Commensalism and Symbiosis

Commensalism and symbiosis are two types of ecological interactions between different species. While commensalism refers to a relationship where one species benefits while the other is unaffected, symbiosis is a broader term that encompasses relationships where both species benefit, or at least one benefits and the other is unaffected.

Commensalism
In commensalism, one species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited. It is a type of relationship where only one species benefits, while the other remains unaffected. This means that there is no negative impact on the second species, but it also does not receive any benefits.

Symbiosis
On the other hand, symbiosis is a more inclusive term that describes relationships where two species live closely together and interact with each other over a long period of time. Symbiotic relationships can be beneficial, where both species benefit, or one-sided where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.

Useful Interaction
The correct answer to the question is option 'B', which states that symbiosis occurs when the interaction is useful to both populations. In a symbiotic relationship, both species involved derive some benefit from their interaction. This could include increased access to resources, protection, or improved reproductive success.

Examples of Symbiotic Relationships
There are various examples of symbiotic relationships in nature. One well-known example is the relationship between bees and flowers. Bees benefit from the nectar and pollen they collect from flowers, which serves as food for them. At the same time, bees unintentionally help in pollinating the flowers, aiding in their reproduction.

Another example is the relationship between clownfish and sea anemones. Clownfish live among the tentacles of sea anemones, which provides them with protection from predators. In return, the clownfish help the sea anemones by removing parasites and providing them with food in the form of leftover scraps.

These examples illustrate how symbiotic relationships can be mutually beneficial, with both species involved receiving advantages from their interaction.

In conclusion, symbiosis occurs when the interaction between two species is beneficial to both populations. Commensalism, on the other hand, describes a relationship where one species benefits while the other is unaffected.

B option is the right one. Mutualism is + and +.
example lichen both fungi and algae benefited.