Correct Answer:-D(Establishment of first textile mill,. Khilafat Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Bengal Famine- 1...3...4...2)



1--The first Indian cotton cloth mill was established in 1818 at Fort Gloaster near Kolkata,The first Indian cotton cloth mill was established in 1818 at Fort Gloaster near Kolkata.


2--Under the British Raj, India suffered countless famines. But the worst hit was Bengal Famine of 1943. The first of these was in 1770, followed by severe ones in 1783, 1866, 1873, 1892, 1897 and lastly 1943.
The Great Bengal Famine of 1943 took a heavy toll of life. The root cause of the famine lay in a series of crop failures that Bengal experienced from 1938 and in the conditions created by the Second World War. The normal import of rice from Burma stopped and the trade and movement of food grains was dislocated because of controls and nearness of Bengal to the theatre of war in the East. This famine might be called "more man-made than an act of God." Man exploited the situation created by nature and war.

3--The Khilafat Movement, which began in 1919, brought the Muslims and the Hindus on a common platform against the British rule, was the most important cause of the Non - Cooperation Movement.
 Turkey had aligned itself in the First World War with Germany - led Axis powers that were defeated by Great Britain - led Allied powers. The political - conscious Muslims were critical of British and their allies treatment of the Turkish (Ottoman) Empire that had divided it and properly removed Thrace from Turkey.
 The Muslims also regarded the Sultan of Turkey as the Caliph or the religious head of the Muslims and they strongly felt that his position over the Muslim religious places should not be undermined.
 Under the leadership of the Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali), Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani, and countrywide Khilafat agitation, a Khilafat Committee was soon formed. The All - India Khilafat Conference held in November 1919 in Delhi decided to withdraw all government cooperation if the government did not meet its demands.

4--The Second Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Gandhiji on March 12, 1930 with his famous Dandi March. Together with 78 chosen followers, Gandhiji walked nearly 200 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a village on the Gujarat sea-coast. Here Gandhiji and his followers made salt in violation of the salt laws.
The act of making salt was a symbol of the Indian people's refusal to live under British-made laws or under the British rule.
The movement now spread rapidly. Everywhere in the country, people joined strikes, demonstrations, and the campaign to boycott foreign goods and to refuse to pay taxes.
The movement reached the extreme north-western corner of India and stirred the brave and hardy Pathans.
Under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffer Khan, popularly known as "the Frontier Gandhi", the Pathans organized the society of Khudai Khidmatgars (or Servants of God), known popularly as Red Shirts.
Nagaland produced a brave heroine i.e. Rani Gaidinliu who at the age of 13 responded to the call of Gandhiji and the Congress and raised the banner of rebellion against foreign rule.
The young Rani was captured in 1932 and sentenced to life imprisonment. She wasted her bright youthful years in the dark cells of various Assam jails, to be released only in 1947 by the Government of free India.

The correct chronological order of the given events is:
1. Establishment of the first textile mill
2. Bengal Famine
3. Khilafat Movement
4. Civil Disobedience movement

Now let's understand the significance and chronology of each event:

1. Establishment of the first textile mill:
The establishment of the first textile mill in India marked the beginning of the industrialization process in the country. The first textile mill was set up in 1854 in Bombay (now Mumbai) by Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davar. This event played a crucial role in shaping India's economy and transforming it from an agrarian society to an industrial one.

2. Bengal Famine:
The Bengal Famine occurred in 1943 during World War II. It was a man-made disaster resulting from a combination of factors such as British policies, war-induced inflation, hoarding of food, and the Japanese occupation of Burma (now Myanmar), which disrupted the supply of rice to Bengal. The famine led to the death of millions of people and caused widespread suffering and starvation.

3. Khilafat Movement:
The Khilafat Movement was a pan-Islamic movement launched in 1919 by Indian Muslims to protest against the dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate by the British after World War I. The movement aimed to protect the political and religious rights of Muslims in India and show solidarity with the Muslim world. It gained significant support from Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. However, the movement gradually lost its momentum and eventually faded away by the mid-1920s.

4. Civil Disobedience movement:
The Civil Disobedience movement, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was a major mass movement against British colonial rule in India. It was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 to protest against the British monopoly on salt production and the imposition of salt taxes. The movement gained widespread participation from Indians across different regions and social groups. It involved acts of nonviolent civil disobedience, such as the Dandi March and the boycott of British goods. The movement played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses and raising awareness about India's struggle for independence.

In conclusion, the correct chronological order of the given events is 1, 3, 4, 2. The establishment of the first textile mill preceded the Khilafat Movement, which was followed by the Civil Disobedience movement. Finally, the Bengal Famine occurred during World War II.