D is the correct answer Mahatma Gandhi followed a novel method of mass agitation that practised in South Africa applied the same concept in Indian National Movement

Introduction:
Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement, adopted a novel method of fighting against the British rule in India. Instead of resorting to violence or destructive means, he promoted the principles of non-violence, peaceful demonstration, satyagraha, and open defiance of unjust laws.

Non-Violence and Peaceful Demonstration:
Gandhi firmly believed in the power of non-violence as a means of resistance. He urged Indians to peacefully protest against British rule through demonstrations, strikes, and boycotts. He organized numerous peaceful marches and satyagrahas, including the famous Salt March in 1930, where thousands of Indians marched to the Dandi beach to protest the British salt tax.

Satyagraha:
Satyagraha, a term coined by Gandhi, means "truth force" or "soul force." It involved the use of nonviolent resistance to fight against injustice. Gandhi encouraged Indians to practice civil disobedience and non-cooperation with British authorities. Satyagrahis would willingly face arrests, imprisonment, and even violence without retaliating, effectively exposing the unjust nature of British rule.

Open Defiance of Unjust Laws:
Gandhi openly defied and protested against unjust laws imposed by the British. He encouraged Indians to disobey these laws nonviolently, thus highlighting their oppressive nature. This defiance included acts such as non-payment of taxes, boycotts of British goods, and refusal to cooperate with British institutions. By openly challenging these laws, Gandhi aimed to create awareness and mobilize public support for the Indian independence movement.

Effectiveness of Gandhi's Methods:
Gandhi's novel methods of non-violence, peaceful demonstration, satyagraha, and open defiance of unjust laws were highly effective in mobilizing the Indian masses and gaining international attention for the Indian independence movement. His approach not only showcased the moral high ground of the Indian people but also appealed to the conscience of the British rulers and the international community.

Conclusion:
Mahatma Gandhi's novel methods of fighting against the British, including non-violence, peaceful demonstration, satyagraha, and open defiance of unjust laws, played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence. His principles and tactics inspired millions and continue to be revered worldwide as a testament to the power of peaceful resistance in achieving social and political change.