To manufacture ethanol from starch, Saccharomyces is used.

Explanation:

Saccharomyces is a genus of yeast that is commonly used in the production of ethanol from starch. It is a type of fungus that can ferment sugars and convert them into ethanol through a process called alcoholic fermentation.

Alcoholic fermentation is an anaerobic process, meaning it occurs in the absence of oxygen. During this process, Saccharomyces yeast breaks down the starch into simpler sugars, such as glucose and fructose, and then converts these sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Here is a detailed explanation of the process:

1. Saccharification: Starch, which is a complex carbohydrate, needs to be broken down into simpler sugars before it can be fermented. This is done through the process of saccharification, where enzymes called amylases are used to break down the starch molecules into glucose molecules.

2. Fermentation: Once the starch is converted into glucose, it can be fermented by Saccharomyces yeast. The yeast cells metabolize the glucose and convert it into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process is carried out in large fermentation tanks under controlled conditions of temperature, pH, and nutrient availability.

3. Distillation: After fermentation, the mixture contains ethanol, water, and other impurities. To separate the ethanol from the mixture, a process called distillation is used. Distillation involves heating the mixture to evaporate the ethanol, which is then condensed and collected as a concentrated solution.

4. Purification: The collected ethanol undergoes further purification processes to remove any remaining impurities, such as water, acids, and aldehydes. This ensures that the ethanol meets the required standards for use as a fuel or in other applications.

In summary, Saccharomyces yeast is used to manufacture ethanol from starch through the process of alcoholic fermentation. The yeast breaks down the starch into glucose, which is then converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The ethanol is then separated and purified to obtain the final product.

Saccromyces