An important evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurrence ofa)Analogous and vestigial organsb)Homologous organs onlyc)Homologous and analogous organsd)Homologous and vestigial organsCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

D) Homologous and vestigial organs because Homologous organs show that the organism on Earth are related to its ancestors.
Vestigial organs are those organs which are functioning in ancestors but not now in there next generation for example, In ancestors of human beings
vestigial organs like vermiform appendix is in function but not in there next generation that is in today's human beings but this organ are present in there body.

Answer

Homologous organs show same ancestry which somehow proves that organisms on earth are related hence proving organic evolution.
Vestigial organs are those which were functional in primitive forms but in advanced forms are of no use.
For example in humans, nictitating membrane is vestigial as we don't live in water but it also shows that our ancestors might have evolved in water and then turned to land with advancement.

Answer

Correct answer is option 'D'

Answer

Introduction:
Organic evolution is the process by which species change over time, giving rise to new species. It is supported by various lines of evidence, including the occurrence of homologous and vestigial organs.

Homologous Organs:
- Homologous organs are those that have a similar basic structure but may have different functions.
- These organs suggest a common ancestry among different species.
- For example, the forelimbs of vertebrates, such as humans, bats, and whales, have the same basic bone structure despite their different functions.
- This indicates that these organisms share a common ancestor with a similar forelimb structure.

Analogous Organs:
- Analogous organs are those that have similar functions but different structures.
- These organs suggest adaptation to similar environmental conditions rather than a common ancestry.
- For example, the wings of birds and insects have similar functions (flight), but they have different underlying structures.
- This indicates that these organisms have independently evolved the ability to fly in response to similar environmental pressures.

Vestigial Organs:
- Vestigial organs are those that have reduced or no function in a particular species but have a significant function in its ancestors.
- These organs suggest that the species has evolved from ancestors in which the organ had a purpose.
- For example, the appendix in humans is considered a vestigial organ as it has no known function but is believed to have played a role in digestion in our ancestors.

Importance of Homologous and Vestigial Organs:
- Homologous organs provide evidence for common ancestry among different species.
- The presence of homologous organs with similar basic structures suggests that these species share a common ancestor.
- Vestigial organs provide evidence for evolutionary change over time.
- The presence of vestigial organs in a species indicates that it has evolved from ancestors in which the organ had a function.
- The vestigial organ may have lost its function due to changes in the environment or the evolution of new adaptations.

Conclusion:
The occurrence of both homologous and vestigial organs provides strong evidence in favor of organic evolution. Homologous organs suggest common ancestry among different species, while vestigial organs suggest evolutionary change over time. These observations support the idea that species have evolved from common ancestors and have undergone adaptations in response to changing environmental conditions.

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