- Hopes:
- The kisan community hoped for relief from oppressive land revenue policies and exploitative practices by landlords.
- They aspired for fair and just treatment in terms of land ownership and cultivation rights.
- Struggles:
- Many peasants faced excessive taxes and had to give away a substantial portion of their produce as rent to landlords.
- They were burdened with heavy debts and lacked access to credit facilities.
- The kisan community often faced eviction from their lands and had limited opportunities for economic and social mobility.


- Hopes:
- The working class aimed for improved working conditions, better wages, and reduced working hours.
- They sought protection against exploitation by factory owners and employers.
- Struggles:
- Workers faced long hours of labor, low wages, and unsafe working conditions.
- They were often subjected to inhumane treatment, including physical abuse and verbal harassment.
- Lack of job security and limited access to basic amenities further added to their struggles.


- Hopes:
- The youth aspired for political freedom, the right to self-governance, and an end to British colonial rule.
- They sought opportunities for education, employment, and social progress.
- Struggles:
- Limited access to quality education and employment opportunities hindered the growth and development of the youth.
- They faced restrictions on political participation and were often subjected to arbitrary arrests and imprisonment.
- The youth struggled to find avenues for expressing their aspirations and contributing to the nation-building process.


- Reasons:
- The Chauri Chaura incident in 1922, where a group of protesters attacked and burned a police station, resulting in the death of 22 policemen, led to a change in the course of the movement.
- Mahatma Gandhi believed in non-violence and was deeply disturbed by the violence in Chauri Chaura.
- He felt that the movement had lost its non-violent character and that it was necessary to call off the movement to prevent further bloodshed.
- Impact:
- The withdrawal of the non-cooperation movement disappointed many supporters and activists who were actively involved in the movement.
- The decision to withdraw led to a temporary setback in the struggle for independence, as it halted the momentum and enthusiasm generated by the movement.
- However, the non-cooperation movement played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses, fostering a sense of unity, and raising awareness about the need for freedom and self-governance.
- It also laid the foundation for future movements and inspired the Indian National Congress to adopt a more radical approach in its fight against British rule.