How to find the bond order of Benzene?

Question

Answer

《》The six π electrons go into the three bonding orbitals. This is the π bond order for 6 C-C bonds. For one C-C π bond, BO = 3/6 = 0.5. For a single C-C bond in benzene, the total BO = σ + π = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5.......

Answer

Answer

The six π electrons go into the three bonding orbitals. This is the π bond order for 6 C-C bonds. For one C-C π bond, BO = 3/6 = 0.5. For a single C-C bond in benzene, the total BO = σ + π = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5

Answer

Introduction:
The bond order of benzene refers to the average number of chemical bonds between carbon atoms in the benzene molecule. Determining the bond order helps in understanding the stability and reactivity of benzene. To find the bond order of benzene, we need to consider its molecular structure and the concept of resonance.

Benzene Structure:
Benzene is a six-membered ring molecule consisting of alternating carbon-carbon (C-C) single bonds and carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C). It has a delocalized π electron system above and below the plane of the molecule.

Resonance in Benzene:
The resonance structure of benzene represents the distribution of π electrons throughout the molecule. Benzene exhibits resonance because the π electrons are not localized between individual carbon atoms, but rather delocalized over the entire ring. This gives benzene its unique stability and reactivity.

Bond Order Calculation:
To determine the bond order of benzene, we need to calculate the number of bonds between carbon atoms in the molecule.

1. Identify the π bonds:
In benzene, there are three π bonds present. These π bonds are formed by the overlap of p orbitals on adjacent carbon atoms. Each π bond consists of two electrons.

2. Count the number of π electrons:
Since each π bond contains two electrons, we have a total of 6 π electrons in benzene (3 π bonds x 2 electrons per bond).

3. Divide the number of π electrons by the number of carbon atoms:
Benzene contains six carbon atoms. Dividing the total number of π electrons (6) by the number of carbon atoms (6) gives us a bond order of 1.

Conclusion:
The bond order of benzene is 1, indicating that there is an average of 1 bond between each pair of carbon atoms in the molecule. The concept of resonance in benzene allows for the delocalization of π electrons, resulting in its unique stability and reactivity.

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