Order of Acidity of o, p & m-Nitrophenol
Nitrophenols are phenols with nitro groups attached to the benzene ring. The presence of the nitro group significantly influences the acidity of these compounds.

Explanation:

1. o-Nitrophenol
- In o-nitrophenol, the nitro group is positioned ortho (1,2) to the hydroxyl group.
- The ortho position allows for intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the nitro group and the hydroxyl group. This hydrogen bonding stabilizes the phenolate anion, making it more acidic.
- Therefore, o-nitrophenol is the most acidic among the three nitrophenols.

2. p-Nitrophenol
- In p-nitrophenol, the nitro group is located para (1,4) to the hydroxyl group.
- The para position does not allow for intramolecular hydrogen bonding, reducing the stabilization of the phenolate anion compared to o-nitrophenol.
- Hence, p-nitrophenol is less acidic than o-nitrophenol but more acidic than m-nitrophenol.

3. m-Nitrophenol
- In m-nitrophenol, the nitro group is situated meta (1,3) to the hydroxyl group.
- The meta position does not facilitate intramolecular hydrogen bonding, similar to the para position in p-nitrophenol.
- Due to the lack of stabilizing hydrogen bonding interactions, m-nitrophenol is the least acidic among the three nitrophenols.
Therefore, the ascending order of acidity for o, p, and m-nitrophenol is: o-nitrophenol > p-nitrophenol > m-nitrophenol.

the statement is correct. I-Effect is inversely proportional to the distance. as it is the partial shifting of bonded electrons, that's why it lasts up to 4-5 C only.in case of benzene and their derivatives, the I-Effect will be maximum at Ortho, than Meta and minimum at Para position.