ImmunoglobulinE( igE ) are antibiotic produced by the immune system. if any one has allergy , his immune system over reacts to an allergen by producing antibodies called igE . these antibodies travel to cells that release chemicals, causing an allergic reactions.

The Role of Immunoglobulins in Allergy

Allergy is an immune response to typically harmless substances, such as pollen, food, or pet dander. Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by the immune system to recognize and neutralize foreign substances. Among the five types of immunoglobulins, IgE is responsible for causing allergy.

IgE and Allergic Reactions

IgE is a type of immunoglobulin that binds to allergens, such as pollen or dust mites, and triggers the release of histamine and other inflammatory molecules from mast cells and basophils. This process, called degranulation, leads to the symptoms of allergy, such as sneezing, runny nose, itching, swelling, and breathing difficulties.

IgE also plays a role in the development of allergic sensitization, which is the process by which the immune system becomes hypersensitive to a specific allergen. When a person is exposed to an allergen for the first time, their immune system produces IgE antibodies against it. These antibodies then bind to mast cells and basophils, priming them for subsequent encounters with the allergen. Upon re-exposure, the allergen crosslinks the IgE antibodies on the mast cells and basophils, leading to degranulation and allergy symptoms.

Diagnostic Tests for IgE-Mediated Allergy

Several diagnostic tests are available to detect IgE-mediated allergy, including skin prick test, serum-specific IgE test, and oral food challenge. In a skin prick test, a small amount of allergen extract is placed on the skin, and a needle is used to prick the skin to allow the extract to enter the skin. If the person is allergic to the extract, a raised, red, itchy bump will appear within 15 minutes. In a serum-specific IgE test, a blood sample is taken and tested for the presence of IgE antibodies against specific allergens. In an oral food challenge, the person ingests small amounts of a suspected food allergen under medical supervision to confirm or rule out an allergy.

Conclusion

In summary, IgE is the immunoglobulin responsible for causing allergy by binding to allergens and triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory molecules from mast cells and basophils. Diagnostic tests for IgE-mediated allergy include skin prick test, serum-specific IgE test, and oral food challenge.