Chemical for generating acetylene:

The correct chemical used for generating acetylene is calcium carbide (option B).

Explanation:

Acetylene (C2H2) is a highly flammable gas that is widely used in various industrial processes. It is commonly used for welding and cutting metals, as well as in the production of chemicals and plastics.

Calcium carbide is the chemical compound used for generating acetylene gas. It is produced by the reaction between calcium oxide (lime) and carbon in the form of coke or coal. The reaction is exothermic and requires a temperature of around 2000-2200 degrees Celsius.

Process of generating acetylene:

The process of generating acetylene involves the following steps:

1. Production of calcium carbide:
- Calcium oxide (lime) and carbon in the form of coke or coal are mixed and heated in an electric arc furnace.
- The reaction takes place at high temperatures, resulting in the formation of calcium carbide (CaC2) and carbon monoxide (CO) gases.
- The equation for this reaction is: CaO + 3C → CaC2 + CO

2. Reaction of calcium carbide with water:
- Calcium carbide reacts with water to produce acetylene gas and calcium hydroxide.
- The reaction is highly exothermic and releases a large amount of heat.
- The equation for this reaction is: CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

3. Collection and purification:
- The acetylene gas generated is collected and purified to remove impurities.
- This is usually done through a series of processes like scrubbing, drying, and compression.

Uses of acetylene:

Acetylene has numerous industrial applications, including:
- Welding and cutting metals
- Production of chemical compounds like vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, and acetic acid
- Manufacturing of plastics, rubber, and synthetic fibers
- Ripening of fruits like bananas
- Lighting applications such as acetylene lamps and torches

Conclusion:

Calcium carbide is the chemical compound used for generating acetylene gas. The process involves the production of calcium carbide followed by its reaction with water to produce acetylene. Acetylene has various industrial applications, making it an important compound in the chemical industry.