Human beings have XX_XY sex determination system. In this, the males have XY sex chromosomes. They produce two types of gametes having X and Y chromosome. The females have XX chromosome. They produce only one type of gamete having X chromosome. The sex of a child is determined by the type of chromosome he/she receiving from thefather. If sperm is having X chromosome, then the child will be a girl. If sperm is having Y chromosome, then the chilld will be a boy. The Y chromosome carries factors responsible for triggering male development. The X chromosome carries factors responsible for triggering female development

Sex determination is the process by which an individual's sex is determined, either as male or female. This process is regulated by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Genetic Basis of Sex Determination

The sex of an individual is determined by the presence of sex chromosomes. In humans, females have two X chromosomes (XX) while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The Y chromosome carries the SRY gene, which triggers the development of male gonads in the embryo. If this gene is absent or non-functional, the embryo develops as a female.

Sex Determination in Other Organisms

In some organisms, sex is not determined by sex chromosomes. For example, in birds, sex is determined by the presence of Z and W chromosomes, where ZZ individuals are male and ZW individuals are female. In reptiles, the temperature at which the eggs are incubated can determine the sex of the offspring.

Environmental Factors

In some species, environmental factors can also play a role in sex determination. For example, in some fish, the ratio of male to female offspring is influenced by the temperature of the water. In turtles, the sex of the offspring is determined by the temperature at which the eggs are incubated.

Conclusion

Sex determination is a complex process that is regulated by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Understanding the mechanisms of sex determination is important in fields such as genetics, medicine, and conservation biology.