Difference between pollination and fertilization ?

Question

Answer

Answer

Pollination is a physical process . Pollination is the deposition of pollen grains on the stigma of a flower .it is an external mechanism .

Fertilization is cellular , genetic and biochemical process . Fertilization is the process in which fusion of male and female gamete and form zygote . It is a internal mechanism .

Answer

Pollination:

Pollination is the process by which pollen grains are transferred from the male reproductive part of a flower (anther) to the female reproductive part (stigma) of the same or a different flower. It is a crucial step in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants, ensuring the transfer of genetic material between individuals.

Types of Pollination:

1. Self-pollination: Occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or to another flower on the same plant. This can happen in plants with both male and female reproductive organs.

2. Cross-pollination: Involves the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different plant of the same species. It promotes genetic diversity and is more common in plants that have separate male and female individuals.

Agents of Pollination:

1. Wind: Some plants, such as grasses and many trees, rely on wind to carry their lightweight and abundant pollen grains to other flowers.

2. Insects: Bees, butterflies, moths, and other insects are attracted to flowers by their colors, scent, and nectar. As they visit flowers to collect nectar, pollen grains adhere to their bodies and are transported to other flowers they visit.

3. Birds and Bats: These animals are attracted to brightly colored flowers and feed on their nectar. While drinking nectar, pollen grains stick to their bodies and are carried to other flowers.

4. Water: In some aquatic plants, pollination occurs through the transfer of pollen grains by water currents.

Fertilization:

Fertilization is the fusion of the male and female gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote, which develops into an embryo. It occurs after successful pollination and involves the transfer of genetic material from the pollen to the ovule.

Steps of Fertilization:

1. Pollen Tube Formation: After pollination, a pollen grain germinates on the stigma and grows a long tube called the pollen tube. This tube extends down the style and reaches the ovule.

2. Double Fertilization: Within the ovule, the pollen tube releases two sperm cells. One sperm cell fuses with the egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote. The other sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei in the ovule to form a triploid endosperm, which provides nourishment to the developing embryo.

3. Embryo Development: The zygote develops into an embryo, and the ovule develops into a seed. The seed contains the embryo, endosperm, and protective seed coat.

Significance of Pollination and Fertilization:

- Pollination ensures the transfer of genetic material, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation in plants.
- Fertilization leads to the formation of seeds, which are essential for plant reproduction and propagation.
- Both processes are crucial for the continuation of plant species and the production of fruits and seeds that serve as food sources for animals and humans.
- They contribute to the overall biodiversity and ecological balance of ecosystems.
- Pollinators, such as

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