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Protonema is :
  • a)
    haploid and is found in mosses
  • b)
    diploid and  is found in liverworts
  • c)
    diploid and is found in pteridophytes
  • d)
    haploid and is found in pteridophytes
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Protonema is :a)haploid and is found in mossesb)diploid and is found i...

  • A protonema is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the haploid phase) of a bryophyte (e.g., Funaria) life cycle. When a moss first grows from the spore, it grows as a protonema which develops into a leafy gametophore. 
  • Moss spores germinate to form an alga-like filamentous structure called the protonema. It represents juvenile gametophyte. While the protonema is growing by apical cell division, at some stage, under the influence of the phytohormone cytokinin, buds are induced which grow by three-faced apical cells. 
  • These give rise to gametophores, stems and leaf-like structures (bryophytes do not have true leaves (megaphyll). These gametophores are the adult form of the gametophyte. 
  • Protonema are characteristic of all mosses and some liverworts but is absent from hornworts. The protonema is also the photosynthetic part of a germinating fern spore.
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    Protonema is :a)haploid and is found in mossesb)diploid and is found i...
    ¥¥¥The first stage is the protonema stage, which develops directly from a spore. It is a creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage. The second stage is the leafy stage, which develops from the secondary protonema as a lateral bud. It consists of upright, slender axes bearing spirally arranged leaves attached to the soil through multicellular and branched rhizoids. This stage bears the sex organs.

    ----))So, the correct answer is 'Haploid and is found in mosses'.
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    Gametophyte is a dominant phase in the life cycle of a bryophyte. It is more conspicuous, long living, independent, green and freely branched whereas, the sporophytic phase is short lived and dependent upon the gametophyte. The main plant body is haploid and bears sex organs i.e., antheridium and archegonium. Antheridium produces a large number of flagellated male gametes called antherozoids and archegonium is flask shaped with tubular neck and swollen venter. The gametophytic plant body of bryophytes is thalloid in liverworts whereas foliose in mosses. In liverworts, the thallus is differentiated into a dorsal photosynthetic and ventral storage region. In mosses, the gametophyte has two growth stages- protonema stage and leafy stage or gametophore.Q. Plants which produce spores and embryo but lack vascular tissue and seeds are

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    Protonema is :a)haploid and is found in mossesb)diploid and is found in liverwortsc)diploid and is found in pteridophytesd)haploid and is found in pteridophytesCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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    Protonema is :a)haploid and is found in mossesb)diploid and is found in liverwortsc)diploid and is found in pteridophytesd)haploid and is found in pteridophytesCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for NEET 2024 is part of NEET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. Information about Protonema is :a)haploid and is found in mossesb)diploid and is found in liverwortsc)diploid and is found in pteridophytesd)haploid and is found in pteridophytesCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Protonema is :a)haploid and is found in mossesb)diploid and is found in liverwortsc)diploid and is found in pteridophytesd)haploid and is found in pteridophytesCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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