Rainfall Distribution Pattern over Ganga Basin

The Ganga basin is a large river basin in India, covering an area of over 1 million square kilometers. The rainfall distribution pattern over this basin is an important factor that affects the agriculture, water resources, and overall development of the region. The correct answer to the given question is option 'A', which means that the rainfall decreases from the east to west and south to north.

Factors affecting rainfall distribution

There are various factors that affect the rainfall distribution pattern over a region. Some of the important factors that affect the rainfall distribution over the Ganga basin are:

- Topography: The topography of the region plays a significant role in determining the rainfall distribution pattern. The Ganga basin has a diverse topography, ranging from the Himalayas in the north to the plains in the south. The Himalayas act as a barrier to the moisture-laden winds from the Bay of Bengal, resulting in heavy rainfall in the foothills and decreasing towards the plains.
- Monsoon winds: The Ganga basin receives most of its rainfall during the monsoon season, which is characterized by the southwest monsoon winds. These winds originate from the Arabian Sea and bring moisture over the Indian subcontinent. The rainfall distribution pattern over the Ganga basin is influenced by the direction and intensity of these winds.
- Latitude: The latitude of the region also affects the rainfall distribution pattern. The Ganga basin lies in the tropical and subtropical regions, which receive rainfall from the monsoon winds. The rainfall decreases towards the north and south of the basin due to the movement of the monsoon winds.

Rainfall distribution pattern over Ganga basin

Based on the above factors, the rainfall distribution pattern over the Ganga basin can be summarized as follows:

- East to west: The eastern part of the Ganga basin, which includes the foothills of the Himalayas, receives the highest rainfall. This region is influenced by the southwest monsoon winds and the topography of the Himalayas. As we move towards the west, the rainfall gradually decreases due to the decreasing elevation and the distance from the Bay of Bengal.
- South to north: The southern part of the Ganga basin, which includes the states of Odisha, West Bengal, and parts of Bihar, receives higher rainfall compared to the northern part. This is due to the proximity of these regions to the Bay of Bengal, which is a major source of moisture for the monsoon winds. As we move towards the north, the rainfall decreases due to the movement of the monsoon winds and the decreasing latitude.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the rainfall distribution pattern over the Ganga basin is influenced by various factors such as topography, monsoon winds, and latitude. The correct answer to the given question is option 'A', which means that the rainfall decreases from the east to west and south to north of the Ganga basin. Understanding the rainfall distribution pattern is important for planning and managing the water resources and agriculture in the region.