The correct answer is option 'B' - Phosphorus.

Explanation:

Sedimentary rocks make up the Earth's crust, which is the outermost layer of the Earth. These rocks are formed through the accumulation and consolidation of sediments over time. Sedimentary rocks are rich in various nutrients, including phosphorus.

Here is a detailed explanation of why phosphorus is found in the Earth's crust and considered a sedimentary type of nutrient:

1. Importance of Phosphorus:
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for all living organisms as it plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is a vital component of DNA, RNA, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which are essential for the growth, development, and energy metabolism of organisms.

2. Phosphorus Cycle:
The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through different spheres of the Earth, including the lithosphere (Earth's crust). It involves weathering of rocks, erosion, sedimentation, and the biological uptake and release of phosphorus.

3. Phosphorus in Sedimentary Rocks:
Phosphorus is primarily present in sedimentary rocks in the form of phosphate minerals, such as apatite. These minerals contain high concentrations of phosphorus, making sedimentary rocks a reservoir of this nutrient.

4. Weathering and Erosion:
Over time, natural processes like weathering and erosion break down rocks, releasing phosphorus into the soil and water. This phosphorus-rich sediment gets transported and deposited in bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans.

5. Sedimentation:
The deposited sediment undergoes compaction and cementation, eventually forming sedimentary rocks. During this process, phosphorus remains trapped within the rock structure, making it available for future use.

6. Geological Time Scale:
The formation of sedimentary rocks is a slow process that occurs over millions of years. Therefore, the phosphorus present in these rocks represents the accumulation of phosphorus over geological time scales.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Earth's crust, composed of sedimentary rocks, serves as a reservoir for various nutrients, including phosphorus. Phosphorus is essential for life and is found in sedimentary rocks in the form of phosphate minerals. The slow process of sedimentation and geological time scales contribute to the enrichment of phosphorus in the Earth's crust.