Polarization is the distortion of the shape of an anion by the cation....
(A) Higher is the charge, higher is the polarization power.
For example, the decreasing order of the polarization power is :-
SiCl4 > AlCl3 > MgCl2 > NaCl
(B) Smaller cation has more polarization power.
For example, the decreasing order of polarization power is :-
LiCl > NaCl > KCl > RbCl > CsCl
(C) Lower is the radius of the cation, lower is the size of the cation and higher is the polarisation power.
(D) The term polarisation power is applicable to the cation and the term polarizability is applicable to anion.
So, statement (A & B) is correct...
$$Hope it's help... $$
Polarization is the distortion of the shape of an anion by the cation....
Polarization and its effects:
Polarization refers to the distortion of the shape of an anion (negative ion) by the cation (positive ion) in an ionic compound. This phenomenon occurs due to the unequal distribution of electrons between the cation and anion. The extent of polarization depends on the size and charge of the ions involved.
Correct statement:
(C) A smaller anion is likely to undergo a high degree of polarization.
Explanation:
1. Maximum polarization is done by a cation of high charge:
This statement is incorrect. The degree of polarization is primarily influenced by the size of the ions involved, rather than the charge. When a cation approaches an anion, the positive charge of the cation attracts the electrons of the anion, causing a distortion in its shape. However, the extent of this distortion is determined by the size of the ions rather than their charge.
2. A large cation is likely to bring a large degree of polarization:
This statement is partially incorrect. A large cation can induce polarization in an anion, but the degree of polarization is primarily influenced by the size of the anion. When a large cation approaches a small anion, the difference in size between the two ions leads to a greater distortion in the shape of the anion. Therefore, the size of the anion is a more important factor in determining the degree of polarization.
3. A smaller anion is likely to undergo a high degree of polarization:
This statement is correct. A smaller anion is more likely to undergo a higher degree of polarization when it interacts with a cation. As mentioned earlier, when a cation approaches an anion, the positive charge of the cation attracts the electrons of the anion. Since smaller anions have a higher electron density, they can be more easily distorted by the positive charge of the cation, resulting in a higher degree of polarization.
4. Minimum polarization is done by a cation of small charge:
This statement is incorrect. The charge of the cation does not have a significant impact on the degree of polarization. The size of the ions involved is the primary factor that determines the degree of polarization. Therefore, a cation of small charge can still induce a high degree of polarization if it interacts with a smaller anion.
In summary, the correct statement is (C) A smaller anion is likely to undergo a high degree of polarization, as the size of the anion plays a crucial role in determining the extent of distortion caused by the cation.
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