The most important cause of power loss in the transmission line is the-a)Resistanceb)Reactancec)Capacitanced)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Technical losses are normally 22.5%, and directly depend on the network characteristics and the mode of operation.

Answer

Reactance is the most important cause of power loss in the transmission line.

Reactance refers to the opposition offered by an electrical circuit to the flow of alternating current (AC) due to the presence of inductance and capacitance. In a transmission line, reactance plays a significant role in determining the power loss.

Factors contributing to power loss in a transmission line:

1. Resistance: Resistance in a transmission line causes power loss in the form of heat. When current flows through a conductor, resistance converts a portion of electrical energy into heat energy. This heat loss is known as resistive power loss. Although resistance does contribute to power loss, it is not the most significant factor.

2. Reactance: Reactance can be further divided into inductive reactance and capacitive reactance.

- Inductive Reactance: Inductive reactance is caused by the presence of inductors in the transmission line. Inductors store energy in their magnetic fields and tend to oppose changes in current. This opposition results in a phase shift between voltage and current. Inductive reactance causes a lagging power factor, which leads to power loss in the transmission line.

- Capacitive Reactance: Capacitive reactance is caused by the presence of capacitors in the transmission line. Capacitors store energy in their electric fields and tend to oppose changes in voltage. This opposition also results in a phase shift between voltage and current. Capacitive reactance causes a leading power factor, which also leads to power loss in the transmission line.

In a transmission line, both inductive and capacitive reactance contribute to power loss due to the phase shifts they introduce. These phase shifts cause a mismatch between the voltage and current, resulting in power being dissipated as heat.

Conclusion:

While resistance does contribute to power loss in a transmission line, it is the reactance (both inductive and capacitive) that plays the most important role. The phase shifts caused by reactance result in power being lost as heat. Therefore, reactance is the most significant cause of power loss in a transmission line.

Answer

Resistance , option A is the right answer because of the following reasons:
A transmission line consists of four parameters that directly affect its ability to transfer power efficiently.

Shunt conductance:

This parameter is associated with the dielectric losses.
Conductance from line to line or a line to ground accounts for losses that occur due to the leakage current at the cable insulation and the insulators between overhead lines.

Series resistance:

The primary source of real power losses incurred in a transmission system is due to the resistance of the conductors.
Power loss is directly proportional to the square of the RMS current traveling through the line.

Capacitance and Inductance:

Power loss cannot occur due to the capacitance or inductance present in the transmission line.
It can only occur due to the resistance in the transmission line.
The capacitance and inductance present in the line however can trap energy in their electric fields and magnetic fields and effects the power transfer capability of the line.

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