube of a recipient female is called
  • a)
    GIFT
  • b)
    IVF-ET
  • c)
    IUT
  • d)
    ZIFT
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Iyer answered
Gamete Intrafallopian transfer (GIFT):
It is a technique that involves the transfer of gamete (ovum) from a donor into the fallopian tube of the recipient female who is unable to produce eggs, but has the ability to conceive and can provide right conditions for the development of an embryo.

Identify mechanical contraceptive in figure below.
  • a)
    Female condom
  • b)
    Loop
  • c)
    Cervical cap
  • d)
    Male condom
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ruchi Chopra answered
Female condom is a mechanical contraceptive similar to condom used by male. It prevents the meeting of ovum with sperm as well as provide protection against STDs.

Amniocentesis is a method to_________.
  • a)
    Detect genetic disorder
  • b)
    Medical termination of pregnancy
  • c)
    Fertilize the egg
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash Menon answered
Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic procedure that involves the removal of a small amount of amniotic fluid from the sac surrounding the fetus. This procedure is performed during the second trimester of pregnancy, typically between the 15th and 20th week.

Detection of Genetic Disorders:

The main purpose of amniocentesis is to detect genetic disorders in the developing fetus. The amniotic fluid contains cells shed by the fetus, which can be analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities or genetic mutations. This information can help parents and healthcare providers prepare for the birth of a child with a genetic disorder.

Procedure:

During the procedure, a thin needle is inserted through the belly into the amniotic sac, where a small amount of amniotic fluid is collected. The procedure is guided by ultrasound imaging to ensure that the needle is safely inserted and to monitor the fetus during the procedure. The collected fluid is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Risks:

Although amniocentesis is generally considered safe, there are some risks involved. These include a small risk of miscarriage or infection, as well as the possibility of injury to the fetus or mother during the procedure. However, the benefits of amniocentesis in detecting genetic disorders often outweigh these risks.

In conclusion, amniocentesis is a valuable tool for detecting genetic disorders during pregnancy, and it can help parents and healthcare providers make informed decisions about the care and treatment of the developing fetus.

Indian population is_________________.
  • a)
    Mature population
  • b)
    Young population
  • c)
    Ageing population
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Maya Gupta answered
Lactational amenorrhea is a natural form of birth control that occurs when a woman is breastfeeding. It is caused by the hormones that are released during breastfeeding, which suppress ovulation. This means that women who are breastfeeding may not ovulate and therefore may not have a menstrual period for a period of time after giving birth.

Maximum Period after Parturition:

The maximum period after parturition during which lactational amenorrhea can prevent chances of fertilization is six months. After this time, the hormones that suppress ovulation begin to decrease, and the chances of ovulation and subsequent fertilization increase. Therefore, women who rely on lactational amenorrhea as a form of birth control should use another method of contraception after six months postpartum.

Effectiveness:

Lactational amenorrhea can be an effective form of birth control if certain conditions are met. These conditions include:

- The woman is exclusively breastfeeding, meaning that she is not giving the baby any other food or drink besides breast milk.
- The baby is less than six months old.
- The woman has not had a menstrual period since giving birth.

If these conditions are met, lactational amenorrhea can be up to 98% effective in preventing pregnancy. However, if any of these conditions change (for example, if the woman begins to supplement with formula or if the baby becomes older than six months), the effectiveness of lactational amenorrhea may decrease.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, lactational amenorrhea is a natural form of birth control that can be effective for up to six months postpartum. Women who rely on lactational amenorrhea as a form of birth control should be aware of its limitations and should use another form of contraception after the six-month period has ended.

From the sexually transmitted diseases mentioned below, identify the one which does not specifically affect the sex organs:
  • a)
    AIDS
  • b)
    Genital warts
  • c)
    Syphilis
  • d)
    Gonorrhoea
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajeev Saxena answered
Syphilis, gonorrhoea and genital warts as STD caused by Treponemapallidum ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae and human papilloma virus. These pathogens directly infectand damage sex organs causing ichting fluid discharge, slight pain and swelling of genitalia. AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is a set of symptoms caused by HIVvirus in humans. It is transmitted through sexual contacts from infected to healthy person. The HIV virus does not directly affect sex organs as such but produce other set of symptoms in the body of infected person. 

Identify the intra-uterine contraceptive device from the figure given below
  • a)
    Copper-T
  • b)
    Loop
  • c)
    LNG-20
  • d)
    Progestasert
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The above figure is of tha intra uterine divide that is copper T. It is one of the copper releasing iuds. The released cu2+ ions suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms.

In human female, menstruation can be deferred by the administration of______________.
  • a)
    Combination of estrogen and progesterone
  • b)
    FSH only
  • c)
    LH only
  • d)
    Combination of FSH and LH
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Gaurav Kumar answered
Menstruation can be deferred by the administration of combination of hormone estrogen and progesterone. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are produced during ovulation.

_________involve the transfer of embryo at 8-celled stage in the fallopian tube of female.
  • a)
    POST
  • b)
    ZIFT
  • c)
    IVF 
  • d)
    GIFT
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Akanksha Das answered
ZIFT (Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer) involves the transfer of an embryo at the 8-celled stage into the fallopian tube of a female. This is a type of assisted reproductive technology used to treat infertility.

Process of ZIFT:
The process of ZIFT involves the following steps:

1. Ovarian Stimulation: The female patient is given medication to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.

2. Egg Retrieval: The eggs are retrieved from the ovaries using a needle guided by ultrasound.

3. Fertilization: The eggs are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory dish to create embryos.

4. Embryo Transfer: The embryos are transferred into the fallopian tube through a laparoscopic procedure.

5. Pregnancy Test: The patient is monitored for pregnancy through a blood test or ultrasound.

Advantages of ZIFT:
1. Higher Success Rates: ZIFT has higher success rates compared to traditional IVF methods.

2. Natural Implantation: The embryo is transferred into the fallopian tube, which is a natural environment for implantation, increasing the chances of pregnancy.

3. Fewer Multiple Pregnancies: ZIFT reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies compared to other assisted reproductive technologies.

Disadvantages of ZIFT:
1. Invasive Procedure: ZIFT requires a laparoscopic procedure, which is an invasive procedure that carries risks.

2. Limited Availability: ZIFT is not widely available in all fertility clinics.

3. Higher Cost: ZIFT is more expensive than traditional IVF methods.

Conclusion:
ZIFT is a type of assisted reproductive technology that involves transferring an embryo at the 8-celled stage into the fallopian tube of a female. It has higher success rates compared to traditional IVF methods and reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies. However, it is an invasive procedure that is not widely available and is more expensive than traditional IVF methods.

Study of human population is called as?
  • a)
    Anthropology
  • b)
    Sociology
  • c)
    Ethnology
  • d)
    Demography
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Preventing Transmission of STDs

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread through sexual contact. The following measures can help in preventing the transmission of STDs:

Using Condoms during Intercourse
Using condoms is one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of STDs during sexual activity. Condoms act as a barrier and reduce the risk of infection. They should be used consistently and correctly to maximize their effectiveness.

Avoiding Sex with Multiple Partners
Having sex with multiple partners increases the risk of contracting STDs. Limiting sexual partners or being in a mutually monogamous relationship can decrease the risk of transmission.

Visiting a Qualified Doctor if Symptoms are Observed
If an individual experiences symptoms such as genital sores, abnormal discharge, or pain during urination, they should visit a qualified doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the spread of STDs.

Not Sharing Shaving Blades with Friends
Sharing personal items such as shaving blades, towels, or underwear can increase the risk of transmission of STDs. It is important to use personal items and avoid sharing them with others to prevent the spread of infection.

Conclusion
Preventing the transmission of STDs is crucial for maintaining sexual health. Using condoms, limiting sexual partners, seeking medical attention if symptoms are observed, and avoiding sharing personal items can all help decrease the risk of infection.

Which period of menstrual cycle is called risky period of conception?
  • a)
    7th to 13th day
  • b)
    17th to 25th day
  • c)
    3rd to 7th day
  • d)
    10th to 17th day
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

The risky period of conception in the menstrual cycle is the ovulation period, which occurs around the 14th day of a 28-day menstrual cycle.

Explanation:
- Menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible.
- The menstrual cycle is typically 28 days long, but can vary from 21 to 35 days.
- The cycle is divided into three phases: the follicular phase (days 1-14), ovulation (day 14), and the luteal phase (days 15-28).
- Ovulation is the process where an egg is released from the ovary and travels down the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm.
- Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle.
- The period around ovulation is considered the risky period of conception, as it is the time when the egg is available to be fertilized by sperm.
- Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, so the fertile window for conception is actually the five days leading up to ovulation, as well as ovulation day itself.
- Therefore, the risky period of conception is considered to be from the 10th to the 17th day of the menstrual cycle (assuming a 28-day cycle).

Induced abortion is also called
  • a)
    MTP
  • b)
    PID
  • c)
    SID
  • d)
    IUD
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajat Kapoor answered
MTP is Medical Termination of Pregnancy. It also called induced abortion. It is the medical way of getting rid of unwanted pregnancy. Any qualified gynecologist (MD/DGO) can perform MTP. Any MBBS Doctor, who has obtained training in MTP, is allowed to perform this procedure. However, MTP should always be performed at a place recognized by government authorities.

A test-tube baby means a baby born when
  • a)
    It is developed by tissue culture method.
  • b)
    The ovum is fertilised externally and thereafter implanted in the uterus.
  • c)
    It is developed in a test tube
  • d)
    It develops from a non-fertilised egg.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
Test tube bay production involves two main steps - in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET). Historically the first attempt to produce the test tube baby was by an Italian scientise Petrucci (1959). In his experiment he removed an ovum from a patient and put it in the middle of spermatozoa in a glass dome. One of the sperms fertilized the egg and a small embryo formed, but this survived only for 29 days.

However Petrucci's experiment opened up a new horizon and a new hope for infertile parents. In recent years two British scientists Edwards and Steptoe have done pioneering work in the field of test tube babies. The first scientifically recorded test tube baby in the world was born on July 25 1978 and the baby girl was named Louise Joy Brown.

In our country the first recorded instane of a test tube baby was under the supervision of Dr. Indira Hinduja in KEM Hospital Bombay in 1986. Subsequently test tube babies have been reported by Dr. Baidyanath Chakravarthi of Calcutta.

What is the procedure for sterilization in males?
  • a)
    Vasectomy
  • b)
    Tubectomy
  • c)
    Decapitation
  • d)
    Circumcision
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Riya Banerjee answered
Vasectomy is the procedure used to sterilize males. It involves the removal of a part of vas deferens or it being tied up through an incision on the scrotum.

Absence of menstruation during period of intense lactation following parturition is called as?
  • a)
    Coitus interruption
  • b)
    Mellitus
  • c)
    Lactational amenorrhea
  • d)
    Lactationalgonorrhea
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nilotpal Gupta answered
During intense lactation just after the delivery the menstrual cycle get stopped and there is no chance of pregnancy. This absence of menstruation is called lactational amenorrhea.

Female hired to develop the in-vitro fertilized egg of another female to maturity is called?
  • a)
    Biological mother
  • b)
    Step-mother
  • c)
    Feeding mother
  • d)
    Surrogate mother
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Awantika Gupta answered
Surrogacy is a method that another female bears zygote of another fused gametes.
it is liagalised when mother can't provide proper environment for developing of embryo.

Which of the following are the reasons for population explosion?
(i) Increased health facilities
(ii) Rapid increase in MMR
(iii) Rapid increase in IMR
(iv) Rapid decrease in MMR
(v) Decrease in number of people reaching reproductive age
  • a)
    (i) and (iv)
  • b)
    (iii) and (v)
  • c)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • d)
    (i) and (v)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Sengupta answered
Rapid increase in population over a relatively short period of time is called population explosion. Reasons for population explosion are increased health facilities, decrease in MMR (maternal mortality rate), and IMR (infant mortality rate) and increase in number of people reaching reproductive age.

Which of the following is the correct reason for delivering sex education at schools?
  • a)
    Discouraging myths and misconceptions
  • b)
    Encouraging rise in population
  • c)
    Solve the issue of global warming
  • d)
    Promote myths
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Manoj Majumdar answered
Importance of Sex Education in Schools

Sex education is a critical aspect of education that should be delivered in schools to help students understand human sexuality and sexual behavior. The correct reason for delivering sex education in schools is to discourage myths and misconceptions. Here are some of the reasons why sex education is necessary in schools:

1. Preventing Unwanted Pregnancies: Sex education helps students understand how to protect themselves from unintended pregnancies. It provides information on different contraceptive methods, their effectiveness, and how to use them correctly.

2. Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Sex education helps students understand how to protect themselves from STIs. It provides information on how STIs are transmitted, their symptoms, and how to prevent them.

3. Encouraging Healthy Relationships: Sex education helps students understand the importance of healthy relationships. It provides information on how to build healthy relationships, how to communicate effectively, and how to recognize signs of an unhealthy relationship.

4. Reducing Sexual Violence: Sex education helps students understand the importance of consent and how to recognize sexual violence. It provides information on how to report sexual violence and where to seek help.

5. Overcoming Stigma: Sex education helps students overcome stigma and discrimination related to sexuality. It provides information on different sexual orientations and gender identities, and how to respect and accept diversity.

Conclusion

Sex education is an essential aspect of education that helps students make informed decisions about their sexual health and behavior. It provides information on how to protect themselves from unintended pregnancies, STIs, and sexual violence. It also encourages healthy relationships and respect for diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to deliver sex education in schools to discourage myths and misconceptions.

Contraceptive oral pills help in birth control by:
  • a)
    By preventing ovulation
  • b)
    Killing the sperm
  • c)
    Killing the ova
  • d)
    Forming barrier between sperm and ova
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ankit Patel answered
Oral contraceptive pills are a type of hormonal birth control method that contain synthetic versions of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. These hormones work together to prevent pregnancy in several ways:

Preventing Ovulation
- The primary way that contraceptive pills prevent pregnancy is by preventing ovulation. Ovulation is the process in which an egg is released from the ovary and can be fertilized by sperm. By taking the pill regularly, the hormones in the pill signal to the body that ovulation has already occurred, which prevents the release of an egg. Without an egg, there is no chance of fertilization and pregnancy cannot occur.

Thickening Cervical Mucus
- In addition to preventing ovulation, contraceptive pills also thicken the cervical mucus. The cervix is the opening at the bottom of the uterus that leads to the vagina. Normally, the cervical mucus is thin and watery, which allows sperm to swim through it and reach the egg. However, when a woman is taking contraceptive pills, the hormones in the pill cause the cervical mucus to thicken and become more viscous, making it more difficult for sperm to penetrate and reach the egg.

Altering the Uterine Lining
- Lastly, contraceptive pills can also alter the lining of the uterus. The lining of the uterus is where a fertilized egg implants and grows into a fetus. The hormones in the pill can change the lining of the uterus to make it less hospitable to a fertilized egg, making it less likely that a pregnancy will occur even if an egg is released and fertilized.

By working together in these ways, contraceptive pills are highly effective at preventing pregnancy when taken correctly and consistently.

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is considered safe up to how many weeks of pregnancy?
a)Six weeks
b)Eight weeks
c)Twelve weeks
d)Eighteen weeks
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vijay Bansal answered
Twelve weeks
Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion. MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., upto 12 weeks of pregnancy. Second trimseter abortions are much more risker. 

Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion. MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., upto 12 weeks of pregnancy. Second trimseter abortions are much more risker. 

What test is used to determine the sex of the fetus?
  • a)
    Amniocentesis
  • b)
    Amyliodogenesis
  • c)
    Amnionic
  • d)
    Fluidic
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Iyer answered
Fetal sex determination is based on the patterns of chromosomes in the amniotic fluid present around the embryo. Hence this test is called amniocentesis.

The world population is ________
  • a)
    rising
  • b)
    declining
  • c)
    stabilized
  • d)
    unpredictable
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Riya Banerjee answered
The global population is rising exponentially. It increased from 2 billion in 1900 to 6 billion in 2000 and has currently crossed 10 billion.

Saheli is______.
  • a)
    A surgical sterilization
  • b)
    An oral contraceptive for females
  • c)
    A diaphragm for females
  • d)
    A diaphragm for male
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Diya Datta answered
Saheli is an oral contraceptive for females contain non-steroidal preparation. It is different from the other pills as it should be taken once in a week irrespective of daily in case of other pills.

The birth control device used by women is /are
  • a)
    diaphragm
  • b)
    condom
  • c)
    copper T
  • d)
    all of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Gaurav Kumar answered
Diaphragm and Copper Tare used by women. Condon are oenerallv used by males although female condom are called femidoms are also available.

Which of the following is not the correct reason for the use of MTP?
  • a)
    Get rid of unwanted pregnancy
  • b)
    Terminate pregnancies that are fatal to mother
  • c)
    Terminate pregnancies that are fatal to foetus
  • d)
    Female foeticide
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Hansa Sharma answered
 The purpose of MTP is to prevent an unwanted pregnancy that could have arisen due to casual unprotected coitus or incorrect use of contraceptive or due to rapes. They are also aimed at rescuing mothers from fatal pregnancies or from preventing parents from the shocks and expenses of a fatal fetus. They are not designed for female foeticide. Hence female foeticide has been illegalized by the Government of India.

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
There are different methods for Birth control. They are contraceptives (natural or traditional), IUD. Oral contraceptive injectables, implants and surgical methods. Surgical methods are permanent methods of family planning. The methods are operative procedures. MTP (Medical termination of Pregnancy) is voluntary or intentional abortion, performed to end pregnancy before the completion of full term. MTP is mainly meant for removing unsustainable pregnancies.
In the following questions a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Surgical method of contraception prevent gamete formation.
Reason (R): Castration cannot be considered as a contraception option.
  • a)
    Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
  • b)
    Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
  • c)
    Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
  • d)
    Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Harshath Kumar answered
Gametes are formed even after surgical removal method (vasectomy, Tubectomy) as we have only removed the tubes from surgery which just function in transfer the formed gametes to the target site.
Hence formation of gametes takes place in surgical method.
Castration is the removal of testis. It decreases the testosterone level as a result the man will lose interest in sex drive as a result interfering in one's sexual behavior..

IUDs are small objects made up of plastic or copper that are inserted in the uterine cavity. Which of the following statements are correct about IUDs ?
(a) IUDs decrease phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus.
(b) The released copper ions suppress sperm motility.
(c) IUDs do not make the cervix hostile to the sperm.
(d) IUDs suppress the fertilization capacity of sperm.
(e) The IUDs require surgical intervention for their insertion in the uterine cavity.
  • a)
    (a), (d) and (e) only
     
  • b)
    (b) and (c) only
  • c)
    (b) and (d) only
  • d)
    (d) only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The correct answer is C: (b) and (d) only.

- (b) The released copper ions suppress sperm motility: Copper IUDs release copper ions that are toxic to sperm, reducing their motility, which is crucial for fertilization prevention.
- (d) IUDs suppress the fertilization capacity of sperm: IUDs create an environment that hinders sperm survival and fertilization, contributing to their contraceptive effectiveness.

Therefore, these two statements accurately reflect the mechanisms by which IUDs function as contraceptives.

Which two of the following statements are incorrect regarding in vitro fertilization?
(i) In this method, ova from the wife/donor female and sperms from the husband/donor male are induced to form zygote in the uterus.
(ii) If the embryo is having 2 blastomeres, it is transferred into the uterus.
(iii) If the embryo is with more than 8 blastomeres, it is transferred into the uterus.
(iv) The baby thus produced is called test tube baby.
  • a)
    (iii) and (iv)
  • b)
    (i) and (ii)
  • c)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • d)
    (i) and (iv)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Priya Menon answered
In-vitro fertilization technique essentially involves the fusion of ovum and sperm outside the body of the female. The zygote is allowed to develop in-vitro and embryo with 6-8 blastomere is transferred into the uterus. the baby thus developed is called test tube baby.
(i) In IVF, ova from the wife/donor female and sperm from the husband/donor male are induced to form zygote in the test-tube or in-vitro.
(ii) Embryo with 2 blastomeres is not transferred into the uterus. It is allowed to develop.
(iii) If the embryo has achieved 6-8 blastomeres, it is tranferred into the uterus for implantation.
(iv) The baby thus developed is called the test tube baby.

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