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Which of these forms can communalism take in politics?
  • a)
    In everyday beliefs, like religious prejudices
  • b)
    A quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community
  • c)
    Political mobilisation on religious lines
  • d)
    All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which of these forms can communalism take in politics?a)In everyday be...
Communalism can take various forms in politics :
(i) The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. It involves religious prejudices, belief in the superiority of one’s religion over others.
(ii) When it tries to have political dominance of one's own religious community, especially by the majority community, it leads to the desire in the minority community to form a separate political unit.
(iii) Political mobilisation on religious lines is another form of communalism. It involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal, and plain fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena. In electoral politics, it leads to emotional appeals to the voters of one religion in preference to others.
(iv) Sometimes communalism takes its ugliest form — communal violence, riots, and massacres. This we have seen in the case of India and Pakistan at the time of partition of the country.
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Which of these forms can communalism take in politics?a)In everyday be...
Community over others
c)Discrimination in access to resources and opportunities based on community identity
d)All of the above
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Directions (Q.51-57) for the following items:Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on these passages only. Passage 1By going through literature on communalism, certain important aspects that are worth noting arise. First, arbitrary definitions and explanations, often due to the development of opposing schools of thought, have created vagueness around the phenomenon of communalism and its associations with the concept of community. Second, most of the writings on communalism are not on communalism per se. They are on Hindu communalism, Muslim communalism and the Hindu fundamentalism. The connection between communalism and communities is not addressed properly. Third, features of religious communalism - a presumed homogenous community and community consciousness - are also exhibited by sects, cults, castes and linguistic and regional communities. Such communities and their politics are not seen as a part of the restricted idea of communalism. This is why the use of the idea of the ethnic is considered more appropriate, for it can bring under its consideration the full range of such expressions. Fourth, occurrences of communal violence in southern Indian states, its spread to rural and hill areas where tribals and dalits are either involved or attacked, and a range of new subjects for contestation in contemporary times show that communalism is not a peculiar north Indian and urban phenomenon.Writings on communalism, even while highly analytical, consider community in terms of religion. This narrowing of communalism to apply only to religious communities has been uncritically inherited from colonial understandings of communities in India. To begin a discussion on communalism, it is necessary to see how it has been defined and explained, and how it has been associated with the term community. In a crude way, a group of people with some common bonds or notion of common identity can be treated as a community. Apparently, the association of communalism with community looks simplistic. An analysis of the characteristic features of communalism shows that the complex relationship between communalism and community has largely been overlooked. Jones defines communalism as consciously shared religious heritage which becomes the dominant form of identity for a given segment of society.Q. Consider the following statements:1. Communalism has a narrow definition of being inter-religious hence, intra- religious communalism is ignored.2. The scope of communalism needs to be studied in a broader perspective to bring in comprehensive understanding With reference of the passage, which of the following assumptions is/are valid?

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Which of these forms can communalism take in politics?a)In everyday beliefs, like religious prejudicesb)A quest for political dominance of one’s own religious communityc)Political mobilisation on religious linesd)All the aboveCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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