Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in thea)absence of sunlightb)presence of sunlightc)presence of waterd)presence of hydrochloric acidCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Option b is correct

The chlorination reaction takes place in the presence of sunlight.

The reaction is controlled by a free radical mechanism and the final product depends on the amount of chlorine present.

Answer

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Answer

Presence of sunlight:

When chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight, a photochemical reaction occurs. Sunlight provides the energy needed to break the relatively weak chlorine-chlorine bond, resulting in the formation of highly reactive chlorine radicals. These radicals can then initiate a chain reaction by abstracting hydrogen atoms from the hydrocarbon molecules, leading to the formation of alkyl radicals.

Chain reaction:

The alkyl radicals formed during the reaction can further react with chlorine molecules to produce alkyl chlorides. This process continues in a chain reaction, where the alkyl radicals generated in one step can react with more chlorine molecules to produce more alkyl chlorides. This chain reaction is sustained by the presence of sunlight, as it continuously provides energy for the formation of chlorine radicals.

Role of sunlight:

Sunlight is essential for this reaction to occur because it initiates the formation of chlorine radicals, which are crucial for the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons to alkyl chlorides. In the absence of sunlight, the reaction may proceed at a much slower rate or may not occur at all due to the lack of energy needed to break the chlorine-chlorine bond.

Therefore, the presence of sunlight is necessary for the reaction between chlorine and saturated hydrocarbons to take place efficiently at room temperature.

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