Tool steels:a)have a carbon content of less than 0.5%b)typically contain carbidesc)cannot hold hardness at an elevated temperatured)are not very resistant to abrasionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Tool steels:

a)
have a carbon content of less than 0.5%
b)
typically contain carbides
c)
cannot hold hardness at an elevated temperature
d)
are not very resistant to abrasion

Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Tool steels:a)have a carbon content of less than 0.5%b)typically cont...

Tool steels refer to a variety of alloy steels that are particularly useful for making tools. The four major alloying elements that form carbides in tool steel are tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and molybdenum.

The essential requirement for all the types of cutting tool materials are:

Hot hardness or red hardness: The cutting tool can withstand high temperatures without losing its cutting edge. The red hardness of the tool materials can be increased by adding chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium, all of which form hard carbides.

Abrasion resistance: It is the ability to resist wear. Abrasion resistance not only depends on hardness but also on the extent of hard, undissolved carbides present. This abrasion resistance increases as the carbon and alloy content increases.

Toughness: Toughness is the ability to resist shock and impact forces and also to resist a high unit pressure against the cutting edge.

Friction coefficient: To have low wear and better surface finish, the coefficient of friction between the chip and tool should be as low as possible in the operating range of speed and feed.

Thermal Conductivity and specific heat: It is very much desired that the tool material should possess high thermal conductivity and specific heat so that the materials may conduct away the heat generated at the cutting edge.

Machinability: This is the property of the material that defines the ease with which material would machine. The tool material should be comparatively easier for the machine.

There are different types of tool materials like plain carbon steels, low alloy steels, high-speed steels, Cemented carbides, Ceramics, etc.

The carbon content of tool steels varies from 0.8 to 1.5%.

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