Stimulation of Pancreatic Juice

The pancreas is an important digestive organ of the body. It secretes pancreatic juice which helps in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Pancreatic juice is stimulated by the release of certain hormones and enzymes in the body. The correct answer to the given question is option 'D', which means that pancreatic juice is stimulated by the release of both secretin and cholecystokinin.

Secretin

Secretin is a hormone that is released by the cells of the duodenum in response to the presence of acidic chyme (food mixed with stomach acid) in the small intestine. It stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice which contains bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions help in neutralizing the acidic chyme that enters the small intestine from the stomach. Secretin also inhibits the secretion of gastric acid from the stomach.

Cholecystokinin

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that is released by the cells of the duodenum in response to the presence of partially digested proteins and fats in the small intestine. It stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice that contains enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase. These enzymes help in the digestion of proteins and fats respectively. CCK also stimulates the gallbladder to release bile which helps in the emulsification of fats.

Enterokinase

Enterokinase is not directly involved in the stimulation of pancreatic juice secretion. It is an enzyme that is released by the cells of the duodenum. It activates trypsinogen, an inactive precursor of trypsin, which is secreted by the pancreas. Once activated, trypsin can activate other pancreatic enzymes such as chymotrypsin and procarboxypeptidase into their active forms.

Conclusion

In summary, pancreatic juice is stimulated by the release of secretin and cholecystokinin. Secretin stimulates the release of bicarbonate ions, while cholecystokinin stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes. Enterokinase is not involved in the stimulation of pancreatic juice secretion but plays an important role in the activation of pancreatic enzymes. These hormones and enzymes work together to ensure the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body.