Understanding the Answer:

In order to explain the answer, let's break down the given statement and analyze it step by step.

The statement suggests that there is a distinction between two ways of knowing: knowing by parts and knowing the whole as a whole. It further suggests that knowing by parts is science, while knowing the whole as a whole is philosophy.

Explanation:

1. Knowledge of parts is science:
This means that when we have knowledge about individual parts or components of a system or subject, it falls under the domain of science. Science often involves breaking down complex phenomena into smaller parts to understand and explain them. By studying the individual parts, we can gain knowledge about their properties, behavior, and interactions.

2. Knowing by parts is science:
This emphasizes the process of acquiring knowledge by studying and understanding the individual parts or components of a system. By examining each part separately, we can gain a deeper understanding of its characteristics and functions. This approach is scientific in nature as it involves systematic observation, experimentation, and analysis.

3. To know by parts is science:
This phrase reiterates the fact that the process of acquiring knowledge by focusing on individual parts or components is considered scientific. It emphasizes that understanding the parts is essential to understanding the whole.

4. Knowing the whole as a whole is philosophy:
This part of the statement suggests that when we aim to comprehend the whole system or subject as a unified entity, it falls under the realm of philosophy. Philosophy is concerned with fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and more. It seeks to understand the underlying principles and interconnectedness of various parts or aspects of reality.

Conclusion:

Based on the given statement, the correct answer is option 'B' - "Knowing by parts is science." This answer encapsulates the idea that acquiring knowledge by focusing on individual parts or components is a scientific approach. Conversely, understanding the whole as a unified entity is considered a philosophical endeavor.