Explain any five features of a federalism?

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1.Different levels of government govern the same citizens, where each level has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
2.Existence and authority of each level of government is constitutionally governed.
3.The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
4.Courts have the power to interpret the constitution. The highest court acts as the umpire if any dispute arises between different levels of government.
5.Sources of revenue for each level of government are specified to ensure its financial autonomy.

Answer

Features of Federalism:

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various regional units. It is characterized by the presence of two levels of government - the central government and the state or provincial governments. Here are five key features of federalism:

1. Dual Government:
Federalism involves the existence of two distinct levels of government - the central government and the state or provincial governments. Each level of government has its own powers, responsibilities, and jurisdictions. The central government handles national issues such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency, while the state governments focus on local matters like education, healthcare, and transportation. This division of powers ensures a balance of authority and allows both levels of government to address the needs of their respective jurisdictions.

2. Written Constitution:
A federal system operates under a written constitution that delineates the powers and responsibilities of the central and state governments. The constitution serves as the supreme law of the land and provides a framework for the distribution of powers, ensuring that neither level of government encroaches upon the other's jurisdiction. It also serves as a legal document that citizens can refer to for their rights and protections.

3. Separation of Powers:
Another important feature of federalism is the principle of separation of powers. This means that the powers of the government are divided into three branches - executive, legislative, and judicial. Each branch has its own distinct functions and operates independently of the others. This separation of powers prevents the concentration of authority in a single entity and ensures a system of checks and balances, where each branch can monitor and limit the actions of the others.

4. Supremacy of the Constitution:
In a federal system, the constitution is considered the supreme law of the land. All levels of government, including the central and state governments, must abide by the provisions laid out in the constitution. If any law or action is found to be in violation of the constitution, it can be challenged in the courts and declared void. This principle ensures that the powers of the government are limited and that the rights and liberties of citizens are protected.

5. Independent Judiciary:
Federalism relies on the presence of an independent judiciary that can interpret and apply the laws and provisions of the constitution. The judiciary acts as a neutral arbiter and resolves disputes between the central and state governments or between the citizens and the government. It ensures that the government acts within the bounds of the constitution and safeguards the rights and interests of the people. The judiciary's independence is crucial for upholding the rule of law and maintaining the integrity of the federal system.

Overall, federalism provides a framework for the division of powers, the protection of individual rights, and the efficient governance of diverse regions within a country. It allows for local autonomy while maintaining a unified national identity and helps to prevent the concentration of power in a single authority.

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