Which of the following is the cyanobacterial group acting as biofertilizer ?a)Bacillusb)Anabaenac)Rhizobiumd)AzotobacterCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Biofertilizers are the suspension of microorganism which remains in close association with the roots and converts the atmospheric nitrogen into the soluble form. Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria, that exists as plankton. It is known for its nitrogen fixing abilities and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. Certain species of Anabaena have been used on rice paddy fields, proving to be an effective natural fertilizer.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Answer

B) anabaena

Answer

Fungi such as Glomus form symbiotic associations with plants. This relationship is known as Mycorrhiza. They absorb phosphorus from the soil and pass it to plants. Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Nostoc also fix atmospheric nitrogen and act as bio-fertilizers especially in paddy fields

Answer

Cyanobacteria, such as Nostoc and Anabaena strains, have great potential as nitrogenous biofertilizer derived from solar energy due to their possession and elegant coordination of photoautotrophy (CO2 fixation through the Calvin cycle by vegetative cells) and diazotrophy (atmospheric dinitrogen fixation by the nitrogenase enzyme complex in heterocysts)

Answer

Anabaena as a Biofertilizer

Introduction:
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a group of photosynthetic bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen. These bacteria have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be utilized by plants, making them valuable biofertilizers. Among the given options, Anabaena is a cyanobacterial group that acts as a biofertilizer.

Anabaena:
Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that can form symbiotic associations with a wide range of plant species. These bacteria are commonly found in aquatic environments such as freshwater lakes, rivers, and paddy fields. Anabaena colonies are composed of filaments made up of individual cells.

Nitrogen Fixation:
Anabaena plays a crucial role in nitrogen fixation, which is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), a form that plants can utilize. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development, but most plants cannot directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen. However, Anabaena possesses specialized cells called heterocysts that can fix nitrogen.

Heterocysts:
Heterocysts are specialized cells that lack photosynthetic pigments and have thickened cell walls. These cells create an anaerobic environment, which is necessary for the nitrogen fixation process. Inside the heterocysts, the enzyme nitrogenase converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.

Symbiotic Associations:
Anabaena forms symbiotic associations with various plant species, including rice, sugarcane, and leguminous plants. In these associations, the Anabaena cells colonize the roots or specialized structures called nodules. The plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and shelter, while the bacteria provide the plants with fixed nitrogen.

Benefits as a Biofertilizer:
The use of Anabaena as a biofertilizer offers several benefits, including:

1. Increased nitrogen availability: Anabaena helps to enhance soil fertility by providing plants with a readily available source of nitrogen.

2. Reduced dependence on chemical fertilizers: By using Anabaena as a biofertilizer, farmers can reduce their reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which can have negative environmental impacts.

3. Cost-effective: Anabaena is a cost-effective alternative to chemical fertilizers, as it can provide a sustainable and renewable source of nitrogen for plant growth.

4. Environmental sustainability: Anabaena fixation reduces the need for nitrogen-based fertilizers, which can contribute to water pollution and other environmental issues.

In conclusion, Anabaena is a cyanobacterial group that acts as a biofertilizer by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and providing plants with a readily available source of nitrogen. Its ability to form symbiotic associations with various plant species makes it a valuable tool in sustainable agriculture practices.

Answer

Option B is correct

Answer

B

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