Department of Diwan-i-Khairat

The correct answer is option 'C' - Feroz Shah Tughlaq.

Explanation:

The department of Diwan-i-Khairat was established during the reign of Feroz Shah Tughlaq. Feroz Shah Tughlaq was the Sultan of Delhi from 1351 to 1388 CE. He was the successor of Muhammad bin Tughlaq and belonged to the Tughlaq dynasty.

Feroz Shah Tughlaq's Administration:

During his reign, Feroz Shah Tughlaq implemented several administrative reforms to improve governance and welfare of his subjects. He established various departments and institutions to efficiently manage the affairs of the state.

Diwan-i-Khairat:

The Diwan-i-Khairat was a department responsible for the collection and distribution of charity and alms. It was set up to provide financial assistance to the poor and needy. The department was responsible for collecting funds through donations and distributing them to the deserving individuals.

Other Reforms by Feroz Shah Tughlaq:

Apart from setting up the Diwan-i-Khairat, Feroz Shah Tughlaq implemented several other reforms during his reign. Some of the significant reforms include:

1. Construction of Hospitals: Feroz Shah Tughlaq built several hospitals and dispensaries to provide medical facilities to the people. These hospitals were equipped with medicines and medical staff.

2. Construction of Canals: Feroz Shah Tughlaq undertook the construction of several canals to ensure the availability of water for agriculture. These canals played a crucial role in improving irrigation and boosting agricultural productivity.

3. Reforms in Revenue Collection: Feroz Shah Tughlaq introduced reforms in the revenue administration system. He revised the revenue records and reduced the burden of taxes on the peasants.

4. Establishment of Educational Institutions: Feroz Shah Tughlaq founded several educational institutions and libraries to promote education and scholarship. He patronized scholars and encouraged the translation of important texts.

Conclusion:

Feroz Shah Tughlaq was a ruler known for his administrative reforms and welfare measures. The establishment of the department of Diwan-i-Khairat was one of his initiatives to provide financial assistance to the poor and needy. His reign witnessed significant developments in various aspects of governance, including healthcare, irrigation, revenue administration, and education.