Introduction:
Alternating current (AC) is the type of current that constantly changes its direction. It is widely used for transmitting electrical power over long distances due to its ability to be easily converted to different voltages and reduced losses. AC is transmitted at high voltage and low current, which offers several advantages over other transmission methods.

High Voltage:
AC is transmitted at high voltages for several reasons:

1. Reduced Energy Losses: When electricity is transmitted over long distances, there are energy losses due to resistance in the transmission lines. These losses are proportional to the square of the current and inversely proportional to the resistance. By transmitting at high voltage and low current, the resistance losses can be significantly reduced, resulting in more efficient power transmission.

2. Voltage Drop Compensation: As electricity travels through transmission lines, there is a natural voltage drop due to the resistance of the lines. By transmitting at high voltage, the initial voltage is higher, compensating for the voltage drop and ensuring that the receiving end still receives an adequate voltage for its intended use.

3. Cost Efficiency: High-voltage transmission requires fewer conductors compared to low-voltage transmission for the same power transfer. This reduces the material and installation costs of the transmission lines.

Low Current:
AC is transmitted at low current for the following reasons:

1. Reduced Power Losses: As mentioned earlier, power losses in transmission lines are proportional to the square of the current. By transmitting at low current, the power losses are minimized, resulting in more efficient power transmission.

2. Safety: High currents can be dangerous and result in higher heat dissipation in the conductors. By transmitting at low current, the risk of electrical accidents and associated hazards is reduced.

3. Equipment Size and Cost: High currents require larger and more expensive equipment to handle the power transmission. By transmitting at low current, the size and cost of transformers, circuit breakers, and other equipment can be reduced.

Conclusion:
To transmit alternating current to distant places efficiently, it is transmitted at high voltage and low current. This transmission method minimizes energy losses, compensates for voltage drops, reduces power losses, improves safety, and is cost-effective. By understanding the advantages of transmitting AC at high voltage and low current, efficient power transmission systems can be designed and implemented to meet the energy demands of distant places.