The Gudem rebellion spread in response to Gandhiji's Non-Cooperation Movement. In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920s under the leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju.

Introduction:
The tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh launched a militant guerrilla movement known as the "Rampa Rebellion" in the 1920s. This movement was a response to the oppressive conditions faced by the tribal peasants under the British colonial rule.

Causes of the Rampa Rebellion:
1. Land Alienation: The tribal peasants in the Gudem Hills were being dispossessed of their ancestral lands by the British colonial administration. The fertile lands were being taken over by non-tribal landlords and revenue farmers, leaving the indigenous population without a means of sustenance.

2. Forest Policies: The British authorities imposed strict forest policies that restricted the access of tribal communities to the rich natural resources of the region. This further impoverished the tribal peasants who relied on the forests for their livelihoods.

3. Exploitative Labor Practices: The tribal peasants were subjected to unfair labor practices by the non-tribal landlords and moneylenders. They were often forced into bonded labor and faced exploitative working conditions.

The Rampa Rebellion:
1. Guerrilla Tactics: The tribal peasants of Gudem Hills resorted to militant guerrilla tactics to resist the oppressive conditions. They formed armed groups and launched attacks on the British authorities, revenue collectors, and landlords. Their aim was to reclaim their lands and achieve freedom from exploitation.

2. Leadership: The rebellion was led by Alluri Sitarama Raju, a charismatic leader who mobilized the tribal peasants and inspired them to fight for their rights. Raju's leadership played a crucial role in uniting the tribal communities and galvanizing them into action.

3. Symbolic Actions: The rebels targeted symbols of British authority such as police stations, revenue offices, and railway lines. By attacking these symbols, they aimed to disrupt the functioning of the colonial administration and send a message of defiance.

4. Suppression and Legacy: The British colonial authorities responded with a heavy hand, deploying armed forces to suppress the rebellion. However, the Rampa Rebellion had a lasting impact on the consciousness of the tribal communities in the region. It became a symbol of resistance and inspired future movements for land rights and tribal empowerment.

Conclusion:
The Rampa Rebellion launched by the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills was a militant guerrilla movement that aimed to reclaim their lands and resist the exploitative conditions imposed by the British colonial administration. Through their acts of defiance, the tribal peasants left a legacy of resistance and inspired future generations to fight for their rights.