Different Social Groups that Joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921:

1. Students
2. Peasants
3. Workers
4. Middle-class
5. Women

Hopes and Struggles of Students, Peasants, and Workers in Joining the Non-Cooperation Movement:

Students:
- The hope was to show their dissatisfaction with the British education system and to demand more opportunities for Indian education.
- The struggle was to fight against the oppression of the British and to gain more freedom for India.

Peasants:
- The hope was to gain more rights and to end the unfair treatment of the British landlords.
- The struggle was to fight against the high taxes and the British monopoly on the economy.

Workers:
- The hope was to gain better working conditions and more rights in the factories.
- The struggle was to fight against the exploitation of the British factory owners and to demand more freedom for Indian workers.

Explanation:

The Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921 was a significant event in Indian history that unified various social groups under a common goal of gaining more freedom and rights from the British oppressors. Students, peasants, workers, middle-class, and women all joined the movement for various reasons, but they all shared a common goal of ending British rule in India.

Students joined the movement to show their dissatisfaction with the British education system and to demand more opportunities for Indian education. They believed that the British education system was not catering to the needs of Indian students and was limiting their potential. By joining the Non-Cooperation Movement, they hoped to gain more freedom for Indian education and to show their support for the Indian independence movement.

Peasants joined the movement to gain more rights and to end the unfair treatment of the British landlords. They were tired of the high taxes and the British monopoly on the economy, which left them with very little control over their own lives. By joining the Non-Cooperation Movement, they hoped to demand their rights and to gain more freedom from British oppression.

Workers joined the movement to gain better working conditions and more rights in the factories. They were tired of the exploitation of the British factory owners, who treated them like machines rather than human beings. By joining the Non-Cooperation Movement, they hoped to demand their rights and to gain more freedom for Indian workers.

In conclusion, the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921 was a significant event in Indian history that brought various social groups together under a common goal of ending British rule in India. Students, peasants, and workers all joined the movement for various reasons, but they all shared a common hope of gaining more freedom and rights from the British oppressors.

Different social groups which joined the non-Cooperation Movement of 1921 are given below:

(i) Middle class people: Teachers and students, merchants and traders and Lawyers.

(ii) Countryside peasants

(iii) Tribal peasants

(iv) Plantation workers in Assam

(v)Nai and Dhobi.

1. Middle class people:

(i) Teachers and students: Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and college students in large member joined the movement. Headmasters and teachers resigned from the colleges established by the government. New educational institutes such as jamia Milia Islamia and Kashi Vidyapitha were established.

(ii) Merchants and traders: Merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. They joined the movement because the boycott of foreign goods would make the sale of their textiles and handlooms go up.

(iii) Lawyers: Lawyers gave up their legal practice.

2. Country side peasants:

Though the people in the country side interpreted the idea of Swaraj' in their own way but they participated in the movement on large scale. In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi. The movement here was against talukdars and landlords who demanded high rents from peasants, and a number of other cesses. Peasants demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of beggar and social boycott of oppressive landlords. As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted and grain hoards were taken over. In several places, local leaders told peasants that Gandhiji had declared that no taxes were to be paid and land was to be redistributed among the poor

3. Tribal peasants: Most of the tribal people were dependent on forest for their livelihood but under the new forest policy, government had put many restrictions on the people like:

• Closing large forest area for the tribal people,

• Forcing the local people to contribute beggar,

• Preventing people to enter forest to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits.

4. Plantation workers in Assam: For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed. It also meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.

• Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859. plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission

• When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left plantations and head home

• They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.

5. Nal and dhobi: the movement in the countryside had different angle. In many places Nai-dhobi bandhs were organized by the Panchayats to deprive the landlords of the services of barbers, cobblers, washer men etc.