Károly Ereky (German: Karl Ereky; October 20, 1878 – June 17, 1952) is the father of biotechnology. He was a Hungarian agricultural engineer. The term 'biotechnology' was coined by him in 1919.

**Father of Biotechnology:**

The father of biotechnology is Paul Berg. He is an American biochemist and molecular biologist who made significant contributions to the development of the field of biotechnology. Paul Berg was born on June 30, 1926, in New York City, United States. He is renowned for his pioneering work on recombinant DNA technology.

**Contributions of Paul Berg:**

1. **Recombinant DNA Technology:** One of Paul Berg's major contributions to biotechnology is his development of recombinant DNA technology. In the early 1970s, he successfully combined DNA from different sources to create recombinant DNA molecules. This breakthrough allowed scientists to manipulate the genetic material of organisms and paved the way for numerous advancements in the field of biotechnology.

2. **Ethical Guidelines:** Paul Berg also played a crucial role in establishing ethical guidelines for the use of recombinant DNA technology. He organized the Asilomar Conference in 1975, where scientists gathered to discuss the potential risks and benefits of manipulating genetic material. This conference led to the establishment of safety protocols and guidelines to ensure the responsible use of recombinant DNA technology.

3. **Insulin Production:** Another significant contribution of Paul Berg is his work on the production of insulin using recombinant DNA technology. He collaborated with Genentech, a biotechnology company, to develop a method for producing human insulin in bacteria. This breakthrough enabled the mass production of insulin, leading to improved treatment options for individuals with diabetes.

4. **Recognition and Awards:** Paul Berg's contributions to biotechnology have been widely recognized and honored. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980 for his work on recombinant DNA technology. This prestigious award highlighted the significance of his research and its impact on the field of biotechnology.

**Conclusion:**

Paul Berg's pioneering work on recombinant DNA technology and his efforts to establish ethical guidelines have earned him the title of the father of biotechnology. His contributions have revolutionized the field and paved the way for numerous advancements in genetic engineering and medical research. Paul Berg's work continues to inspire and guide scientists in the field of biotechnology today.